Objective To explore the feasibility and reference value of allogeneic lung transplantation and postoperative monitoring in miniature pigs for lung transplantation research. Methods Two miniature pigs (R1 and R2) underwent left lung allogeneic transplantation. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity tests and blood cross-matching were performed before surgery. The main operative times and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂) after opening the pulmonary artery were recorded during surgery. Postoperatively, routine blood tests, biochemical blood indicators and inflammatory factors were detected, and pathological examinations of multiple organs were conducted. Results The complement-dependent cytotoxicity test showed that the survival rate of lymphocytes between donors and recipients was 42.5%-47.3%, and no agglutination reaction occurred in the cross-matching. The first warm ischemia times of D1 and D2 were 17 min and 10 min, respectively, and the cold ischemia times were 246 min and 216 min, respectively. Ultimately, R1 and R2 survived for 1.5 h and 104 h, respectively. Postoperatively, in R1, albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) decreased, and alanine aminotransferase increased; in R2, ALB, GLB and aspartate aminotransferase all increased. Urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased in both recipients. Pathological results showed that in R1, the transplanted lung had partial consolidation with inflammatory cell infiltration, and multiple organs were congested and damaged. In R2, the transplanted lung had severe necrosis with fibrosis, and multiple organs had mild to moderate damage. The expression levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 increased in the transplanted lungs. Conclusions The allogeneic lung transplantation model in miniature pigs may systematically evaluate immunological compatibility, intraoperative function and postoperative organ damage. The data obtained may provide technical references for subsequent lung transplantation research.

ObjectiveTo examine the influences of Shenfu injection on the endogenous metabolic byproducts in the myocardium of the rat model exhibiting chronic heart failure， thus deciphering the therapeutic mechanism of the Qi-reinforcing and Yang-warming method. MethodsSD rats were randomly allocated into a control group and a modeling group. Chronic heart failure with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome in rats was modeled by multi-point subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol， and the rats were fed for 14 days after modeling. The successfully modeled rats were randomized into model， Shenfu injection （6.0 mL·kg^-1）， and trimetazidine （10 mg·kg^-1） groups and treated with corresponding agents for 15 days. The control group and the model group were injected with equal doses of normal saline， and the samples were collected after the intervention was completed. Cardiac color ultrasound was performed. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe histopathological morphology， and the serum level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mitochondrial morphological and structural changes of cardiomyocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy， and the metabolic profiling was carried out by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quantitative exactive-mass spectrometry （UHPLC-QE-MS）. Differential metabolites were screened and identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） and other methods， and then the MetaboAnalyst database was used for further screening. The relevant biological pathways were obtained through pathway enrichment analysis. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was established to evaluate the diagnostic value of each potential biomarker for myocardial injury and the evaluation value for drug efficacy. ResultsThe results of color ultrasound showed that Shenfu Injection improved the cardiac function indexes of model rats （P<0.05）. The results of HE staining showed that Shenfu injection effectively alleviated the pathological phenomena such as myocardial tissue structure disorder and inflammatory cell infiltration in model rats. The results of ELISA showed that Shenfu injection effectively regulated the serum NT-proBNP level in the model rats. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） showed that Shenfu injection effectively restored the mitochondrial morphological structure. The results of metabolomics showed that the metabolic phenotypes of myocardial samples presented markedly differences between groups. Nine differential metabolites could be significantly reversed in the Shenfu injection group， involving three metabolic pathways： pyruvate metabolism， histidine metabolism， and citric acid cycle （TCA cycle）. The results of ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve （AUC） values of all metabolites were between 0.75 and 1.0， indicating that the differential metabolites had high diagnostic accuracy for myocardial injury， and the changes in their expression levels could be used as potential markers for efficacy evaluation. ConclusionShenfu injection significantly alleviated the damage of cardiac function， myocardium， and mitochondrial structure in the rat model of chronic heart failure with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome by ameliorating energy metabolism remodeling. Reinforcing Qi and warming Yang is a key method for treating chronic heart failure with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome.

