This case report explores the therapeutic potential of theta burst stimulation (TBS) for cognitive enhancement in individuals with brain injuries. The study presents a 38-year-old male suffering from an organic mental disorder attributed to a traumatic brain injury (TBI), who demonstrated notable cognitive improvements following an intensive TBS protocol targeting the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. The treatment led to significant enhancements in impulse control, irritability, and verbal comprehension without adverse effects. Neuropsychological assessments and brain imaging post-intervention revealed improvements in short-term memory, abstract reasoning, list-generating fluency, and increased cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that TBS, by promoting neural plasticity and reconfiguring neural networks, offers a promising avenue for cognitive rehabilitation in TBI patients. Further research is warranted to optimize TBS protocols and understand the mechanisms underlying its cognitive benefits.

This case report explores the therapeutic potential of theta burst stimulation (TBS) for cognitive enhancement in individuals with brain injuries. The study presents a 38-year-old male suffering from an organic mental disorder attributed to a traumatic brain injury (TBI), who demonstrated notable cognitive improvements following an intensive TBS protocol targeting the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. The treatment led to significant enhancements in impulse control, irritability, and verbal comprehension without adverse effects. Neuropsychological assessments and brain imaging post-intervention revealed improvements in short-term memory, abstract reasoning, list-generating fluency, and increased cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that TBS, by promoting neural plasticity and reconfiguring neural networks, offers a promising avenue for cognitive rehabilitation in TBI patients. Further research is warranted to optimize TBS protocols and understand the mechanisms underlying its cognitive benefits.

This case report explores the therapeutic potential of theta burst stimulation (TBS) for cognitive enhancement in individuals with brain injuries. The study presents a 38-year-old male suffering from an organic mental disorder attributed to a traumatic brain injury (TBI), who demonstrated notable cognitive improvements following an intensive TBS protocol targeting the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. The treatment led to significant enhancements in impulse control, irritability, and verbal comprehension without adverse effects. Neuropsychological assessments and brain imaging post-intervention revealed improvements in short-term memory, abstract reasoning, list-generating fluency, and increased cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that TBS, by promoting neural plasticity and reconfiguring neural networks, offers a promising avenue for cognitive rehabilitation in TBI patients. Further research is warranted to optimize TBS protocols and understand the mechanisms underlying its cognitive benefits.

This case report explores the therapeutic potential of theta burst stimulation (TBS) for cognitive enhancement in individuals with brain injuries. The study presents a 38-year-old male suffering from an organic mental disorder attributed to a traumatic brain injury (TBI), who demonstrated notable cognitive improvements following an intensive TBS protocol targeting the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. The treatment led to significant enhancements in impulse control, irritability, and verbal comprehension without adverse effects. Neuropsychological assessments and brain imaging post-intervention revealed improvements in short-term memory, abstract reasoning, list-generating fluency, and increased cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that TBS, by promoting neural plasticity and reconfiguring neural networks, offers a promising avenue for cognitive rehabilitation in TBI patients. Further research is warranted to optimize TBS protocols and understand the mechanisms underlying its cognitive benefits.

Objective To investigate the profile of common oral diseases in the Inner Mongolia region and the im-pact on local residents,and to obtain a clear picture of technology availability for local oral physicians and their needs for oral medical training.This will provide an important basis for optimizing the content of continuing educa-tion program and the direction of counterpart assistance in order to improve the technical level of local oral physi-cians and the practicality of oral medical teaching.Methods The study selected oral physicians from the Inner Mongolia region as subjects and designed a questionnaire to explore the current status of oral diseases and the training needs of oral physicians in this area.The chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method was used for statistical testing.Results Data collected from the survey questionnaires of 181 oral physicians in the Inner Mongolia region indicated that 56.83%of physicians were engaged in routine oral medicine,reaching 56.83%.Dental caries and peri-odontitis were the most common oral diseases in the region(70.37%and 65.74%respec-tively).The most common impacts of these diseases on patients were pain and discomfort.In terms of clinical skills,diagnostic imaging skills,oral examination skills and root canal therapy were the most important as the ob-jective of training there were 70.17%of respondents expressed expectation to get the learning and training opportu-nity for new technologies and methods.Conclusions Continuing education programs and specific targeted assistance projects should focus on strengthening basic professional training for dental practitioners in Inner Mongolia and the promotion of capacity building in the field of healthcare and promotion of oral health in the region.

