In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

ObjectiveTo analyze the temporal trend of knockdown resistance (kdr) gene mutations highly correlated with pyrethroid resistance in field populations of Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City of Yunnan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating rational insecticide use strategies. MethodsAdult mosquito samples of Aedes aegypti from 2016 to 2023 and larvae mosquito samples from July 2022 to June 2023 were collected in Jinghong City of Yunnan Province. Allele specific PCR (AS-PCR) was used to measure kdr mutations at amino acid positions 989, 1016 and 1534 of the voltage-gated sodium ion channel (VGSC) gene. Data such as mutation rate and mutation allele frequency were calculated, SPSS software was used to perform trend chi square tests on mutation rate and mutation allele frequency with year and month, as well as comparison of mutation allele frequencies and genotype distributions between the dry and rainy seasons, thereby delineating the temporal trend of kdr gene mutations. ResultsAmong the 173 samples collected from 2016 to 2023, the mutation rates of S989P and V1016G were 100.00% for each year, while the mutation rate of F1534C ranged from 62.50% to 100.00%. The mutation rate and mutation allele frequency of F1534C were increased over the years (χ²=22.079, P<0.001; χ²=42.971, P<0.001). Concurrently, the proportion of the PPGGCC genotype was increased annually (χ²=60.790, P<0.001). Among the 288 samples collected from July 2022 to June 2023, the monthly mutation rates for S989P, V1016G, and F1534C were consistently 100.00%. There was only one type of mutation present, namely S989P+V1016G+F1534C. In the combinations of the three genotypes, the SPGGCC genotype accounted for 1.39% (4/288), the PPGGFC accounted for 2.78% (8/288), and the PPGGCC had the highest proportion at 95.83% (276/288). After tesiting the samples collected in August 2023, the mutation rates of 989, 1016 and 1534 sites of VGSC in females, males, and larvae of the same generation were all 100.00%. ConclusionSince 2016, the gene mutations at S989P and V1016G loci in the VGSC gene of wild Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City have remained consistently at 100.00%, while the mutation rate and mutant allele frequency of F1534C have increased year by year during the testing period. By 2023, the mutation rates at three loci in the VGSC gene of Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City had all reached 100.00%, and neither changes in insect developmental stage nor gender differences during transmission exerted a detectable impact on the mutation rates. In the control of Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City, the use of pyrethroid insecticides should be stopped or reduced, and regular monitoring of kdr genes should be carried out to promptly detect new mutations.

Objective To explore the transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound characteristics in women with abnormal uterine cavity and compare the diagnostic value with hysteroscopy.Methods A total of 102 women who underwent transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound and hysteroscopy in the Department of Ultrasound of Lu'an People's Hospital for various reasons were selected as the research subjects.Hysteroscopy was the gold standard.The three-dimensional ultrasound characteristics of patients with different uterine cavity lesions were statistically analyzed.A 2×2 4-grid table was drawn to calculate the diagnostic value of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound for various types of uterine cavity lesions.Results There were 22 cases of endometrial polyps,9 cases of intrauterine adhesions,and 5 cases of submucosal fibroids.The accuracy rates of diagnosing endometrial polyps,intrauterine adhesions and submucosal fibroids through transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound were 90.91%,88.89%and 80.00%,respectively.The transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound of patients with endometrial polyps mainly showed deformation of the uterine cavity line,high echoic masses,clear differentiation between the edge of the echogenic mass and the endometrium,almost no deformation of the endometrial basal line,and scattered distribution of blood flow on CDFI ultrasound.Intrauterine adhesions mainly manifested as uneven endometrial thickness and low echogenicity by transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound,and fluid accumulation may found in the uterine cavity of some patients.Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound showed that submucosal fibroids were mainly hypoechoic,elliptical or irregular in shape,with CDFI revealing abundant blood flow signals.Conclusion When women with abnormal uterine cavity are examined with transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound,patients with different types of lesions have different typical ultrasound characteristics,and transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound diagnosis has a high diagnostic accuracy with respect to hysteroscopy as the gold standard,exhibiting its advantages of non-invasive and rapid diagnosis,worthy of clinical promotion.

