A new hexaketide acid esterified by the 17-hydroxyl group of 16,17-dihydroxycyclooctatin, namely 17-[16,17-dihydroxycyclooctatinyl]-hexaketide ester (1), a member of the group of rare bacterial diterpenes with a fused 5-8-5 ring system was isolated from strain Streptomyces sp. SR107. The structure was determined on the basis of its spectral data (H NMR, C NMR, H-H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, IR and HR-ESI-MS). The antibacterial activity was also evaluated in this paper.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Esters ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Streptomyces ; chemistry

Objective To explore the effect of HeLa cells infected with Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) on the changes of mTOR signal pathway under different nutritional conditions.Methods The HeLa cells were cultured under conventional culture and serum starvation culture.(1) For the conventional method,the medium with 10 g/L fetal bovine serum was added for 24 h after the Hela cells were fused into 40％ to 50％,and the medium was changed on the next day,then the virus group was infected with CVB3 of 50％ tissue culture infective dose (TCID50).However,the control group was cultured by 2 g/L fetal bovine serum.(2) For the serum starvation method,HeLa cells were cultured with the medium without fetal bovine serum for 24 h.Then the virus group was infected with CVB3 of TCID50.The cells in control group were cultured by 2 g/L fetal bovine serum.Cell morphology changes were observed by inverted microscope,and the expressions of the mTOR,p70S6K mRNA were detected with Real-time PCR at 3 h,6 h,9 h,12 h,24 h respectively in both conventional culture and serum starvation groups.Results The expressions of mTOR and p70S6K mRNA were lower in the virus group than those in control group at 12 h and the 24 h (all P ＜0.05) in the conventional culture group.And the expressions of mTOR and p70S6K mRNA in the virus group were lower than those in the control group at every time points (all P ＜ 0.05) in serum starvation group.The expressions of mTOR and p70S6K mRNA in group with serum starvation virus and the control groups were higher than those in conventional culture group in all time points,but only the expressions of mTOR mRNA were significantly different between the 2 groups (all P ＜0.05),however,the expressions of p70S6K mRNA had no significant difference between the 2 groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion CVB3 may be able to down-regulate the expressions of mTOR and p70S6K mRNA.

Objective To investigate wingless-type MMTV integration site family,member 10A (WNT10A) expression in human dental pulp tissues and human dental pulp cells (HDPC).Methods Human premolars or wisdom teeth were obtained fron healthy individuals extracted for orthodontic purpose.The expression of WNT10A and the molecules of Wnt signaling pathway in human dental pulp tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR).HDPC were primarily cultured from pulp tissues of healthy premolars or wisdom teeth and passaged cells.Their growth patterns were observed by microscopy.The expression levels of Wnt molecules and odontoblast-specific biomarkers during different cell passage were determined by semi-quantitative and real-time quantitative RT-PCR.Results The immunohistochemical analysis showed WNT10A was located in the cytoplasms of odontoblasts.WNT10A,axis inhibition protein 2(AXIN2),Dickkopf(DKK1),lymphoid enhancer factors 1 (LEF1),low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4),dentin sialophoshoprotein (DSPP),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and osteocacin were detected in the pulp tissues by RT-PCR.HDPC reached confluence in 15 days.The 4th passage of HDPC proliferated actively,with clear cytoplasms and uniformly stretches.The 9th passage of HDPC tended to die.The Wnt signaling pathway downstream molecules were expressed in HDPC throughout the subculture.DSPP expression at mRNA level was detected peaking in the 4th passage(0.4178 ±0.0076).The expression levels of WNT10A in the 5th and the 9th passage(4.97 ±2.83,4.70 ±4.06) were significantly higher than in the 2th and the 4th passage (0.84 ± 0.66,0.70 ±0.45) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Wnt signaling pathway mediated by WNT1 0A was activated in pulp tissues and HDPC,indicating that WNT10A could be involved in differentitation of odontoblasts and dentin formation.

