Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a life-threatening infection commonly observed in immunocompromised patients, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment. This review evaluates the diagnostic performance of various tests used for PJP diagnosis through a comprehensive literature review. Additionally, we propose a diagnostic algorithm tailored to non-human immunodeficiency virus immunocompromised patients, considering the specific characteristics of current medical resources in Korea.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a condition in which an intramural hematoma within the coronary artery leads to acute coronary syndrome without atherosclerosis, trauma, or iatrogenic causes. It predominantly affects middle-aged women and is associated with several predisposing conditions, including fibromuscular dysplasia, systemic inflammatory disorders, connective tissue diseases, and coronary artery spasms. We report the case of a 64-year-old male with a history of hypertension who died of SCAD. His death occurred suddenly and without preceding trauma while the decedent was working overtime at a construction site. On gross examination, a thrombus-like material was identified in a branch of the left anterior descending artery and was initially presumed to be a postmortem clot. However, microscopic examination revealed an intramural hemorrhage, medial dissection, and formation of a false lumen within the coronary artery. This case report highlights the importance of a thorough histopathological examination of the coronary arteries during autopsy, even in the absence of atherosclerosis.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of impacted teeth (ITs) in orthodontic patients at university dental hospitals in Korea. Methods: This study included 14,774 patients who visited the Department of Orthodontics at 10 university dental hospitals in Korea between 2020 and 2022 and underwent orthodontic diagnosis. The prevalence and characteristics of ITs were investigated using orthodontic diagnostic records, radiographs, and diagnostic casts. Results: The prevalence of ITs, excluding third molar impaction, in Korean orthodontic patients was 13.6% (n = 2,014).The prevalence of ITs in pediatric orthodontic patients was 24.5% (n = 1,614).Of these patients, 68.2% had one IT, 27.5% had two ITs, 24.3% had bilateral IT, and 75.7% had unilateral IT. The most frequent IT was the maxillary canine (50.1%), followed by the mandibular second molar (11.7%), and maxillary second premolar (9.6%). An abnormal eruption path (46.5%) was the most frequent etiology. Orthodontic traction after surgical exposure (70.6%) was the most frequent treatment option. Among the patients with ITs, 29.8% had other dental anomalies, such as tooth agenesis (8.7%), microdontia (8.0%), and supernumerary teeth (5.1%). Furthermore, 50.8% had complications such as cystic lesions (18.3%), transposition (17.7%), and root resorption (14.8%).Among the patients with maxillary canine impaction, 62.2% had labial maxillary canine impaction and 21.1% had palatal maxillary canine impaction. Conclusions The prevalence of ITs in Korean orthodontic patients at university dental hospitals was high, particularly in pediatric orthodontic patients.

Objective: To propose the utilization of virtual tooth models (VTMs) created by combining tooth root data from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and crown data gathered through intraoral scanning to assess inter-root distance and angulation during orthodontic treatment when repeated radiographic monitoring becomes necessary. Methods: Patients with planned dental implant placement in edentulous areas during or after orthodontic treatment and who underwent intraoral and CBCT scans at the pretreatment and posttreatment stages were selected. Tooth models were fabricated by merging intraorally scanned crowns with the corresponding CBCT-scanned roots from the pretreatment. Tooth positions posttreatment was estimated by integrating models into posttreatment intraoral scans. Moreover, the actual positions were obtained from posttreatment CBCTs. Discrepancies in the estimated and actual tooth positions, including interradicular distances and inter-root angulations, were compared. Results: The minimum inter-radicular distance between two adjacent teeth demonstrated no significant difference between the estimated and actual tooth positions. The difference in inter-root angulation was not statistically significant. Most interradicular distances measured at each landmark revealed no significant differences between the estimated and actual tooth positions, except at the buccolingual midpoint of the cemento-enamel junction, where a slight discrepancy was observed. Conclusions The tooth position of VTMs demonstrated clinically acceptable accuracy compared to CBCT scans. Additionally, VTMs can benefit both clinicians and patients by enabling accurate assessment of the inter-radicular space for dental implant placement without repeated CBCT scans.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a life-threatening infection commonly observed in immunocompromised patients, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment. This review evaluates the diagnostic performance of various tests used for PJP diagnosis through a comprehensive literature review. Additionally, we propose a diagnostic algorithm tailored to non-human immunodeficiency virus immunocompromised patients, considering the specific characteristics of current medical resources in Korea.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of impacted teeth (ITs) in orthodontic patients at university dental hospitals in Korea. Methods: This study included 14,774 patients who visited the Department of Orthodontics at 10 university dental hospitals in Korea between 2020 and 2022 and underwent orthodontic diagnosis. The prevalence and characteristics of ITs were investigated using orthodontic diagnostic records, radiographs, and diagnostic casts. Results: The prevalence of ITs, excluding third molar impaction, in Korean orthodontic patients was 13.6% (n = 2,014).The prevalence of ITs in pediatric orthodontic patients was 24.5% (n = 1,614).Of these patients, 68.2% had one IT, 27.5% had two ITs, 24.3% had bilateral IT, and 75.7% had unilateral IT. The most frequent IT was the maxillary canine (50.1%), followed by the mandibular second molar (11.7%), and maxillary second premolar (9.6%). An abnormal eruption path (46.5%) was the most frequent etiology. Orthodontic traction after surgical exposure (70.6%) was the most frequent treatment option. Among the patients with ITs, 29.8% had other dental anomalies, such as tooth agenesis (8.7%), microdontia (8.0%), and supernumerary teeth (5.1%). Furthermore, 50.8% had complications such as cystic lesions (18.3%), transposition (17.7%), and root resorption (14.8%).Among the patients with maxillary canine impaction, 62.2% had labial maxillary canine impaction and 21.1% had palatal maxillary canine impaction. Conclusions The prevalence of ITs in Korean orthodontic patients at university dental hospitals was high, particularly in pediatric orthodontic patients.

