Age-related sarcopenia is a progressive, systemic skeletal muscle disorder associated with aging. It is primarily characterized by a significant decline in muscle mass, strength, and physical function, rather than being an inevitable consequence of normal aging. Despite ongoing research, there is still no globally unified consensus among physicians regarding the diagnostic criteria and clinical indicators of this condition. Nonetheless, regardless of the diagnostic standards applied, the prevalence of age-related sarcopenia remains alarmingly high. With the global population aging at an accelerating rate, its incidence is expected to rise further, posing a significant public health challenge. Age-related sarcopenia not only markedly increases the risk of physical disability but also profoundly affects patients’ quality of life, independence, and overall survival. As such, the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies to mitigate its dual burden on both societal and individual health has become an urgent and critical priority. Skeletal muscle regeneration, a vital physiological process for maintaining muscle health, is significantly impaired in age-related sarcopenia and is considered one of its primary underlying causes. Skeletal muscle satellite cells (MSCs), also known as muscle stem cells, play a pivotal role in generating new muscle fibers and maintaining muscle mass and function. A decline in both the number and functionality of MSCs is closely linked to the onset and progression of sarcopenia. This dysfunction is driven by alterations in intrinsic MSC mechanisms—such as Notch, Wnt/β‑Catenin, and mTOR signaling pathways—as well as changes in transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Additionally, the MSC microenvironment, including both the direct niche formed by skeletal muscle fibers and their secreted cytokines, and the indirect niche composed of extracellular matrix proteins and various cell types, undergoes age-related changes. Mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation further contribute to MSC impairment, ultimately leading to the development of sarcopenia. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments for age-related sarcopenia. Nutritional intervention and exercise remain the cornerstone of therapeutic strategies. Adequate protein intake, coupled with sufficient energy provision, is fundamental to both the prevention and treatment of this condition. Adjuvant therapies, such as dietary supplements and caloric restriction, offer additional therapeutic potential. Exercise promotes muscle regeneration and ameliorates sarcopenia by acting on MSCs through various mechanisms, including mechanical stress, myokine secretion, distant cytokine signaling, immune modulation, and epigenetic regulation. When combined with a structured exercise regimen, adequate protein intake has been shown to be particularly effective in preventing age-related sarcopenia. However, traditional interventions may be inadequate for patients with limited mobility, poor overall health, or advanced sarcopenia. Emerging therapeutic strategies—such as miRNA mimics or inhibitors, gut microbiota transplantation, and stem cell therapy—present promising new directions for MSC-based interventions. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in MSC-mediated muscle regeneration in age-related sarcopenia and systematically discusses therapeutic strategies targeting MSC regulation to enhance muscle mass and strength. The goal is to provide a theoretical foundation and identify future research directions for the prevention and treatment of this increasingly prevalent condition.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the characteristics of immune cell infiltration in tumor samples from Chinese patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and the correlation of immune cell infiltration with tumor stage and response to immunotherapy. METHODS: Tumor samples and clinicopathological data were collected from 154 ccRCC patients treated in Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from October, 2020 to October, 2023. The immune cell types infiltrating the tumor tissues were identified using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, and their correlations with the patients' clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Patient-derived tumor tissue fragment models (PDTF) models, constructed using tumor tissues from 22 patients, were treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody, and T cell activation was detected using flow cytometry to assess the patients' responses to immunotherapy. RESULTS: In Chinese ccRCC patients included in this study, CD8⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T cells, and CD3⁺ T cells were the most abundant in the tumor tissues. Higher infiltration levels of CD3⁺ T cells (P=0.004), PD-1⁺ T cells (P=0.020), CD68⁺ T cells (P=0.049), CD79⁺ T cells (P=0.049), and Tryptase⁺ cells (P=0.049) were all positively correlated with a larger tumor size (≥5 cm). A higher infiltration level of CD4⁺ T cells was associated with a lower tumor stage. Patients with higher International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades had higher infiltration levels of CD3⁺ T cells (P=0.023), CD8⁺ T cells (P=0.045), PD-1⁺ T cells (P=0.014), CD20⁺ B cells (P=0.020) and CD79⁺ B cells (P=0.049), and lower levels of Tryptase⁺ cells (P=0.001). Patients with abundant infiltrating immune cells tended to have better responses to immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The infiltrating immune cells are heterogeneous in Chinese ccRCC patients, and immune cell infiltration characteristics are closely correlated with clinicopathological parameters of the patients.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology* ; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology* ; Immunotherapy ; Male ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology* ; Aged ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology* ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology* ; Adult ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology* ; Neoplasm Staging