Over the past two decades, genome-wide association study(GWAS) has identified numerous genetic variants and loci associated with heritable diseases. With the gradual maturation and saturation of GWAS methodologies, transcriptome-wide association study(TWAS) offers a novel perspective by linkinggenetic phenotypes to gene expression levels. By integrating TWAS with other multi-omics analyses, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of heritable diseases. This article provides an overview of recent groundbreaking and representative TWAS methods and tools, analyzes their strengths and limitations, and discusses future trends in TWAS development.

Objective To explore scientific and accurate prediction methods for the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in the post-pandemic era, and to address modeling challenges caused by abnormal fluctuations in case numbers from 2020 to 2023. Methods The seasonal index was used to pre-process the data. The traditional seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, singular spectrum analysis (SSA)-ARIMA model, ARIMA-Long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and SSA-ARIMA-LSTM model were used to fit the incidence from 2013 to 2023, and the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in 2024 was predicted. The real data collected in 2024 were used as the test set to compare the prediction performance of the models. Results The fitting performance of the constructed models was as follows: the ARIMA model had MAE=107.50 and RMSE=144.53, the SSA-ARIMA model showed MAE=2.84 and RMSE=4.33, the ARIMA-LSTM model achieved MAE=99.46 and RMSE=131.59, and the SSA-ARIMA-LSTM model had MAE=96.35 and RMSE=132.13. In terms of prediction performance, the ARIMA model resulted in MAE=151.64 and RMSE=146.70, the SSA-ARIMA model demonstrated MAE=41.22 and RMSE=57.01, the ARIMA-LSTM model yielded MAE=220.75 and RMSE=257.89, and the SSA-ARIMA-LSTM model recorded MAE=58.83 and RMSE=72.06. Conclusion The SSA-ARIMA model has the best fitting degree and the highest prediction accuracy, and is suitable for predicting the incidence trend of hand, foot and mouth disease.

Polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） and its resulting infertility is one of the common diseases of gynecology and reproductive endocrinology. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B（PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway is relatively well-studied in the development of intervention in PCOS， and the experiments on PCOS in rats conducted by traditional Chinese medicine through this signaling pathway is also the main direction of mechanistic research. In this paper， 20 articles published in academic journals in the past 5 years were selected through the corresponding criteria， and the objective situation and existing problems of the selected research projects were analyzed from five aspects， namely， baseline data， modeling and treatment， grouping， evaluative indexes， and pharmacodynamic indexes. It is found that there were different degrees of problems in each research project， such as the observation indicators of modeling， criteria for judging the success of the model， the treatment period， the calculation of dosage of prescription/active ingredients and specific dosage were not clearly defined， which could easily lead the bias of the results or reduce the validity of experimental data. Based on this， the list of PCOS rat experimental research operations was formed， involving five categories of experimental rats， model construction， study implementation， outcome measures and analysis and report with a total of 21 operation lists， with a view to provide a reference for the subsequent PCOS experiments related to scientific research and helping to form high-quality results.

It is believed that there is a pathogenesis of yang deficiency in polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） infertility， and it is concluded that warm-yang method has a better effect in improving endometrial abnormality， enhancing the quality of follicles， correcting endocrine disorders， and resolving or alleviating clinical symptoms in PCOS infertility. Based on Yanghe Decoction （阳和汤）， a representative traditional Chinese medicine decoction for warming yang， Yanghe Xiaonang Decoction （阳和消囊汤） was formulated， combining with warm medicinals according to symptoms， and aerobic exercise was also advocated to help generate and develop yang qi， in order to provide ideas for clinical treatments.