In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

Objective To investigate the natural progression of pulmonary ground-glass nodule(GGN)to invasive adenocarcinoma(IAC)and the diagnostic value of follow-up CT.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 45 GGN in 45 patients who were followed up for more than 2 years,surgically resected and pathologically confirmed.They were divided into IAC group(n=25)and non-IAC group(n=20),and the clinical and imaging characteristics between the two groups were compared.Results Significant differences were observed in initial volume(P=0.025),initial mass(P=0.005),margin(P=0.027),and time to GGN progression(P=0.005)between the IAC group and the non-IAC group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that initial mass and time to GGN progression were independent predictors for the diagnosis of IAC.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis results revealed that when using a maximum Youden's index of 0.456,the optimal cutoff for time to GGN progression was 30 months,with a sensitivity of 75.0%and a specificity of 70.6%,and an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.761[95%confidence interval(CI)0.606-0.916](P=0.005).When the maximum Youden's index reached 0.615,the sensitivity,specificity and AUC of the logistic regression model in the diagnosis of IAC were 79.2%,82.4%,and 0.860(95%CI 0.743-0.977)(P=0.001),respectively.The calibration curves demonstrated an excellent consistency between predicted and observed probabilities.Conclusion The optimal observation window for GGN is 30 months,during which IAC generally progresses.Close monitoring is recommended after the initiation of lesion growth.

Objective To investigate the natural progression of pulmonary ground-glass nodule(GGN)to invasive adenocarcinoma(IAC)and the diagnostic value of follow-up CT.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 45 GGN in 45 patients who were followed up for more than 2 years,surgically resected and pathologically confirmed.They were divided into IAC group(n=25)and non-IAC group(n=20),and the clinical and imaging characteristics between the two groups were compared.Results Significant differences were observed in initial volume(P=0.025),initial mass(P=0.005),margin(P=0.027),and time to GGN progression(P=0.005)between the IAC group and the non-IAC group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that initial mass and time to GGN progression were independent predictors for the diagnosis of IAC.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis results revealed that when using a maximum Youden's index of 0.456,the optimal cutoff for time to GGN progression was 30 months,with a sensitivity of 75.0%and a specificity of 70.6%,and an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.761[95%confidence interval(CI)0.606-0.916](P=0.005).When the maximum Youden's index reached 0.615,the sensitivity,specificity and AUC of the logistic regression model in the diagnosis of IAC were 79.2%,82.4%,and 0.860(95%CI 0.743-0.977)(P=0.001),respectively.The calibration curves demonstrated an excellent consistency between predicted and observed probabilities.Conclusion The optimal observation window for GGN is 30 months,during which IAC generally progresses.Close monitoring is recommended after the initiation of lesion growth.