Objective To investigate the effect of erythroid differentiation associated gene(EDAG)on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells(HSPCs)under chronic inflammation.Methods In this study,EDAG-/-and wild type(WT)mice were divided into the experiment group and control group.An infectious chronic inflammation model was established via multiple intraperitoneal injections of Listeria monocytogenes(LM),while a sterile chronic inflammation model was generated via multiple intraperitoneal injections of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid[Poly(I∶C)].The effect of EDAG on HSPCs was explored under chronic inflammation conditions.Results In the LM repeated infection model,EDAG deletion led to a decrease in HSPCs and long-term hematopoietic stem cells(LT-HSCs)in mice as well as a significant bias towards myeloid differentiation in peripheral blood.Similarly,EDAG knockout also resulted in reduced numbers of HSPCs and decreased colony-forming ability in aseptic chronic inflammation models.Conclusion EDAG deficiency accelerates HSPC depletion in young mice under chronic inflammation,indicating strong protection of EDAG against HSPC damage induced by chronic inflammation.

Objective To explore the application value of adjusting contrast medium dosage according to total body weight(TBW),lean body weight(LBW)and body surface area(BSA)in coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)of overweight patients.Methods A total of 150 patients with body mass index(BMI)≥24 kg/m2 undergoing CCTA examination were prospectively selected and randomly divided into TBW group,LBW group,and BSA group,with 50 patients in each group.All three groups used contrast medium iodixanol(320 mg I/mL)and the fixed injection time was 12 s.The dosage of contrast medium was 0.8 mL/kg(TBW);1.04 mL/kg(LBW)for male and 1.11 mL/kg(LBW)for female;BSA 30 mL/m2.The dosage and flow rate of contrast medium were compared among the three groups,the image quality was evaluated by subjective and objective ways,and the correlation between arterial enhancement and TBW,LBW and BSA were analyzed.Results According to a 5-point scale,the image quality of three groups met the clinical diagnostic requirements(both≥3 points).Compared with TBW group,the dosage of contrast medium in LBW group and BSA group decreased by 13.38％and 10.62％respectively,and the flow rate decreased by 13.41％and 10.61％respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The coronary CT values,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)in LBW and BSA groups were lower than those in TBW group(P＜0.05),and the variation range of CT values in LBW group were the smallest.There were no statistical differences in subjective scores of image quality among the three groups(P＞0.05).The coronary CT values were slightly correlated with TBW(r=0.342,P=0.015),and were not correlated with LBW or BSA(r=-0.207,P=0.150;r=-0.204,P=0.156).Conclusion LBW is the best body index to calculate the dosage of contrast medium for coronary artery enhancement in overweight patients.

Objective To evaluate the types and imaging features of early and late complications after liver transplantation.Methods A retro-spective analysis was conducted on the complications imaging data from 124 patients after liver transplantation.The CT and MRI characteristics of these complications was analyzed,categorized based on their occurrence time and type.Results The postoperative complications in the total 124 patients included vascular complication in 85 patients,biliary complication in 78 patients,and parenchy-mal complication in 21 patients.Additionally,the simple and complex complications were exhibited in 43 and 81 patients.Early vas-cular complication accounted for 69.8％,especially 21 cases(91.3％)were with early hepatic artery thrombosis.Bile leakage in 9 cases occurred in the early postoperative period,whereas biliary stenosis in 43 cases and biliary stones in 23 cases were observed in the late postoperative period.All ischemic infarction in 13 cases occurred in the early postoperative period.Among the 10 cases of liver abscess,8 cases were secondary to ischemic necrosis of liver parenchyma,and other 2 cases were secondary to suppurative cholangitis.Addi-tionally,6 cases of liver tumor recurrence were all detected in the late postoperative period.Conclusion The types of complications occurring after liver transplantation vary over time,and CT and MRI can be used to detect and evaluate postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the impact of Sca-1 bone marrow derived stem cells on apoptosis in murine cardiac fibroblasts and the molecular mechanisms of young(Y)Sca-1 bone marrow stem cell(BMSC)on old(O)cardiac fibroblast cell(CFC)apoptosis.Methods The apoptosis and survival of Y and O CFC were assessed under hypoxic conditions.Co-cultures of Y and O Sca-1 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC)with O CFC were established to investigate the impact of Sca-1 BMSC on the apoptotic response and viability of O CFC,employing TUNEL staining,qRT-PCR,Western Blot,and CCK8 assays.Furthermore,differential secretion profiles of growth factors by Y and O Sca-1 BMSC were compared using qRT-PCR and ELISA analysis.Results Compared to Y CFC,O CFC exhibited an increased rate of apoptosis and a decreased rate of cell survival.However,when compared to O cells,Y Sca-1 BMC significantly reduced apoptosis in O CFC and enhanced cell survival.Moreover,Y Sca-1 BMSC demonstrated a higher secretion of GDF5(Growth Differentiation Factor 5)than O cells(P<0.05).Importantly,the protective effects of Y Sca-1 BMSC on apoptosis and survival in O CFC were abolished upon neutral-ization of GDF5 expression.Conclusion Y Sca-1 BMSC decreases O CFC apoptosis through GDF5.

