Purpose: Lecture-based teaching is widely used in preclinical medical education, offering a systematic way to deliver complex information efficiently. However, its effectiveness heavily relies on the instructional behaviors of lecturers. Despite its importance, limited research has explored the specific differences between effective and ineffective teaching behaviors perceived by students. This study aims to analyze these behaviors systematically to provide actionable insights for enhancing teaching competencies. Methods: This study surveyed 92 first-year medical students to evaluate effective and ineffective teaching behaviors. A 30-item questionnaire was developed based on existing literature. Data analysis included descriptive statistics to rank teaching behaviors and chi-square tests to examine their correlations. Results: Effective behaviors included appropriate voice volume, clear pronunciation, error-free lecture materials, clear explanations of learning objectives, and humor. Ineffective behaviors were poor voice clarity, insufficient summarization, lack of follow-up session introductions, absence of online resources, and poor interaction. Significant relationships between effective and ineffective behaviors were observed in some items. Conclusion The study highlights those effective behaviors, such as recalling prior learning, utilizing materials, and engaging students, enhance learning outcomes. Faculty development should focus on avoiding ineffective behaviors for novice faculty and reinforcing effective ones for mid-career faculty to improve teaching quality in medical education.

Purpose: Lecture-based teaching is widely used in preclinical medical education, offering a systematic way to deliver complex information efficiently. However, its effectiveness heavily relies on the instructional behaviors of lecturers. Despite its importance, limited research has explored the specific differences between effective and ineffective teaching behaviors perceived by students. This study aims to analyze these behaviors systematically to provide actionable insights for enhancing teaching competencies. Methods: This study surveyed 92 first-year medical students to evaluate effective and ineffective teaching behaviors. A 30-item questionnaire was developed based on existing literature. Data analysis included descriptive statistics to rank teaching behaviors and chi-square tests to examine their correlations. Results: Effective behaviors included appropriate voice volume, clear pronunciation, error-free lecture materials, clear explanations of learning objectives, and humor. Ineffective behaviors were poor voice clarity, insufficient summarization, lack of follow-up session introductions, absence of online resources, and poor interaction. Significant relationships between effective and ineffective behaviors were observed in some items. Conclusion The study highlights those effective behaviors, such as recalling prior learning, utilizing materials, and engaging students, enhance learning outcomes. Faculty development should focus on avoiding ineffective behaviors for novice faculty and reinforcing effective ones for mid-career faculty to improve teaching quality in medical education.

Purpose: Lecture-based teaching is widely used in preclinical medical education, offering a systematic way to deliver complex information efficiently. However, its effectiveness heavily relies on the instructional behaviors of lecturers. Despite its importance, limited research has explored the specific differences between effective and ineffective teaching behaviors perceived by students. This study aims to analyze these behaviors systematically to provide actionable insights for enhancing teaching competencies. Methods: This study surveyed 92 first-year medical students to evaluate effective and ineffective teaching behaviors. A 30-item questionnaire was developed based on existing literature. Data analysis included descriptive statistics to rank teaching behaviors and chi-square tests to examine their correlations. Results: Effective behaviors included appropriate voice volume, clear pronunciation, error-free lecture materials, clear explanations of learning objectives, and humor. Ineffective behaviors were poor voice clarity, insufficient summarization, lack of follow-up session introductions, absence of online resources, and poor interaction. Significant relationships between effective and ineffective behaviors were observed in some items. Conclusion The study highlights those effective behaviors, such as recalling prior learning, utilizing materials, and engaging students, enhance learning outcomes. Faculty development should focus on avoiding ineffective behaviors for novice faculty and reinforcing effective ones for mid-career faculty to improve teaching quality in medical education.

