In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the preparation technology of the volatile oil microcapsules of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, characterize the microcapsules prepared after the formulation optimization and study pharmacokinetics characteristics in rats. METHODS Spray drying was used to prepare the volatile oil microcapsules of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. The preparation process was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method with the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency as indexes. The microcapsules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Blood samples were collected after gastric administration at a dose of 100 mg·kg-1. HPLC method was adopted in the plasma concentration determination, and pharmacokinetics behavior in vivo was also compared. RESULTS The optimal formulation: core material-capsules material ratio was 1∶1.7, capsules material concentration was 10.25%, sodium starch octenyl succinate∶maltodextrin was 3.8∶1, high pressure homogenization pressure was 20 MPa and the inlet temperature of spray drying was 185 ℃. Under the optimized conditions, the drug loading was (18.94±1.09)% and the encapsulation rate was (96.03±2.91)%, respectively. The results of FT-IR and SEM showed that the essential oils had been successfully coated in the capsule wall material. The microcapsules were basically spherical in shape, with concave surface but no obvious cracks. The main pharmacokinetic parameters such as tmax, t1/2, CL, AUC0-t, k10,k12, and k21 of microcapsules had significant difference of the volatile oil(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Microcapsules effectively prolonged the circulation time of volatile oil in the body, promoted the absorption of drugs in the body and the oral bioavailability was enhanced to 2.62 times. CONCLUSION The model established by the Box-Behnken design-response surface method can be used to optimize the formulation of volatile oil microcapsules of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Angelicae Sinensis Radix with great prediction effect. The microcapsules prepared by the optimized process has good drug loading properties and the bioavailability of volatile oil is increased.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of multimodal MRI for dual pathology (DP)in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods The methods of voxel based morphometry (VBM)and voxel based analysis (VBA)had been employed to study the difference between 36 patients (20 cases left group and 16 cases right group)with TLE caused by DP and 36 healthy subjects on the grey matter (GM)volume,exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (eADC)and cerebral blood flow (CBF)value.The corresponding statistical study had also been conducted.Results There were significant statistical differences (FDR correction,P=0.001)between healthy subj ects and patients on the GM volume,eADC and CBF value.Those values decreased with diseased laterality and wider range in functional imaging.These overlaying abnormal brain regions were located in the temporal pole (superior temporal gyrus), temporal pole (middle temporal gyrus),middle temporal gyrus,inferior temporal gyrus,fusiform gyrus,hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus which represented in all examination results.Conclusion The combined findings of multimodal MRI can improve the localization ability of seizure focus in TLE,which caused by DP,before surgery.

Objective To study the relieving cough effect ofPuji-Xuanfei-Xiaodu decoction on acute bronchitis.Methods 87 patients with acute bronchitis of exterior cold and interior heat were randomly divided into two groups(44 cases in a therapy group and 43 cases in a control group).Puji-Xuanfei-Xiaodu decoction was given to the patients in the therapy group and acute bronchitis syrup was given to the control group, to observe the influence on symptoms of cough, sputum, fever and headache. The course of treatment was 7 days. Results On the reliving cough aspect, 28 cases (63.6%) showed cure effect and 13 cases (29.5%) effctive, the total effective rate was 93.2% in therapy group with 44 cases; while in control group (43 cases), 15 cases (43.9%) showed cure effect and 23 cases (53.5%) effctive, the total effective rate was 88.4%. The symptoms of cough, phlegm, fever, headache and aversion to wind were significantly decreased in two groups. In therapy group, the numbers of cure effect, remarkable effect and efficacy were 22 (50%) ,11(25%) and 8 (18.2%) cases respectively, the total effective rate was 93.19% while the numbers of cure effect, remarkable effect and efficacy were 14 (32.6%) ,8(18.6%) and 12 (27.9%) cases respectively, the total effective rate was 79.07% in control group. The total effective ratio of two groups had significant difference (P>0.05).ConclusionsPuji-Xuanfei-Xiaodu decoction is effective in relieving cough.

Pulse-activating injection has the functions of supplementing qi and nourishing yin, and recovering pulse from a collapse state. It is applied in hypotension caused by serious infection or hypovolemia extensively. Pulse-activating injection can be also used to treat hypotension caused by tracheal intubation with good effects. Appropriate application according to state of illness is very important, such as controlling infection and supplementing blood-volume, etc. When applied in cardia insufficiency, vasodilating agent should be used together to regulate dropping rate.