The early response of plant auxin gene family Aux/IAA (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid) and its interaction with auxin response factor (ARF) are important pattern to regulate plant growth and development. This work identified 28 StoIAA and 24 StoARF members based on the whole genome data of the medicinal plant Senna tora L., which were classified into 10 and 8 subfamilies, respectively. Phylogenetic tree and collinearity analysis showed that S. tora has close evolutionary relationship with the IAA and ARF homologous genes of Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, and the segment duplication events dominate the expansion of StoIAA and StoARF. Gene structure analysis showed that the vast majority of StoIAA and StoARF contain characteristic conserved domain. Transcriptome data showed that StoIAAs and StoARFs were expressed in leaves, roots and seeds, some members had tissue specific expression. The StoIAA and StoARF promoter region most contain functional elements related to stress response, growth and development, hormone induction and secondary metabolism. In addition, gene expression analysis showed that many StoIAAs and StoARFs can quickly respond to drought and salt stress and exhibited same expression patterns under both stress condition. The yeast two-hybrid experiment confirmed that StoARF8 and StoARF10 exhibit varying degrees of interaction with multiple StoIAA proteins, respectively. The above results provide a basis for further biological functional analysis of the Aux/IAA and ARF gene family of S. tora.

Objective:There are a variety of minimally invasive interventional treatments for trigeminal neuralgia,and the efficacy evaluation is different.The preferred treatment scheme is still controversial.This study aims to investigate the differences in treatment effects between patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia(PTN)treated with percutaneous balloon compression(PBC)for the first intervention and patients with pain recurrence after radiofrequency thermocoagulation(RT)who then received PBC for PTN,and to offer clinicians and patients more scientifically grounded and precise treatment alternatives. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 103 patients with PTN admitted to the Department of Pain Management of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2020 to December 2021,including 49 patients who received PBC for the first time(PBC group)and 54 patients who received PBC for pain recurrence after RT(RT+PBC group).General information,preoperative pain score,intraoperative oval foramen morphology,oval foramen area,balloon volume,duration of compression,and postoperative pain scores and pain recurrence at each time point on day 1(T1),day 7(T2),day 14(T3),1 month(T4),3 months(T5),and 1 year(T6)were collected and recorded for both groups.The differences in treatment effect,complications and recurrence between the 2 groups were compared,and the related influencing factors were analyzed. Results:The differences of general information,preoperative pain scores,foramen ovale morphology,foramen ovale area,T1 to T3 pain scores between the 2 groups were not statistically different(all P>0.05).The balloon filling volume in the PBC group was smaller than that in the RT+PBC group,the pain scores at T4 to T6 and pain recurrence were better than those in the RT+PBC group(all P<0.05).Pain recurrence was positively correlated with pain scores of T2 to T6(r=0.306,0.482,0.831,0.876,0.887,respectively;all P<0.01). Conclusion:The choice of PBC for the first intervention in PTN patients is superior to the choice of PBC after pain recurrence after RT treatment in terms of treatment outcome and pain recurrence.

italic>Salmonella has emerged as a promising tumor-targeting strategy in recent years due to its good tumor targeting ability and certain safety. In order to further optimize its therapeutic effect, scientists have tried to modify Salmonella, including its attenuation and drug loading. This paper summarizes the mechanism and research progress of Salmonella-mediated targeted tumor therapy, and introduces the strategies and related progress of its modification and optimization. At the same time, the advantages, current challenges and future development directions of Salmonella-mediated tumor therapy are summarized.

Obｊective To investigate the protective mechanism of tricholoma matsutake polysaccharides(TMP) against 1-methy-4-pehnyl-pyridine ion (MPP