Purpose: Lecture-based teaching is widely used in preclinical medical education, offering a systematic way to deliver complex information efficiently. However, its effectiveness heavily relies on the instructional behaviors of lecturers. Despite its importance, limited research has explored the specific differences between effective and ineffective teaching behaviors perceived by students. This study aims to analyze these behaviors systematically to provide actionable insights for enhancing teaching competencies. Methods: This study surveyed 92 first-year medical students to evaluate effective and ineffective teaching behaviors. A 30-item questionnaire was developed based on existing literature. Data analysis included descriptive statistics to rank teaching behaviors and chi-square tests to examine their correlations. Results: Effective behaviors included appropriate voice volume, clear pronunciation, error-free lecture materials, clear explanations of learning objectives, and humor. Ineffective behaviors were poor voice clarity, insufficient summarization, lack of follow-up session introductions, absence of online resources, and poor interaction. Significant relationships between effective and ineffective behaviors were observed in some items. Conclusion The study highlights those effective behaviors, such as recalling prior learning, utilizing materials, and engaging students, enhance learning outcomes. Faculty development should focus on avoiding ineffective behaviors for novice faculty and reinforcing effective ones for mid-career faculty to improve teaching quality in medical education.

Background: s/Aims: The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is classified as the advanced stage (BCLC stage C) with extremely poor prognosis, and in current guidelines is recommended for systemic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and long-term prognosis after hepatic resection (HR) for patients who have HCC combined with PVTT. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 332 patients who underwent HR for HCC with PVTT at ten tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea. Results: The median overall and recurrence-free survival after HR were 32.4 and 8.6 months, while the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 75%, 48%, and 39%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, tumor number, tumor size, AFP, PIVKA−II, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade were significant prognostic factors. The risk scoring was developed using these seven factors–tumor, inflammation and hepatic function (TIF), to predict patient prognosis. The prognosis of the patients was well stratified according to the scores (log-rank test, p < 0.001). Conclusions HR for patients who have HCC combined with PVTT provided favorable survival outcomes. The risk scoring was useful in predicting prognosis, and determining the appropriate treatment strategy for those patients who have HCC with PVTT.

Lateral spinal artery (LSA) aneurysms are extremely rare lesions that can rupture and cause subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) even though the spinal arteries communicate directly with the subarachnoid space. To date, six cases of LSA aneurysms have been reported in the literature. Herein, three such cases are reported. All patients presented to the emergency department with headaches. The patients in the first two cases were confirmed to have SAH and LSA aneurysms on a brain computed tomography (CT) angiography performed at the hospital. Two patients had prior instances of cerebral infarction and coronary disease, respectively, and were undergoing antiplatelet therapy. The antiplatelet medication was stopped for 2 weeks and 1 week, respectively, while conservative care was provided. Subsequently, a suboccipital craniectomy was performed, followed by aneurysm clipping. Following the surgery, both patients were discharged without any significant neurological deficits. Regarding the third patient, no aneurysm was found on brain CT angiography, and cerebral angiography was performed during the patient’s hospital stay. She was hospitalized, where she received medication and conservative care, and was discharged with an improvement in bleeding without neurological symptoms. Subsequently, a LSA aneurysm was identified on a brain CT angiography performed at an outpatient clinic; however, the patient was transferred because she wanted to be treated at another hospital. LSA aneurysms are difficult to visualize using CT angiography; therefore, careful angiographic studies are required. Surgical clipping is the treatment of choice if the aneurysm is inaccessible by the endovascular treatment.

