Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have become prominent global health threats, escalating the burden on public health systems. The increasing occurrence of invasive fungal infections is due primarily to the extensive application of chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapies, and broad-spectrum antifungal agents. At present, therapeutic practices utilize multiple categories of antifungal agents, such as azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, and pyrimidine analogs. Nevertheless, the clinical effectiveness of these treatments is progressively weakened by the emergence of drug resistance, thereby substantially restricting their therapeutic utility. Consequently, there is an imperative need to expedite the discovery of novel antifungal agents. This review seeks to present an exhaustive synthesis of novel antifungal drugs and candidate agents that are either under current clinical investigation or anticipated to progress into clinical evaluation. These emerging compounds exhibit unique benefits concerning their modes of action, antimicrobial spectra, and pharmacokinetic characteristics, potentially leading to improved therapeutic outcomes relative to conventional antifungal regimens. It is anticipated that these novel therapeutic agents will furnish innovative treatment modalities and enhance clinical outcomes in managing invasive fungal infections.

The Huangdi Neijing proposes the " using bitter herbs to nourish or purge" theory to guide clinical prescription and formulation of herbal remedies based on the physiological characteristics and functions of the five zang viscera, along with the properties and flavors of medicinal herbs. This study explored diabetic kidney disease pathogenesis and treatment based on the " using bitter herbs to nourish or purge" theory. Kidney dryness is a key pathological factor in diabetic kidney disease, and the disharmony of kidney dryness is an essential aspect of its pathogenesis. Strengthening is the primary therapeutic principle, and kidney dryness is a persistent factor throughout the occurrence and progression of diabetic kidney disease. In the early stage, the pathogenesis involves heat-consuming qi and injuring yin, leading to kidney dryness. In the middle stage, the pathogenesis manifests as qi deficiency and blood stasis in the collaterals, resulting in turbidity owing to kidney dryness. In the late stage, the pathogenesis involves yin and yang deficiency, with kidney dryness and disharmony. This study proposes the staging-based treatment based on the " need for firmness" characteristic of the kidney. The aim is to provide new insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine by rationally using pungent, bitter, and salty medicinal herbs to nourish and moisturize the kidney. This approach seeks to promote precise syndrome differentiation and personalized treatment for different stages of diabetic kidney disease, thereby enhancing clinical efficacy.

This paper introduces Professor Zhang Qingping's clinical experience in treating post-stroke spastic paralysis.In the view of Professor Zhang Qingping,the main pathogenesis of post-stroke spastic paralysis being deficiency of yang qiand malnutrition of meridian-sinew,such diseases can be treated from the perspective of sinew theory.Professor Zhang addressed importance to acupoints selection of yin meridians and therapeutic sequence,and skilled in applying superficial-skin needling and multi-direction needling,she also emphasizes on seizing the opportunity to treat disease and regulating body and mind simultaneously,and obtained certain clinical effects in the treatment of post-stroke spastic paralysis.

Biometric recognition technology has developed rapidly and highly integrated with clinical diagnostics,phenotypic genomics,genomics,and big data analytics,facilitating not only precise personal identification but also demonstrating significant potential in health maintenance,particularly for military personnel.Global research has increasingly focused on uncovering the complex associations between biometric traits and key health determinants,such as disease susceptibility,psychological states,and physiological functions,to further harness biometrics in proactive health management.This paper provided a comprehensive overview of the latest progress and emerging applications of biometric technology in healthcare and military medicine,aiming to offer a scientific reference supporting the strategic development of biometrics research,its application promotion,and population-wide health management enhancement.

Objective To identify candidate compounds that activate thermogenesis during cold exposure by integrating the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures(LINCS)with RNA expression profiles specific to cold-induced thermogenesis.Methods Gene expression profiles of interscapular brown adipose tissue(BAT)and inguinal white adipose tissue(iWAT)were generated from 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice which were housed at 5 ℃ or room temperature(23 ℃)for 7 days.The gene expression signatures of the cold-induced BAT and iWAT were compared to the LINCS dataset to predict potential candidates for testing in a cold challenge model that was intended to assess thermogenesis activation.The pharmacological potential of the identified compounds was evaluated in a cold-exposed mouse model.The core body temperature and infrared thermal imaging were collected to monitor physiological responses during cold exposure.Additionally,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to assess morphological changes of fat cells of BAT,iWAT,and epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT).Results The transcriptomic signatures related to cold-induced thermogenesis were obtained and the top 20 candidate compounds were identified by comparison with the LINCS dataset.Mice treated with withaferin A(WA)during the cold challenge exhibited elevated rectal temperatures and smaller adipocyte sizes compared to controls.Conclusion Our drug repurposing strategy,which connects transcriptional profiles with LINCS data,identifies potential compounds.WA enhances thermogenesis and metabolic activity in adipose tissue,which helps maintain body temperature,and improves cold tolerance during exposure to low temperatures.

