PURPOSE: Psychometric properties of the overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB-q) were recently examined. However, since the cross-cultural adaptation of a non-English version of the OAB-q has never been demonstrated, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a Korean version of the OAB-q in a Korean population with OAB. METHODS: A prospective cohort study involving 116 women with 58 OAB and 58 control subjects was performed and convergent validity was assessed. Total and subscale OAB-q scores of the control and OAB groups were compared to their sensitivity to score changes before and after administering anti-cholinergic medication for 12 weeks. Short form 36 and King's health questionnaire (KHQ) were also used for comparison or correlation. RESULTS: Assessment of face validity showed that the Korean version of the OAB-q was reasonable with OAB-q subscale scores being significantly different between the control and patient groups. Significant correlation (range, -0.29 to -0.81) was found between the OAB-q scores and KHQ results for the OAB patients. Cronbach's alpha coefficients (range, 0.77 to 0.95) indicated excellent internal consistency and test-retest analysis involving 35 OAB patients showed that each questions as well as subscale scores were reproducible. Each score of OAB-q also showed statistically significant sensitivity to changes following anti-muscarinic treatment for OAB (n=27, P<0.001 except for social, P=0.059). CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of the OAB-q is a valid and reliable instrument to measure outcomes in Korean patients with OAB.
Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Psychometrics ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the cervical range of motion (ROM) of cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients, before and after open door laminoplasty. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Majority of the cases regarding the change of cervical range of motion after cervical laminoplasty showed decreased range of motion, and the results were diverse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 487 patients, who underwent open door laminoplasty at our hospital from March 1997 to March 2008, 98 had been followed for at least 2 years and had cervical flexion-extension lateral x-rays. In all patients, open door laminoplasty involved at least three segments: three, four, and five segments in 11, 52, and 35 patients, respectively. In previous cases, fixation involved sutures using suture anchors. The lordosis or kyphosis between C2 and C7 was analyzed using cervical flexion-extension lateral radiographs before and 2 years after the operation. RESULTS: The average patient age was 62.7 (range 32-82) years; 65 patients were male and 33 were female. From preoperatively to postoperatively, the average kyphosis of cervical flexion decreased from 10.7degrees to 7.8degrees, average lordosis decreased from 21.2degrees to 14.2degrees, and cervical ROM decreased from 31.9degrees to 22.0degrees, respectively (mean 9.9degrees, 31.0%). CONCLUSIONS: We could observe decreased cervical range of motion after cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathic patients. Thus, the treatment to prevent the postoperative decrease of cervical range of motion and further study to find a new treatment are thought to be essential.
Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spine ; Suture Anchors ; Sutures

PURPOSE: The endoscopic surgery has been widely used and developed in operations of the thyroid and parathyroid gland because of the cosmetic advantage and the development of laparoscopic instrument. Since the first endoscopic thyroid surgery in late 1990's, many endoscopic operations for thyroid tumors have been performed in Korea. The authors analyzed the current status of endoscopic thyroid surgery performed in Korea. METHODS: We have collected and analyzed the data of endoscopic thyroid operations using survey. RESULTS: The surgeons working in 16 hospitals answered the questions in survey. The total endoscopic thyroid operations were performed over 1,200 cases until the end of 2004. In the pathologic diagnosis, nodular hyperplasia was most frequent in 64.5%. The axillary approach was most frequently applied in 9 hospitals (56.2%). Most of endoscopic thyroid operations were performed in 2~3 hours. The operation time was decreased according to the experience. The endoscopic surgery for malignant tumors were also performed in 11 hospitals, The hospital stay was usually 3~4 days. The most common complications in endoscopic thyroid surgery were temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and anteior chest wall discomfort or paresthesia. The most common reason for conversion to conventional surgery was the intraoperative diagnosis as for a malignancy. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic thyroid surgery has been perfomed in many hospitals not only special thyroid clinic in Korea. The operation cases are increasing rapidly in these days. According to the development of technique and instrument, the endoscopic surgery are applied to various neck disease involving malignancy. The safety and efficacy of endoscopic surgery for malignancy should be further evaluated with accumulation of experience of endoscopic operation and long term follow-up of thyroid cancer patients.
Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Korea* ; Length of Stay ; Neck ; Paralysis ; Parathyroid Glands ; Paresthesia ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Surgeons ; Thoracic Wall ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy*