Objective To screen the targets related to the metabolic enzymes involved in the cholesterol synthesis pathway that inhibits the polarization of macrophages towards M1 phenotype,and verify the intervention effects and underlying mechanisms in colorectal cancer cells.Methods Mouse colorectal cancer MC38 cells were divided into control group(si-NC)and experimental groups(the expression of enzymes in cholesterol synthesis pathway was interfered with siRNA for corresponding targets).RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of corresponding targets in MC38 cells after transfection.After peritoneal macrophages were extracted from male C57BL/6 mice(6 weeks old,weighing 13～18 g),the macrophages were then treated with the conditioned media of MC38 cells transfected with different siRNAs for 48 h.RT-qPCR was employed to detect the mRNA levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the macrophages so as to evaluate the effect of the culture media on the M1 polarization.MC38 cells were divided into control groups(OE-NC and sh-NC),farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1(FDFT1)overexpression group(OE-FDFT1)and FDFT1 knockdown group(sh-FDFT1).RT-qPCR was applied to detect the mRNA expression of FDFT1,and Western blotting was conducted to measure the protein level of FDFT1.C57BL/6 mice were subjected randomly to construct a subcutaneous tumor-bearing model and a model of intraperitoneal metastatic tumor(n=5)respectively.The growth of tumor mass was then measured.Flow cytometry was used to observe the proliferation and apoptosis of MC38 cells,and Trans well assay to detect migration ability of MC38 cells.Five C57BL/6 macrophage-depleted mice(established with injection of clodronate liposome suspension through tail vein)received intraperitoneal implantation to construct a metastasis model,and then the obtained tumor masses were then weighted.Results Compared with MC38 cells after si-NC transfection,the mRNA levels of corresponding targets in MC38 cells in the experimental groups were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Significant increases were found in the mRNA levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α of the macrophages with FDFT1 interference than the control cells(P＜0.05).There were no statistical differences in the proliferation,apoptosis and migration of MC38 cells in the control group(OE-NC and sh-NC)and the cells of the FDFT1 overexpression group and FDFT1 knockdown group(P＞0.05).In both the subcutaneous tumor-bearing model and the model of intraperitoneal metastatic tumor,the mass weight was significantly heavier in the OE-FDFT1 group than the OE-NC group(P＜0.01),and was notably smaller in the sh-FDFT1 group than the sh-NC group(P＜0.01).For the macrophage-depleted mouse tumor model,no remarkable change was observed in the tumor weight between the OE-FDFT1 group and the OE-NC group as well as the sh-FDFT1 group and the sh-NC group.Conclusion FDFT1,the metabolic enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway of colorectal cancer tumor cells,is a potential target for tumor immunotherapy targeting macrophages,which promotes tumor progression by regulating macrophages.

Nitrogen dioxide(NO 2)is a prevalent air pollutant that poses significant threats to the environment and human health,emphasizing the urgent need for high-performance NO 2 sensors for effective environmental monitoring at room temperature.Sensors based on metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for gas detection at room temperature,but their long-term stability remains a major challenge.In this study,a methylamine thiocyanate(MT)-doped FA 0.8Cs 0.2PbI 2Br(PVK)gas sensor(MT-PVK)was prepared using a simple one-step spin-coating method and ethyl acetate(EA)anti-solvent extraction technique.The crystalline structure,chemical composition,and particle morphology of the MT-PVK thin film were characterized.The MT-PVK thin film was then utilized as a gas sensor for NO 2 detection at room temperature.The results demonstrated that the sensor exhibited outstanding selectivity and reversibility at low concentrations of NO 2 gas,with a detection limit as low as 33 ppb(10-9,nL/L).For 10 ppm(10-6,μL/L)NO 2,the sensor showed rapid response and recovery time of only 1.6 s and 27 s,outperforming most traditional metal oxide NO 2 sensors.Furthermore,compared to the original PVK,the MT molecules significantly enhanced the structural and sensing stability of the MT-PVK sensor under high humidity conditions(55%±5%).These findings suggested that MT-doped FA 0.8Cs 0.2PbI 2Br perovskite gas sensors offered a promising pathway for the development of rapid-response gas sensing technologies suitable for room temperature operation.