In light of the professional characteristics of oral medicine,oral medical students may be challenged with higher medical risks during the clinical internship stage.This article analyzes the potential risk factors in the process of oral medicine internships and proposes corresponding preventive strategies,aiming to ensure medical safety and promote the healthy development of medical students.

Objective To evaluate the application of modified chairside case-based learning(CBL)in the teaching of dental residents in the prosthodontic clinic.Methods Dental residents in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2022 to September 2024 were enrolled.Traditional CBL was conducted in control group.Modified chairside CBL was conducted in test group.The scores of department rotation examination and questionnaire results were analyzed with t-test statistical analysis.Results The score of"patient reception"in test group was significantly higher than control group(P＜0.05).24 valid questionnaires were collected in two groups each.The rate of approval in test group was significantly higher than control group in the following items of questionnaire,including"reduce learning pressure or burden""improve the capacity of doctor-patient communication""improve the capacity of literature review""improve the capacity of group cooperation"(P＜0.05).Conclusions Modified chairside CBL has showed good teaching effects in improving the capacity of patient reception,doctor-patient communication,literature review,group cooperation,and meanwhile reduced learning pressure or burden.

Objective To explore the need and evaluate the effectiveness for head-simulator in the teaching of sto-matology within the eight-year program of clinical medicine.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among the students from 2017 cohort of the eight-year program of clinical medicine at Peking Union Medical College.The survey results were statistically analyzed and described.Results Totally 87.9％of the students believed that incor-porating head-simulator into the clinical practice course of stomatology were necessary,and 93.9％expressed will-ingness to join the training.Most students preferred to practice peri-odontal scaling and cavity preparation for caries during the simulated training sessions.The majority of students considered two or four class hours of simulated head teaching to be reasonable.The pilot head simulation training was successfully implemented;75.0％of the students acknowledged clear teaching and convincible demonstrations.All the trainees agreed that the head simulation course helped them better understand stomatology knowledge,stimulated their interest in learning and expressed a desire for increased head simulation sessions during clinical practice course of stomatology.Additionally,87.5％of the students preferred head simulation training course to be applied in classic clinical clerkships.Conclusions There is strong demand among students of eight-year program of clinical medicine for incorporating head-simulator into the education of stomatology.The pilot simulation training received positive evaluations.Further exploration is needed to optimize specific scheduling and content arrangement.

BACKGROUND:Metal-organic framework is an emerging porous material composed of metal nodes and organic ligands.Metal-organic frameworks can be both intrinsic photodynamic or photothermal and modified by photothermal agents or photosensitizers.Upon light irradiation,phototherapy effects are exerted through production of reactive oxygen species or rise in temperature,which is widely applied to antitumor and antibacterial treatments.When metal-organic frameworks possess both of above phototherapeutic effects,they can exert a synergistic therapeutic effect to compensate for the shortcomings of using a single phototherapy method.OBJECTIVE:To summarize recent proposed photodynamic-thermal synergistic strategies according to different structures of metal-organic frameworks,to provide new insights into the structural design,functionalization,and clinical scenarios of combined therapy metal-organic frameworks.METHODS:Using"metal-organic frameworks,photodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy"as Chinese search terms and"metal-organic frameworks,photodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy,phototherapy"as English search terms,articles were searched on PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,CNKI,and WanFang databases.Finally,76 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The combination of photothermal and photodynamic therapy has been shown to exert a synergistic effect.(2)Current strategies for combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy predominantly involve the modifying of metal-organic frameworks to impart photothermal and photodynamic properties,encapsulating phototherapeutic agents within metal-organic frameworks,forming core-shell structures with phototherapeutic agents and metal-organic frameworks,in-situ reduction of phototherapeutic agents within metal-organic frameworks,adhering phototherapeutic agents to metal-organic framework surfaces,and unique modification methods like pyrolyzing metal-organic frameworks to form metal-organic frameworks-derived carbon materials.(3)To construct metal-organic framework structures for specific phototherapy,it is essential to comprehensively consider the type,size,and binding of the phototherapeutic agents and metal-organic frameworks,and select different synthesis strategies accordingly.Encapsulation is a straightforward synthesis approach but is only suitable for small-sized phototherapeutic agents.Core-shell structures are stable,but their synthesis process is relatively complex.In situ reduction does not impose special restrictions on the size of phototherapeutic agents,but it is challenging to precisely control the growth of the phototherapeutic agents within the metal-organic frameworks.Surface attachment offers a simple synthesis step,but it cannot prevent the early aggregation and quenching of phototherapeutic agents.Surface attachment requires stringent conditions and can only be implemented with specific metal-organic frameworks.(4)The existing photothermal and photodynamic combined therapy approaches have been primarily applied in antimicrobial and antitumor treatments,demonstrating remarkable efficacy.The specific applications are related to the properties of the phototherapeutic agents and metal-organic frameworks.A minority of applications extend to rheumatoid arthritis and anticoagulation thrombolysis treatments,indicating a broad potential application scope.(5)The clinical translation of photothermal and photosensitizing agents is currently in its nascent stage,facing key challenges that include the evaluation of biocompatibility and biosafety,optimization of laser irradiation parameters,and the development of efficient methods for large-scale synthesis.