Imatinib-mesylate (Gleevec, Glivec) is a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase created by the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality in CML. Imatinib is also used to treat patients with c-kit (CD 117)-positive unresectable tumors, or metastatic malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors, or both. Imatinib is a well- tolerated drug with few side effects. However, it has been associated with gastrointestinal irritation, fluid retention and edema, skin rashes, depigmentation, hepatotoxicity, hemorrhage, and hematological toxicity (anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia). In addition, imatinib has been associated with dyspnea and cough, which are mainly secondary to the pleural effusion and pulmonary edema, which represent local or general fluid retention. These events appear to be dose related and are more common encountered in the elderly. However, there has been no report of hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with imatinib-mesylate in Korea. We report a case of 51-year old woman who developed hypersensitivity pneumonitis that might have been induced by imatinib-mesylate during the treatment of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
Aged ; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic* ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Neutropenia ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Pleural Effusion ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Pulmonary Edema ; Imatinib Mesylate

PURPOSE: To conduct a nationwide survery on the principles in radiotherapy for rectal cancer, and develop the framework of a database of Korean Patterns of Care Study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consensus committee was established to develop a tool for measuring the patterns in radiotherapy protocols for rectal cancer. The panel was composed of radiation oncologists from 18 hospitals in Seoul Metropolitan area. The committee developed a survey format to analyze radiation oncologist's treatment principles for rectal cancer. The survey items developed for measuring the treatment principles were composed of 1) 8 eligibility criteria, 2) 20 items for staging work-ups and prognostic factors, 3) 7 items for principles of combined surgery and chemotherapy, 4) 9 patient set-ups, 5) 19 determining radiation fields, 6) 5 radiotherapy treatment plans, 7) 4 physical/laboratory examination to monitor a patient's condition during treatment, and 8) 10 follow-up evaluations. These items were sent to radiation oncologists in charge of gastrointestinal malignancies in all hospitals (48 hospitals) in Korea to which 30 replies were received (63%). RESULTS: Most of the survey items were replied to without no major differences between the repliers, but with the following items only 50% of repliers were in agreement:1) indications of preoperative radiation, 2) use of endorectal ultrasound, CT scan, and bone scan for staging work-ups, 3) principles of combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy, 4) use of contrast material for small bowel delineation during simulation, 5) determination of field margins, and 6) use of CEA and colonoscopy for follow-up evaluations. CONCLUSION: The items where considerable disagreement was shown among the radiation oncologists seemed to make no serious difference in the treatment outcome, but a practical and reasonable consensus should be reached by the committee, with logical processes of agreement. These items can be used for a basic database for the Patterns of Care Study, which will survey the practical radiotherapy patterns for rectal cancer in Korea.
Colonoscopy ; Consensus ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Logic ; Radiotherapy ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Seoul ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension(SIH) is a rare condition presented with cardinal postural headache and low CSF pressure. The authors describe the characteristic clinical features, imaging findings, and treatment methods in the patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. METHODS: Between May 1994 and Aug. 2001, eight patients were diagnosed with spontaneous intracranial hypotension based on characteristic radiologic and clinical findings in our department. All cases were shown diffuse meningeal enhancement(DME) on magnetic resonance(MR) image. Two cases had subdural hematoma. RESULTS: The most characteristic feature on Brain MR image is DME with/without subdural fluid collection. Radionuclide image reveals direct leaking point and rapid appearance of urinary bladder activity. Direct leaking points were detected in all four cases who performed radioisotope study. Autologous epidural blood patches were applied to four cases, and all of them were improved without complication. Among four patients treated with conservative method, three were improved, but one patient was died of spontaneous chronic subdural hematoma. CONCLUSION: We suggest that 1) meticulous studies need to be performed aggressively if SIH is diagnosed clinically and radiologically, 2) the most effective study may be radioisotope study, and 3) if leaking point is found, aggressive management such as autologous epidural blood patches is recommended.