Objective: To propose the utilization of virtual tooth models (VTMs) created by combining tooth root data from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and crown data gathered through intraoral scanning to assess inter-root distance and angulation during orthodontic treatment when repeated radiographic monitoring becomes necessary. Methods: Patients with planned dental implant placement in edentulous areas during or after orthodontic treatment and who underwent intraoral and CBCT scans at the pretreatment and posttreatment stages were selected. Tooth models were fabricated by merging intraorally scanned crowns with the corresponding CBCT-scanned roots from the pretreatment. Tooth positions posttreatment was estimated by integrating models into posttreatment intraoral scans. Moreover, the actual positions were obtained from posttreatment CBCTs. Discrepancies in the estimated and actual tooth positions, including interradicular distances and inter-root angulations, were compared. Results: The minimum inter-radicular distance between two adjacent teeth demonstrated no significant difference between the estimated and actual tooth positions. The difference in inter-root angulation was not statistically significant. Most interradicular distances measured at each landmark revealed no significant differences between the estimated and actual tooth positions, except at the buccolingual midpoint of the cemento-enamel junction, where a slight discrepancy was observed. Conclusions The tooth position of VTMs demonstrated clinically acceptable accuracy compared to CBCT scans. Additionally, VTMs can benefit both clinicians and patients by enabling accurate assessment of the inter-radicular space for dental implant placement without repeated CBCT scans.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of impacted teeth (ITs) in orthodontic patients at university dental hospitals in Korea. Methods: This study included 14,774 patients who visited the Department of Orthodontics at 10 university dental hospitals in Korea between 2020 and 2022 and underwent orthodontic diagnosis. The prevalence and characteristics of ITs were investigated using orthodontic diagnostic records, radiographs, and diagnostic casts. Results: The prevalence of ITs, excluding third molar impaction, in Korean orthodontic patients was 13.6% (n = 2,014).The prevalence of ITs in pediatric orthodontic patients was 24.5% (n = 1,614).Of these patients, 68.2% had one IT, 27.5% had two ITs, 24.3% had bilateral IT, and 75.7% had unilateral IT. The most frequent IT was the maxillary canine (50.1%), followed by the mandibular second molar (11.7%), and maxillary second premolar (9.6%). An abnormal eruption path (46.5%) was the most frequent etiology. Orthodontic traction after surgical exposure (70.6%) was the most frequent treatment option. Among the patients with ITs, 29.8% had other dental anomalies, such as tooth agenesis (8.7%), microdontia (8.0%), and supernumerary teeth (5.1%). Furthermore, 50.8% had complications such as cystic lesions (18.3%), transposition (17.7%), and root resorption (14.8%).Among the patients with maxillary canine impaction, 62.2% had labial maxillary canine impaction and 21.1% had palatal maxillary canine impaction. Conclusions The prevalence of ITs in Korean orthodontic patients at university dental hospitals was high, particularly in pediatric orthodontic patients.

Objective: To propose the utilization of virtual tooth models (VTMs) created by combining tooth root data from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and crown data gathered through intraoral scanning to assess inter-root distance and angulation during orthodontic treatment when repeated radiographic monitoring becomes necessary. Methods: Patients with planned dental implant placement in edentulous areas during or after orthodontic treatment and who underwent intraoral and CBCT scans at the pretreatment and posttreatment stages were selected. Tooth models were fabricated by merging intraorally scanned crowns with the corresponding CBCT-scanned roots from the pretreatment. Tooth positions posttreatment was estimated by integrating models into posttreatment intraoral scans. Moreover, the actual positions were obtained from posttreatment CBCTs. Discrepancies in the estimated and actual tooth positions, including interradicular distances and inter-root angulations, were compared. Results: The minimum inter-radicular distance between two adjacent teeth demonstrated no significant difference between the estimated and actual tooth positions. The difference in inter-root angulation was not statistically significant. Most interradicular distances measured at each landmark revealed no significant differences between the estimated and actual tooth positions, except at the buccolingual midpoint of the cemento-enamel junction, where a slight discrepancy was observed. Conclusions The tooth position of VTMs demonstrated clinically acceptable accuracy compared to CBCT scans. Additionally, VTMs can benefit both clinicians and patients by enabling accurate assessment of the inter-radicular space for dental implant placement without repeated CBCT scans.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a condition in which an intramural hematoma within the coronary artery leads to acute coronary syndrome without atherosclerosis, trauma, or iatrogenic causes. It predominantly affects middle-aged women and is associated with several predisposing conditions, including fibromuscular dysplasia, systemic inflammatory disorders, connective tissue diseases, and coronary artery spasms. We report the case of a 64-year-old male with a history of hypertension who died of SCAD. His death occurred suddenly and without preceding trauma while the decedent was working overtime at a construction site. On gross examination, a thrombus-like material was identified in a branch of the left anterior descending artery and was initially presumed to be a postmortem clot. However, microscopic examination revealed an intramural hemorrhage, medial dissection, and formation of a false lumen within the coronary artery. This case report highlights the importance of a thorough histopathological examination of the coronary arteries during autopsy, even in the absence of atherosclerosis.