BACKGROUND:Metal-organic framework is an emerging porous material composed of metal nodes and organic ligands.Metal-organic frameworks can be both intrinsic photodynamic or photothermal and modified by photothermal agents or photosensitizers.Upon light irradiation,phototherapy effects are exerted through production of reactive oxygen species or rise in temperature,which is widely applied to antitumor and antibacterial treatments.When metal-organic frameworks possess both of above phototherapeutic effects,they can exert a synergistic therapeutic effect to compensate for the shortcomings of using a single phototherapy method.OBJECTIVE:To summarize recent proposed photodynamic-thermal synergistic strategies according to different structures of metal-organic frameworks,to provide new insights into the structural design,functionalization,and clinical scenarios of combined therapy metal-organic frameworks.METHODS:Using"metal-organic frameworks,photodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy"as Chinese search terms and"metal-organic frameworks,photodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy,phototherapy"as English search terms,articles were searched on PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,CNKI,and WanFang databases.Finally,76 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The combination of photothermal and photodynamic therapy has been shown to exert a synergistic effect.(2)Current strategies for combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy predominantly involve the modifying of metal-organic frameworks to impart photothermal and photodynamic properties,encapsulating phototherapeutic agents within metal-organic frameworks,forming core-shell structures with phototherapeutic agents and metal-organic frameworks,in-situ reduction of phototherapeutic agents within metal-organic frameworks,adhering phototherapeutic agents to metal-organic framework surfaces,and unique modification methods like pyrolyzing metal-organic frameworks to form metal-organic frameworks-derived carbon materials.(3)To construct metal-organic framework structures for specific phototherapy,it is essential to comprehensively consider the type,size,and binding of the phototherapeutic agents and metal-organic frameworks,and select different synthesis strategies accordingly.Encapsulation is a straightforward synthesis approach but is only suitable for small-sized phototherapeutic agents.Core-shell structures are stable,but their synthesis process is relatively complex.In situ reduction does not impose special restrictions on the size of phototherapeutic agents,but it is challenging to precisely control the growth of the phototherapeutic agents within the metal-organic frameworks.Surface attachment offers a simple synthesis step,but it cannot prevent the early aggregation and quenching of phototherapeutic agents.Surface attachment requires stringent conditions and can only be implemented with specific metal-organic frameworks.(4)The existing photothermal and photodynamic combined therapy approaches have been primarily applied in antimicrobial and antitumor treatments,demonstrating remarkable efficacy.The specific applications are related to the properties of the phototherapeutic agents and metal-organic frameworks.A minority of applications extend to rheumatoid arthritis and anticoagulation thrombolysis treatments,indicating a broad potential application scope.(5)The clinical translation of photothermal and photosensitizing agents is currently in its nascent stage,facing key challenges that include the evaluation of biocompatibility and biosafety,optimization of laser irradiation parameters,and the development of efficient methods for large-scale synthesis.