Objective By combining biological detection and imaging evaluation, a clinical prediction model is constructed based on a large cohort to improve the accuracy of distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of the 32 627 patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent chest CT and testing for 7 types of lung cancer-related serum autoantibodies (7-AABs) at our hospital from January 2020 to April 2024. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to screen independent risk factors for benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, based on which a nomogram model was established. The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results A total of 1 017 patients with pulmonary nodules were included in the study. The training set consisted of 712 patients, including 291 males and 421 females, with a mean age of (58±12) years. The validation set included 305 patients, comprising 129 males and 176 females, with a mean age of (58±13) years. Univariate ROC curve analysis indicated that the combination of CT and 7-AABs testing achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) value (0.794), surpassing the diagnostic efficacy of CT alone (AUC=0.667) or 7-AABs alone (AUC=0.514). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that radiological nodule diameter, nodule nature, and CT combined with 7-AABs detection were independent predictors, which were used to construct a nomogram prediction model. The AUC values for this model were 0.826 and 0.862 in the training and validation sets, respectively, demonstrating excellent performance in DCA. Conclusion The combination of 7-AABs with CT significantly enhances the accuracy of distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. The developed predictive model provides strong support for clinical decision-making and contributes to achieving precise diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules.

This paper systematically summarizes the practical experience of the 2025 Dingri earthquake emergency medical rescue in Tibet. It analyzes the requirements for earthquake medical rescue under conditions of high-altitude hypoxia, low temperature, and low air pressure. The paper provides a detailed discussion on the strategic layout of earthquake medical rescue at the national level, local government level, and through social participation. It covers the construction of rescue organizational systems, technical systems, material support systems, and information systems. The importance of building rescue teams is emphasized. In high-altitude and cold conditions, rapid response, scientific decision-making, and multi-party collaboration are identified as key elements to enhance rescue efficiency. By optimizing rescue organizational structures, strengthening the development of new equipment, and promoting telemedicine technologies, the precision and effectiveness of medical rescue can be significantly improved, providing important references for future similar disaster rescues.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a multifunctional protein involved in diverse cellular functions, notably DNA damage repair. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 has therapeutic benefits for various pathologies. Despite the increased use of PARP inhibitors, challenges persist in achieving PARP1 selectivity and effective blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The development of a PARP1-specific positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand is crucial for understanding disease biology and performing target occupancy studies, which may aid in the development of PARP1-specific inhibitors. In this study, we leverage the recently identified PARP1 inhibitor, AZD9574, to introduce the design and development of its ¹⁸F-isotopologue ([¹⁸F]AZD9574). Our comprehensive approach, encompassing pharmacological, cellular, autoradiographic, and in vivo PET imaging evaluations in non-human primates, demonstrates the capacity of [¹⁸F]AZD9574 to specifically bind to PARP1 and to successfully penetrate the BBB. These findings position [¹⁸F]AZD9574 as a viable molecular imaging tool, poised to facilitate the exploration of pathophysiological changes in PARP1 tissue abundance across various diseases.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among students close contacts diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in Baoshan District, Shanghai, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis among students. Methods: Pulmonary tuberculosis cases identified among students or teaching staff were selected as index cases through the Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, school reports, notification of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from April 2021 to November 2023, and student close contacts in their schools were selected as research subjects. Demographic information, lifestyle and Mycobacterium tuberculosis test results were collected through questionnaires surveys and pulmonary tuberculosis screening. LTBI was defined as a positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis test result with the exclusion of active pulmonary tuberculosis. The influencing factors for LTBI among student close contacts were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 212 student close contacts were included, with 651 males and 561 females, resulting in a gender ratio of 1.16︰1. The mean age was (18.48±4.33) years. Among them, 32 cases were detected with LTBI, yielding a detection rate of 2.64%. Higher LTBI detection rates were observed among students who shared the same dormitory with pulmonary tuberculosis cases (9.26%), attended private schools (5.54%), lived on campus (3.54%), and obtained meals through take-out services (6.52%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that sharing the same dormitory with pulmonary tuberculosis cases (OR=3.604, 95%CI: 1.256-10.338), attending a private school (OR=2.327, 95%CI: 1.083-5.003), and three meals a day through canteens (OR=9.561, 95%CI: 2.029-45.057) or through take-out services (OR=19.222, 95%CI: 3.528-104.732) were associated with a higher risk of LTBI. Conclusion The close contacts of students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Baoshan District are at risk of LTBI, which is mainly affected by the degree of contact with tuberculosis cases, the strength of school epidemic prevention and control, and students' eating habits.