Objective To investigate dynamic changes in serum TF and TNF-α in the rabbit model of steroid-induced avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head ( SANFH) and also to explore the mechanism of SANFH, as well as effects of hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO) on SANFH. Methods Seventy-eight New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:the normal control (group N) (7 animals), the model group (group M) (41 animals) and the HBO group (group H) (30 animals). The model group was subdivided into the immediate model group (the M0 group) (10 animals), the two-week model group (the M2 group) (10 animals), the four-week model group (the M4 group) (10 animals) and the six-week model group (the M6 group) (11 animals). The HBO group was further divided into the 2-week HBO therapy group (HBO2) (7 animals), the 4-week HBO therapy group (HBO4) (11 animals) and the 6-week HBO therapy group (HBO6) (12 animals). Through injection of endotoxin and methyl-prednisolone, rabbits in the group HBO2, HBO4 and HBO6 received HBO therapy 1 hour daily from the second day of the experiment. The durations of HBO therapy were 2 weeks ( HBO2), and 4 weeks respectively. The animals were sacrificed after blood samples were taken at respective blood collection time. Then, levels of TF, TNF-α in the serum were measured and the histological changes in the femoral heads were observed. Results Levels of TF and TNF-α in group M0 increased significantly, when compared with those of group N (P ＜0. 05 or P ＜0.01), while for the HBO subgroups the expression of TF and TNF-α measured at the same time points all decreased, when compared with that of the model subgroups (P＜0. 05 or P ＜0.01). To elaborate, TF levels in group M2 and M4 were much higher than those in group HBO2 and HBO4 ( P＜0. 01 ). TF level in group M6 was higher than that in group HB06 ( P ＜ 0.05). TNF-α in group M0 also increased significantly, when compared with that in group N( P ＜0.01). TNF-α levels in group M2 and M6 were also much higher than those in group HBO2 and HBO6 ( both P ＜0. 01 ). TNF-α in group M4 was higher than that in group HBO4 (P＜0.01). Histological examination revealed that tissues of the femoral heads in group N were normal, osteonecrosis and thrombus could be noted in group M2 and M4, hyperplasia fibrosis could be found in group M6, and osteonecrosis in HBO2 and HB04 groups seemed less severer than that in M2 and M4 groups, no thrombi in HBO2, HBO4 groups were noted, and growth of new bones were detected in HBO4 and HBO6. Conclusions The levels of TF and TNF-α levels increased in the rabbit model of SANFH, inducing blood coagulation. Thrombosis at the femoral heads was one of the causes of SANFH. HBO therapy could inhibit the release of TF and TNF-α, thus improving the abnormality of blood coagulation and enhancing treatment of osteonecrosis.

Objective To investigate dynamic changes in serum TF and TNF-α in the rabbit model of steroid-induced avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head ( SANFH) and also to explore the mechanism of SANFH, as well as effects of hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO) on SANFH. Methods Seventy-eight New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:the normal control (group N) (7 animals), the model group (group M) (41 animals) and the HBO group (group H) (30 animals). The model group was subdivided into the immediate model group (the M0 group) (10 animals), the two-week model group (the M2 group) (10 animals), the four-week model group (the M4 group) (10 animals) and the six-week model group (the M6 group) (11 animals). The HBO group was further divided into the 2-week HBO therapy group (HBO2) (7 animals), the 4-week HBO therapy group (HBO4) (11 animals) and the 6-week HBO therapy group (HBO6) (12 animals). Through injection of endotoxin and methyl-prednisolone, rabbits in the group HBO2, HBO4 and HBO6 received HBO therapy 1 hour daily from the second day of the experiment. The durations of HBO therapy were 2 weeks ( HBO2), and 4 weeks respectively. The animals were sacrificed after blood samples were taken at respective blood collection time. Then, levels of TF, TNF-α in the serum were measured and the histological changes in the femoral heads were observed. Results Levels of TF and TNF-α in group M0 increased significantly, when compared with those of group N (P ＜0. 05 or P ＜0.01), while for the HBO subgroups the expression of TF and TNF-α measured at the same time points all decreased, when compared with that of the model subgroups (P＜0. 05 or P ＜0.01). To elaborate, TF levels in group M2 and M4 were much higher than those in group HBO2 and HBO4 ( P＜0. 01 ). TF level in group M6 was higher than that in group HB06 ( P ＜ 0.05). TNF-α in group M0 also increased significantly, when compared with that in group N( P ＜0.01). TNF-α levels in group M2 and M6 were also much higher than those in group HBO2 and HBO6 ( both P ＜0. 01 ). TNF-α in group M4 was higher than that in group HBO4 (P＜0.01). Histological examination revealed that tissues of the femoral heads in group N were normal, osteonecrosis and thrombus could be noted in group M2 and M4, hyperplasia fibrosis could be found in group M6, and osteonecrosis in HBO2 and HB04 groups seemed less severer than that in M2 and M4 groups, no thrombi in HBO2, HBO4 groups were noted, and growth of new bones were detected in HBO4 and HBO6. Conclusions The levels of TF and TNF-α levels increased in the rabbit model of SANFH, inducing blood coagulation. Thrombosis at the femoral heads was one of the causes of SANFH. HBO therapy could inhibit the release of TF and TNF-α, thus improving the abnormality of blood coagulation and enhancing treatment of osteonecrosis.

