Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease around the world, and pharmacotherapy is the foremost treatment method currently. In recent decades, with the rapid development of bronchoscopic interventional therapy, endoscopic physical ablation technology presents a therapeutic effect in treating COPD, with few treatment-related side effects, showing excellent application prospects in treating COPD. Since ablation techniques in this field are emerging technologies with low patient acceptance, they are not widely used in the clinical treatment of COPD. This article reviews the development process of physical ablation techniques. Moreover, their current application status and the prospects in the field of COPD treatment are also summarized and analyzed. We hope to promote the application of physical ablation in the clinical treatment of COPD and provide practical references and a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of COPD.

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) released the "2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension" on August 30, 2024. This guideline updates the 2018 "Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension." One notable update is the introduction of the concept of "elevated blood pressure" (120-139/70-89 mm Hg). Additionally, a new systolic blood pressure target range of 120-129 mm Hg has been proposed for most patients receiving antihypertensive treatment. The guideline also includes numerous additions or revisions in areas such as non-pharmacological interventions and device-based treatments for hypertension. This article interprets the guideline's recommendations on definition and classification of elevated blood pressure and hypertension, and cardiovascular disease risk assessment, diagnosing hypertension and investigating underlying causes, preventing and treating elevated blood pressure and hypertension. We provide a comparison interpretation with the 2018 "Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension" and the "2017 ACC/AHA guideline on the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults."

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is primarily transmitted through the respiratory tract, and remains one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate of single-pathogen infections globally. The cell wall polysaccharides of M. tuberculosis are critical for maintaining bacterial structure, mediating pathogenesis, and enabling immune evasion. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a key polysaccharide component, has revolutionized non-invasive diagnostic technologies as a TB biomarker, while polysaccharide-based vaccines have emerged as innovative strategies for TB prevention. This review systematically examines the composition, subcellular distribution, and functional roles of M. tuberculosis cell wall polysaccharides in bacterial metabolism, drug resistance, and immune regulation. A particular emphasis is placed on recent advancements in LAM-based diagnostics and vaccine development. Future studies should utilize advanced technologies to precisely characterize the structural features of TB polysaccharides and explore their biological functions, providing a foundation for targeted diagnostic and therapeutic innovations. This article aims to provide reference for advancing both basic research and clinical applications related to M. tuberculosis.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a multifunctional protein involved in diverse cellular functions, notably DNA damage repair. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 has therapeutic benefits for various pathologies. Despite the increased use of PARP inhibitors, challenges persist in achieving PARP1 selectivity and effective blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The development of a PARP1-specific positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand is crucial for understanding disease biology and performing target occupancy studies, which may aid in the development of PARP1-specific inhibitors. In this study, we leverage the recently identified PARP1 inhibitor, AZD9574, to introduce the design and development of its ¹⁸F-isotopologue ([¹⁸F]AZD9574). Our comprehensive approach, encompassing pharmacological, cellular, autoradiographic, and in vivo PET imaging evaluations in non-human primates, demonstrates the capacity of [¹⁸F]AZD9574 to specifically bind to PARP1 and to successfully penetrate the BBB. These findings position [¹⁸F]AZD9574 as a viable molecular imaging tool, poised to facilitate the exploration of pathophysiological changes in PARP1 tissue abundance across various diseases.

Dysregulation of p53 and phosphoinositide (PIPn) signaling are both key drivers of oncogenesis and metastasis. Our recent findings reveal a previously unrecognized interaction between these pathways, converging in the nucleus to form a PIPn-p53 signalosome that modulates nuclear AKT activation and downstream signaling, thereby influencing cancer cell survival and motility. This review examines recent insights into nuclear PIPn signaling in the context of established roles for p53 in cell dynamics and migration while also deliberating current research on how nuclear PIPns interact with p53 to form signalosomes that affect cell motility. We emphasize the critical role of PIPns in stabilizing p53 and activating de novo nuclear AKT signaling, which subsequently modulates key motility-related pathways. Understanding the unique operation and function of the PIPn-p53 signalosome in nuclear phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT activation offers novel therapeutic strategies for controlling cancer metastasis by targeting pertinent interactions and events.
Humans ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Cell Movement ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Animals ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism*

The lungs are the most common sites of metastases from non-pulmonarymalignancies. Endobronchial metastases are rare and have no specificity in clinical manifestations,thus being prone to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.The common tumors associated with endobronchial metastasis are renal,breast,and colorectal cancers.This article reported one case of postoperative rectal cancer with endobronchial and lung metastases,which was relieved by high-frequency electrocautery ablation via bronchoscope,chemotherapy,and targeted drugs,aiming to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Humans ; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Electrocoagulation/methods* ; Bronchial Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Bronchoscopy ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary* ; Bronchoscopes

Japanese spotted fever(JSF)is an infectious disease caused by Rickettsia japonica,with nonspecific clinical symptoms and a high risk of misdiagnosis.We reported a case of JSF,in which Rickettsia japonica was detected in blood cells by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.The patient recovered after treatment with doxycycline.This report provides a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of JSF.
Humans ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Metagenomics ; Rickettsia/isolation & purification* ; Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis/microbiology*

Humans ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Lymph Node Excision ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; Dissection

Objective: To observe the acute hypotensive effect of compound coenzyme for injection on cats,and to establish a method for examination of depressor substance.
Methods: Ten batches of compound coenzyme for injection and histamine depressor substance were compared by cat blood pressure method to determine the limit value of depressor substance test method. According to the limit value, 22 batches of samples were tested for depressor substance.
Results: The limit of compound coenzyme for injection was 3 IU·kg^-1 (calculated by coenzyme A). Two batches of 22 batches of compound coenzyme for injection did not meet the requirements.
Conclusion: The method of compound coenzyme for injection is feasible according to the proposed limit value. It is suggested that the quality standard of compound coenzyme for injection should be added with the examination of depressor substance.

Objective: To investigate the health-related quality of life and its influencing factors among urban adults in Hangzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for formulation and assessment of health policy. Methods: A total of 1 800 permanent residents at ages of 18 to 64 years were sampled from Gongshu and Xihu districts, Hangzhou City using a stratified cluster random sampling method from May to August 2022. The health-related quality of life was measured with the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), and factors affecting health-related quality of life were identified with a Tobit regression model. Results: A total of 1 624 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a response rate of 90.22%, and the respondents included 693 men (42.67%) and 931 women (57.33%). The proportions of difficulty in mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression were 1.23%, 0.43%, 0.74%, 11.15% and 8.56%, and the median (interquartile range) of health state utility value and EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) score were 1 (0) and 90 (15) points, respectively. Female (β=-0.050), age of 45 to 64 years (β=-0.067) and development of chronic disease (one chronic disease: β=-0.036; two and more chronic diseases: β=-0.090) were factor affecting of health state utility values, and age of 35 to 44 years (β=-1.945) and 45 to 64 years (β=-3.459), unemployment (β=-1.913), development of chronic disease (one chronic disease: β=-3.444; two and more chronic diseases: β=-8.529), high-level physical activity (β=2.355) and overweight/obesity (β=-1.456) were factors affecting the EQ-VAS score. Conclusions The overall health related quality of life is relatively good among urban adults in Hangzhou City. Gender, age, employment, physical activity, presence of chronic diseases and overweight/obesity may be associated with health-related quality of life among urban adults in Hangzhou City.