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disease burden in China and worldwide. The state of cardiovascular health in childhood and adolescence has been shown to be a strong predictor of cardiovascular health in adulthood. The study summarizes current state of cardiovascular health evaluation methods in children and adolescents, including Life s Simple 7, Life s Essential 8, and the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors; and relevant indicators include diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, and the application of evaluation methods, so as to provide insights for the development of cardiovascular health evaluation methods applicable to children and adolescents in China.

Objective: To explore the factors affecting carotid plaque formation among high-risk populations for stroke, so as to provide the reference for early intervention for carotid atherosclerosis among the populations. Methods: Permanent residents were selected from Minhang District, Shanghai Municipality using the multi-staged cluster random sampling method from April to September 2021. Basic information, family history of stroke and past medical history were collected by the Community and Township Population Screening Scale for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Risk Factors. High-risk populations for stroke were identified according to the Technical Specifications for Stroke Screening and Prevention. Carotid plaque status was assessed using carotid ultrasonography. Factors affecting carotid plaque formation were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Among the 25 666 permanent residents surveyed, 8 459 were identified as high-risk populations for stroke, including 3 362 males and 5 097 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.66︰1. The median age was 66.00 (quartile range, 11.00) years. Carotid plaque were detected in 4 305 cases among high-risk population for stroke, accounting for 50.89%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (OR=1.052, 95%CI: 1.043-1.061), family history of stroke (OR=1.297, 95%CI: 1.103-1.526), hypertension (OR=1.245, 95%CI: 1.025-1.512) and diabetes (OR=1.439, 95%CI: 1.241-1.669) were associated with a higher risk of carotid plaque formation in male high-risk population for stroke, advanced age (OR=1.058, 95%CI: 1.051-1.066), lack of exercise (OR=1.138, 95%CI: 1.001-1.294), family history of stroke (OR=1.201, 95%CI: 1.062-1.357), significant overweight or obesity (OR=1.269, 95%CI: 1.127-1.430) and hypertension (OR=1.169, 95%CI: 1.003-1.362) were associated with a higher risk of carotid plaque formation in female high-risk population for stroke. Conclusion The main influencing factors for carotid plaque formation among high-risk populations for stroke include age, family history of stroke, exercise, significant overweight or obesity, hypertension and diabetes, with gender differences observed.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of neutropenia after splenectomy in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration， also known as Wilson's disease （WD）， and related influencing factors. Methods The patients with WD who were hospitalized and underwent splenectomy from January 2018 to March 2023 were enrolled as subjects. The patients with an absolute neutrophil count of <1.7×109/L at 1 year after splenectomy were enrolled as observation group， and those with an absolute neutrophil count of ≥1.7×109/L were enrolled as control group. The two groups were compared in terms of the change in routine blood test results at 1 year after splenectomy， as well as the indicators such as general information，preoperative myelogram data， preoperative Child-Pugh score， preoperative spleen size， surgical procedures， and postoperative laboratory markers， and the influencing factors for the reduction in neutrophil count were analyzed. Results A total of 61 patients were included. At 1 year after splenectomy， both groups had significant increases in white blood cell count， neutrophil count， red blood cell count， and platelet count and a significant reduction in the percentage of neutrophils （P<0.05）. After surgery， 39.34%（24/61） of the patients still had a neutrophil count lower than the normal level. Before surgery， compared with the control group，the observation group had significantly higher Child-Pugh score， total bilirubin（TBIL），aspartate aminotransferase， and prothrombin time and a significantly lower level of albumin（ALB）（P<0.05）， and there was also a significant difference in the proportion of patients with ascites between the two groups（P<0.05）. The multivariate analysis showed that preoperative Child-Pugh score， TBIL， and ALB were independent influencing factors for neutropenia. Conclusion Splenectomy cannot completely correct neutrophil level in WD patients， which may be associated with the degree of liver damage.
Splenectomy ; Neutropenia