Background: This study aims to investigate the frequency of distal femoral and popliteal arterial calcification and to evaluate the intraoperative and postoperative effects of arterial calcification in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty using a tourniquet. Methods: The records of 5,438 patients who had undergone primary total knee arthroplasty between January 2003 and January 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. We examined the preoperative radiographs of the knee from all patients for calcifications of the femoral and popliteal arteries. Vascular calcification was identified on preoperative radiographs in 223 cases. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were investigated among these patients. Postoperative complications were analyzed from the time of surgery to the last follow-up (minimum 1-year follow-up). Results: Vascular calcification of the arteries around the knee was found in 223 cases (4.1%). The mean patient age was 70.6 years in the non-calcification group and 73.8 years in the calcification group (p > 0.05). The calcification group was classified into medial, intimal, or mixed subgroups according to the morphology of calcification on preoperative radiographs. The medial type included 46 cases (20.6%); intimal type, 161 cases (72.2%); and mixed type, 16 cases (2.7%). There was no statistically significant difference in demographic and surgical data among the three groups. There were intraoperative complications in two cases in the medial type group, both of which involved tourniquet failure. There was also a postoperative complication in one case in the medial type group, which involved wound dehiscence at 2 weeks postoperatively. No other postoperative complications were identified during 1-year follow-up. Conclusions Despite the presence of calcifications in the arteries around the knee, total knee arthroplasty (using a tourniquet) can be performed without serious complications.

The presence of primary intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) without vascular lesion is very rare. We experienced solitary IVH without subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysmal rupture in a 58-year-old man treated with coil embolization, which contributed to his good prognosis. After 33 days of hospitalization, he had mild right hemiplegic symptoms remaining, and he was transferred to a rehabilitation institute for further treatment. In cases of primary IVH, computed tomography angiography seems worthwhile for making a differential diagnosis, although the possibility of IVH due to cerebral aneurysmal rupture is very low. Endovascular intervention is a good option for diagnosis and treatment.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Cerebral Angiography ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Endovascular Procedures ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Rehabilitation ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Tumors with cysts often correlate with gliomas, metastatic tumors, or hemangioblastomas, which require differentiation. METHODS: Thirty-eight cases of cyst associated-meningioma based on preoperative radiologic studies and histologic confirmations were reviewed from November 1998 to July 2017. RESULTS: A total of 395 cases of meningioma were observed in the 20 years, and surgical treatment of intracranial meningioma was performed in 120 cases. Thirty-eight (9.6%) cases of cyst associated meningiomas were analyzed. Nauta type I was the most common type of cyst (39.5%) and the most frequent histopathological subtype was meningothelial type (36.8%). CONCLUSION: Statistically there were no significant associations between meningioma histopathological type and associated cysts; however, the rate of World Health Organization grade II was higher in cyst associated meningiomas than in unrelated meningiomas. This correlation was weak, in accordance with the meningioma grade.
Glioma ; Hemangioblastoma ; Meningioma* ; Neuropathology ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Infections following liver transplant (LT) remain a major cause of mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate risk factors for infection and to review clinical characteristics. METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent LT from 2010 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate risk factors of infection. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to predict prognosis of infected and non-infected groups. RESULTS: Of 185 recipients, 89 patients experienced infectious complications. The median follow-up period was 911 days (range, 9 to 2,031). The infected group had higher 1-year mortality (n = 22 [24.7%] vs. n = 8, [8.3%], p = 0.002), and longer postoperative admission days (mean: 53.7 ± 35.8 days vs. 28.3 ± 13.0 days, p < 0.001), compared to the non-infected group. High preoperative Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (odds ratio [OR], 1.057; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.010 to 1.105; p = 0.016), deceased-donor type (OR, 5.475; 95% CI, 2.442 to 12.279; p < 0.001), and acute rejection (OR, 3.042; 95% CI, 1.241 to 7.454; p = 0.015) were independent risk factors associated with infection. Intra-abdominal infection (n = 35, 20.8%) was the major infectious complication. Among identified bacteria, Enterococcus species (28.4%) were major pathogens, followed by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. CONCLUSIONS: High preoperative MELD score, deceased-donor type, and acute rejection were risk factors associated with infection. To prevent infections following surgery, it is important to determine the appropriate time of operation before the recipient has a high MELD score.
Bacteria ; Enterococcus ; Escherichia coli ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraabdominal Infections ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Klebsiella ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Transplantation ; Liver* ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Transplant Recipients*