ObjectiveTo explore the pathological mechanism-syndrome-treatment patterns of approved Chinese patent medicines （CPMs） that treat collateral disorders， providing a reference for the principle of "treating different diseases with the same therapy" in collateral pathology. MethodsCPMs that apply treatment strategies based on collateral disorders were identified from the Pharmacodia database by extracting information from the "efficacy" or "indications" sections of drug package inserts. A database was established to extract the names and compositions of the CPMs， as well as their indications， related traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptoms， disease locations （affected areas）， and pathological factors. Frequency statistics were performed. Using the Apriori algorithm， an association rule analysis was conducted on CPMs and disease-location combinations related to the top three most frequent pathological factor combinations. Core formulas for these combinations were identified and analyzed through drug network analysis and MCODE module clustering. ResultsA total of 660 CPMs targeting collateral disorders were retrieved， involving 299 indications， 323 TCM symptoms， 21 disease locations， 19 pathological factors， and 124 pathological factor combinations. The most frequent pathological factor combinations were blood stasis （involved in 109 CPMs， 16.52%）， exogenous wind （外风） -cold-dampness （involved in 43 CPMs， 6.52%）， and qi deficiency-blood stasis （involved in 42 CPMs， 6.36%）. Analysis of the core formulas for these combinations revealed common ingredients such as Honghua （Carthami Flos）， Chuanxiong （Chuanxiong Rhizoma）， Danggui （Angelicae Sinensis Radix）， and Dilong （Pheretima）. ConclusionCollateral disorders involve a wide range of pathogenesis and represent a fundamental mechanism in the onset and development of various diseases， characterized by obstruction and stagnation. The primary therapeutic principle is unblocking of the collaterals. Blood stasis obstructing the collaterals is the core pathological basis， and the strategy of activating blood circulation and resolving stasis to unblock the collaterals should be central to the treatment. The core medication pattern involves combining blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs with insect-derived medicinals that unblock collaterals. Exogenous wind is often the initiating patholo-gical factor in colla-teral disorders， and the appropriate addition of wind-dispelling herbs can enrich the treatment strategies for such conditions.

Objective To analyze the activity concentrations of gross α, gross β, and radionuclides in atmospheric fallout around Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant from 2019 to 2022, and provide foundational scientific data for the healthy development of nuclear energy. Methods Five monitoring sites were set up at different distances (1.2, 6.9, 12.4, 42.3, and 69.2 km) from Daya Bay Nuclear Island 1. Stainless steel sampling barrels were used to collect atmospheric fallout, with a monitoring cycle of three months. The collected samples were ashed using radiochemical method. Subsequently, the gross α and gross β radioactivity were quantified using a low-background α/β measurement instrument. The remaining ash samples were mixed with water and left to equilibrate for over three weeks before γ-nuclide analysis using a low-background, high-purity germanium γ-spectrometer. Results The gross α activity concentration in atmospheric fallout around Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant from 2019 to 2022 averaged (25.3 ± 10.6) Bq/m²/season and ranged from 5.8 to 73.4 Bq/m²/season. The gross α activity concentrations in sampling sites #1 to #5 were 5.8-34.4, 11.9-35.2, 14.4-46.4, 7.2-73.4, and 13.1-43.1 Bq/m²/season, respectively. The gross β activity concentration averaged (50.5 ± 23.4) Bq/m²/season and ranged from 13.9 to 139.3 Bq/m²/season. The gross β activity concentrations of sampling sites #1 to #5 were 17.1-107.4, 17.6-87.5, 25.8-102.0, 13.9-139.3, and 23.4-99.2 Bq/m²/season, resprctively. The activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, ²¹⁰Pb, and ⁷Be in atmospheric fallout were < lower limit of detection (LLD)-4.2, < LLD-5.8, < LLD-6.3, < LLD-42.1, < LLD-514.0, and 35.7-1761.0 Bq/m²/season, respectively. Gross α and gross β activity concentrations were significantly positively correlated with ²¹⁰Pb activity concentration (r=0.770, α < 0.001; r=0.882, α < 0.001, respectively). Gross β activity concentration showed a significant positive correlation with ⁷Be (r=0.833, α < 0.001). The activity concentrations of ⁵⁴Mn, ⁵⁷Co, ⁵⁸Co, ⁶⁰Co, ⁵⁹Fe, ⁹⁵Zr, ¹⁰³Ru, ¹⁰⁶Ru, ^110mAg, ¹³¹I, ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷ Cs, ¹⁴⁰Ba and ¹⁹²Ir were lower than the LLD of the instrument, and no artificial radionuclides were detected. Conclusion The gross α and gross β radioactive activity concentrations in the atmospheric fallout in the surrounding area of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant during 2019-2022 were affected by natural radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be, and were in the normal fluctuation ranges. No artificial radionuclides were found in the atmospheric fallout, and the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant was in a safe and stable state of operation.