Objective To explore the transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound characteristics in women with abnormal uterine cavity and compare the diagnostic value with hysteroscopy.Methods A total of 102 women who underwent transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound and hysteroscopy in the Department of Ultrasound of Lu'an People's Hospital for various reasons were selected as the research subjects.Hysteroscopy was the gold standard.The three-dimensional ultrasound characteristics of patients with different uterine cavity lesions were statistically analyzed.A 2×2 4-grid table was drawn to calculate the diagnostic value of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound for various types of uterine cavity lesions.Results There were 22 cases of endometrial polyps,9 cases of intrauterine adhesions,and 5 cases of submucosal fibroids.The accuracy rates of diagnosing endometrial polyps,intrauterine adhesions and submucosal fibroids through transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound were 90.91%,88.89%and 80.00%,respectively.The transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound of patients with endometrial polyps mainly showed deformation of the uterine cavity line,high echoic masses,clear differentiation between the edge of the echogenic mass and the endometrium,almost no deformation of the endometrial basal line,and scattered distribution of blood flow on CDFI ultrasound.Intrauterine adhesions mainly manifested as uneven endometrial thickness and low echogenicity by transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound,and fluid accumulation may found in the uterine cavity of some patients.Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound showed that submucosal fibroids were mainly hypoechoic,elliptical or irregular in shape,with CDFI revealing abundant blood flow signals.Conclusion When women with abnormal uterine cavity are examined with transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound,patients with different types of lesions have different typical ultrasound characteristics,and transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound diagnosis has a high diagnostic accuracy with respect to hysteroscopy as the gold standard,exhibiting its advantages of non-invasive and rapid diagnosis,worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective　To explore the application of factorial design in field trapping experiments for flies, and to provide more ideas for screening the best fly control method. Methods　A 2×2 factorial design was used to analyze the main effects of the height of the fly cage (hanging fly cage, standing fly cage) and the type of bait (commercial bait, smelly tofu bait), and the interaction between the two factors. The fly trapping methods were divided into four combinations: hanging fly cage and commercial bait, hanging fly cage and smelly tofu bait, standing fly cage and commercial bait, standing fly cage and smelly tofu bait. The experiment was repeated 7 times for each combination and carried out according to the National Vector Biological Surveillance Implementation Plan. The best fly trapping method was identified by factorial design analysis of variance. Results　A total of 2 296 flies were trapped in this study, with a cumulative deployment of 28 traps in the field, resulting in an average total density of 82.0 flies per cage. Among them, the number of flies attracted by the combination of standing fly cage and smelly tofu was the largest, accounting for 44.16% (1 014/2 296) of the total number of flies caught, with an average fly density of 144.8 flies per trap. This was followed by the combination of hanging fly cage and smelly tofu, hanging fly trap and commercial bait, and standing fly cage and commercial bait, accounting for 42.73% (981/2 296), 8.71% (200/2 296), and 4.40% (101/2 296) of the total, with average fly densities of 140.1, 28.6, and 14.4 flies per trap, respectively. The differences in field fly density among different trapping methods were statistically significant (F=49.441, P<0.001), and the differences in fly population composition were also statistically significant (χ2=259.980, P<0.001). The main effect of trap height was not significant (F=0.223, P=0.641), while the main effect of bait type was significant (F=147.206, P<0.001), and the interaction effect between trap height and bait type was not significant (F=0.894, P=0.354). Conclusions　Compared with the single-factor design method, the factorial design method can not only analyze the main effects of each factor but also the interactions between the factors. The combination of standing fly cage and smelly tofu is preferred to have a better fly control effect.

OBJECTIVE To prepare zeolite imidazole framework （ZIF）-8 nanoparticles （NPs） loaded with temozolomide （TMZ） （abbreviated as TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs） drug delivery system， thus increasing drug enrichment and anti-glioma effects in lesions. METHODS After preparing ZIF-8 NPs using the room temperature solution reaction method， the impregnation method was used to prepare TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs drug delivery system. Characterization was carried out using transmission electron microscopy， laser particle size， and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy， and dissolution and anti-tumor activity experiments in vitro and in vivo were conducted. RESULTS TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs were successfully prepared with the particle size of （126.23±7.92） nm， drug loading amount of （28.79±1.26）%， and 72 h cumulative dissolution rate of （72.36±3.62）%. The results of in vitro anti-tumor activity experiments showed that the relative cell survival rate of ZIF-8 NPs remained above 90%； the prepared TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs delivery system exhibited superior inhibition， higher uptake capacity， and better promoting apoptosis effects on the growth and proliferation of C6 cells as compared with the free TMZ. The results of in vivo anti-tumor activity experiments showed that ZIF-8 NPs were not enriched in the brain of rats， and the enrichment effect of TMZ in the brain was not significant， while TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs had a significant enrichment effect in the brain. CONCLUSIONS ZIF-8 NPs can effectively load TMZ， and successfully prepared TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs can improve TMZ uptake ability and anti-glioma effect.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.