Blood Patch, Epidural ; Brain ; Headache ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic ; Humans ; Intracranial Hypotension* ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the safety of TME with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation in male rectal cancer patients in terms of voiding and sexual function. METHODS: We performed uroflowmetry using Urodyn (Dantec, Denmark) and a standard questionnaire employing the IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) and the IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) pre- and postoperatively in 68 male rectal cancer patients. RESULTS: There were significant differences of mean maximal flow rate and voided volume before and after surgery (18.9+/-5.7 vs 13.7+/-7.0, 240+/-91.9 vs 143+/-78, P<0.05, P<0.05), respectively. But, there was no difference of residual volume before and after surgery (4.4 2.6 vs 8.1 4.4, P>0.05). The total IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) was increased after surgery from 6.2+/-5.8 to 9.8+/-5.9 (P<0.05). There were no changes of score for one of each seven IPSS items in from 49 patients (73.5 percent) to 61 patients (89.7 percent). Five IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) domain score (erectile function, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, sexual desire and overall satisfaction) was statistically decreased after surgery (18.2+/-9.3 vs 13.5+/-9.0, 8.4+/-4.2 vs. 4.4+/-2.9, 5.8+/-2.9, vs. 4.4+/-2.9, 6.1+/-2.4 vs. 4.8+/-2.0, 6.1+/-2.2 vs. 4.5+/-2.3, P<0.05, respectively. Erection was possible in 55 patients (80.9 percent), but penetration ability was possible in 51 patients (75 percent). Complete inability for erection and intercourse was observed in 3 patients (5.5 percent). Retrograde ejaculation was noted in 9 patients (13.2 percent). IIEF domains such as sexual desire and overall satisfaction were markedly decreased in 39 patients (57.4 percent), 43 patients (63.2 percent), respectively. Multiple regression analysis of factors affecting postoperative sexual dysfunction showed that over 60 years (sexual desire: P=0.019), within 6 months (erectile function: P=0.04, intercourse satisfaction: P=0.011, orgasmic function: P=0.03), lower rectal cancer (erectile function: P=0.02, intercourse satisfaction: P=0.036, orgasmic function: P=0.027) were significant factors. CONCLUSIONS: TME with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation technique showed a safety and comparable data in preserving sexual and voiding function. The IPSS and IIEF questionnaire were useful and more investigative in assessing urinary and sexual function.
Autonomic Pathways* ; Ejaculation ; Humans ; Male* ; Orgasm ; Prostate ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Residual Volume

Fournier's gangrene is life-threatening disease characterized by abrupt onset of a rapidly progressive necrotizing soft tissue infection involving the perineum and scrotum. In Fournier's original descriptions, the disease arose in healthy subjects without an obvious cause. Despite controversy still surrounds its etiology, current studies identify definite urologic and colorectal causes with its combined disease in a majority of cases. We experienced cases of large scrotal and perineal defect caused by Fournier's gangrene. Aggressive and extensive debridement with a parenteral broad spectrum antimicrobial agents was executed at the important points to the treatment. The patient also received adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen was discussed. After control of infection and unavoidable loss of soft tissue, the major concern following Fournier's gangrene lies on the protection of the testicles and adequate volumetric scrotal appearance. The defect was successfully reconstructed with unilateral or bilateral gracilis muscle flap transposition and split- thickness skin graft. We present this article utilizing bilateral gracilis muscle flaps as an acceptable alternative in the approach to scrotal reconstruction in Fournier's gangrene.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Debridement ; Fournier Gangrene* ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Oxygen ; Perineum ; Scrotum ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Testis ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Animals ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Rats* ; Singapore*

No abstract available.
Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Spine*