Objective To investigate effects of HBO on serum IL19 and 1L20 in the animal model of steroid - induced avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head. Methods Seventy-eight healthy New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into 8 groups: group N ( the control group),group M2,M4,M6 ( the model groups) and the HBO therapy groups (HBO group 2,HBO group 4,HBO group 6). The animal model of steroid - induced avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head was developed by injections of endotoxin and methylprednisolone. Rabbits in the HBO group 2,HBO group 4,HBO group 6 received HBO therapy 1 hour a day,and the duration of HBO treatment were 2 weeks ( HBO group 2),4 weeks ( HBO group 4) and 6 weeks ( HBO group 6) respectively. Contents of IL19,IL20 in serum were measured and histological changes in the femoral heads were observed as well. Results IL19 in group M0 increased significantly,when it was compared with that of group N(P＜0.05);IL19 in group M2 and M4 were much higher than those in group HBO group 2,HBO group 4 (P ＜0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ). IL20 in group M0 also increased significantly,when compared with that of group N( P ＜0.05 );IL20 in group M2 and M4 were much higher than those in HBO group 2 and HBO group 4 as well( P ＜ 0.01 ). Histological examination of the tissues of the femoral head revealed osteonecrosis and inflammatory cells in M2 and M4 groups,and lighter osteonecrosis together with less inflammatory cells in HBO group 2 and HBO group 4 groups than in M2,M4 groups. Conclusions Contents of IL19,IL20 elevated in the rabbit model of steroid-induced avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head. HBO therapy could inhibit release of IL19 and IL20,alleviate inflammatory response and decrease the extent of osteonecrosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning on the expression of lung aquaporin-1 in the rat models of high altitude pulmonary edema. Methods Thirty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (the C group ),the HBO group and the high-altitude pulmonary edema group (the HAPE group). Western blot and real-time PCR were applied to determine the expression of AQP-1 in the lung of animals in each group. The wet-to-dry weight ratio ( W/D weight ratio) and morphology of the lung were also examined. Results Experiments showed that the W/D weight ratio of the HAPE group was obviously higher than that of the C group,lung injury scores of the HBO group were much lower than those of the HAPE group,AQP-1 and AQP-1 mRNA for the HAPE group decreased markedly at the protein and gene level than those of the C group,and that AQP-1 and AQP-1 mRNA for the HBO group were significantly higher than those of the HAPE group. Conclusions Decreased expression of AQP-1 might be involved in the mechanism of HAPE incidence. HBO preconditioning could positively regulate the expression of AQP-1 and at the same time prevent and alleviate effects of HAPE. Our study might be the first one introducing HBO preconditioning in the prevention of HAPE,and the first investigation on the expression of AQP-1 in a rat model of HAPE.

Objective To investigate effects of HBO on serum IL19 and 1L20 in the animal model of steroid - induced avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head. Methods Seventy-eight healthy New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into 8 groups: group N ( the control group),group M2,M4,M6 ( the model groups) and the HBO therapy groups (HBO group 2,HBO group 4,HBO group 6). The animal model of steroid - induced avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head was developed by injections of endotoxin and methylprednisolone. Rabbits in the HBO group 2,HBO group 4,HBO group 6 received HBO therapy 1 hour a day,and the duration of HBO treatment were 2 weeks ( HBO group 2),4 weeks ( HBO group 4) and 6 weeks ( HBO group 6) respectively. Contents of IL19,IL20 in serum were measured and histological changes in the femoral heads were observed as well. Results IL19 in group M0 increased significantly,when it was compared with that of group N(P＜0.05);IL19 in group M2 and M4 were much higher than those in group HBO group 2,HBO group 4 (P ＜0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ). IL20 in group M0 also increased significantly,when compared with that of group N( P ＜0.05 );IL20 in group M2 and M4 were much higher than those in HBO group 2 and HBO group 4 as well( P ＜ 0.01 ). Histological examination of the tissues of the femoral head revealed osteonecrosis and inflammatory cells in M2 and M4 groups,and lighter osteonecrosis together with less inflammatory cells in HBO group 2 and HBO group 4 groups than in M2,M4 groups. Conclusions Contents of IL19,IL20 elevated in the rabbit model of steroid-induced avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head. HBO therapy could inhibit release of IL19 and IL20,alleviate inflammatory response and decrease the extent of osteonecrosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning on the expression of lung aquaporin-1 in the rat models of high altitude pulmonary edema. Methods Thirty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (the C group ),the HBO group and the high-altitude pulmonary edema group (the HAPE group). Western blot and real-time PCR were applied to determine the expression of AQP-1 in the lung of animals in each group. The wet-to-dry weight ratio ( W/D weight ratio) and morphology of the lung were also examined. Results Experiments showed that the W/D weight ratio of the HAPE group was obviously higher than that of the C group,lung injury scores of the HBO group were much lower than those of the HAPE group,AQP-1 and AQP-1 mRNA for the HAPE group decreased markedly at the protein and gene level than those of the C group,and that AQP-1 and AQP-1 mRNA for the HBO group were significantly higher than those of the HAPE group. Conclusions Decreased expression of AQP-1 might be involved in the mechanism of HAPE incidence. HBO preconditioning could positively regulate the expression of AQP-1 and at the same time prevent and alleviate effects of HAPE. Our study might be the first one introducing HBO preconditioning in the prevention of HAPE,and the first investigation on the expression of AQP-1 in a rat model of HAPE.

Objective To detect the Yersinia pestis plasmid and molecular weight along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.Methods Yersinia pestis plasmids molecular weight detected and analyzed using alkaline lysis,phenol-chloroform extraction of Yersinia pestis plasmid by agarose gel electrophoresis.Results The 18 Yersinia pestis strains of Qinghai-Tibet Railway contained 6×106,45×106,52×106,65×106,92×106plasmid,varing in the range of the 52×106-92×106.Conclusions The Yersinia pestis of Qinghai-Tibet Railway has a standardplasmid graphics,with the biggest Yersinia pestis plasmid changing in a certain regular degree,which providessignificance in the study of plague natural foci of the spatial structure and the genetic.characteristics of Yersiniapestis.