Objective:To investigate the longitudinal stability of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL).Methods:The longitudinal cognitive assessment results of 68 dementia patients admitted to the Dementia and Leukoencephalopathy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, from January 2021 to January 2024, were retrospectively analyzed, including the total and sub-items scores of the MMSE, MoCA, and ADL. Two different rules were applied to analyze the abnormality rates: rule 1, where the current test result being better than the previous one was considered an abnormality; rule 2, where the current test result being better than the previous average score was considered an abnormality (If a patient had only 2 cognitive assessments, rule 2 was considered the same as rule 1). Two rules were used to analyze the abnormality rates of the scales. The statistical analyses were repeated after excluding patients with possible anxiety and depression status.Results:In assessing the total score stability, MMSE showed the lowest abnormality rates [27.2% (31/114) under rule 1 and 29.8% (34/114) under rule 2], while MoCA had the highest abnormality rates [41.3% (26/63) and 46.0% (29/63), respectively]. The ADL abnormality rates were 27.7% (23/83) and 33.7% (28/83), respectively. Among MoCA sub-items, category cue, multiple choice cue, second memory trial, orientation, and clock showed higher abnormality rates [31.7%(20/63), 30.2%(19/63), 23.8%(15/63), 22.2%(14/63), 22.2%(14/63), respectively]. After excluding population with possible anxiety and depression status, the relative abnormality rates of MMSE and ADL sub-items did not significantly change, while the abnormality rate of orientation in MoCA sub-items decreased relatively.Conclusion:The MMSE and ADL exhibit good stability in long-term monitoring of dementia patients, serving as essential tools for assessing and following up cognitive changes.

AIM: To explore the clinical efficacy of 25G minimally invasive vitrectomy combined with 41G ultra-micro subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA)in the treatment of subretinal hemorrhage(SMH).METHODS: Retrospective study. A totally 60 patients(60 eyes)who visited the Ophthalmology Department of Yuebei People's Hospital from June 2022 to September 2024 and were diagnosed with submacular hemorrhage were selected. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into a control group of 30 eyes(25G vitrectomy combined with intravitreal injection of t-PA)and an observation group of 30 eyes(25G vitrectomy combined with 41G subretinal injection of t-PA). The complete clearance rate of macular hemorrhage, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), changes in intraocular pressure, central retinal thickness(CRT), the occurrence of postoperative complications were observed in the two groups of patients.RESULTS:The two groups of general data are comparable. After treatment for 7 d, the rate of complete clearance of macular hemorrhage was higher in the observation group than in the control group(100% vs 80%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the comparison of BCVA at 1 d and 6 mo postoperatively(all P>0.05), and in the comparison of BCVA between the two groups at 7 d, 1, and 3 mo postoperatively, BCVA of the observation group was better than that of the control group(all P<0.05); and the intraocular pressure of the observation group was lower than that of the control group at 1 d, 7 d, and 1 mo postoperatively(all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups in the comparison of intraocular pressure at 3 and 6 mo postoperatively(all P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the comparison of CRT at 1 d and 6 mo postoperatively(all P>0.05), and CRT was lower than that of the control group at 7 d, 1 and 3 mo postoperatively(all P<0.05). The total incidence of complications in the observation group was not statistically different from that in the control group(0 vs 10%, P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The 25G minimally invasive vitrectomy combined with 41G ultra-microsubretinal injection of t-PA is more efficient in removing subretinal hemorrhage, promotes early anatomical restoration, and has a comparable long-term visual prognosis to the conventional method, with a favorable safety profile.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) represents an emerging medical functional imaging technology, which operates by applying safe-to-human excitation currents through surface-mounted electrodes, measuring boundary voltages between electrodes, and selecting appropriate image reconstruction algorithms to visualize resistivity in tomographic cross-sections. Compared to traditional medical imaging techniques, EIT offers non-invasive and radiation-free operation, high sensitivity to tissue resistivity changes, and superior temporal resolution, meeting the real-time requirements of clinical dynamic condition monitoring. This paper comprehensively reviews the research status of brain EIT technology, systematically summarizes its advantages and technical limitations in perioperative applications, and prospectively forecasts future development directions of perioperative brain EIT based on current research foundations and clinical application demands, with the aim of providing methodological references for further optimization and clinical promotion of this technology.
Electric Impedance ; Tomography/methods* ; Humans ; Brain/diagnostic imaging*