Objective To explore the feasibility and reference value of allogeneic lung transplantation and postoperative monitoring in miniature pigs for lung transplantation research. Methods Two miniature pigs (R1 and R2) underwent left lung allogeneic transplantation. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity tests and blood cross-matching were performed before surgery. The main operative times and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂) after opening the pulmonary artery were recorded during surgery. Postoperatively, routine blood tests, biochemical blood indicators and inflammatory factors were detected, and pathological examinations of multiple organs were conducted. Results The complement-dependent cytotoxicity test showed that the survival rate of lymphocytes between donors and recipients was 42.5%-47.3%, and no agglutination reaction occurred in the cross-matching. The first warm ischemia times of D1 and D2 were 17 min and 10 min, respectively, and the cold ischemia times were 246 min and 216 min, respectively. Ultimately, R1 and R2 survived for 1.5 h and 104 h, respectively. Postoperatively, in R1, albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) decreased, and alanine aminotransferase increased; in R2, ALB, GLB and aspartate aminotransferase all increased. Urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased in both recipients. Pathological results showed that in R1, the transplanted lung had partial consolidation with inflammatory cell infiltration, and multiple organs were congested and damaged. In R2, the transplanted lung had severe necrosis with fibrosis, and multiple organs had mild to moderate damage. The expression levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 increased in the transplanted lungs. Conclusions The allogeneic lung transplantation model in miniature pigs may systematically evaluate immunological compatibility, intraoperative function and postoperative organ damage. The data obtained may provide technical references for subsequent lung transplantation research.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of plasma exchange (PE) in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (MG), thereby to provide theoretical support for its application in the treatment of thymoma-associated MG. Methods: A total of 133 patients with thymoma-associated MG admitted from January 2018 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were matched using propensity score to reduce selection bias, yielding 22 matched pairs for both PE group (n=22) and non-PE group (n=22). Patient characteristics including gender, age of disease onset, course of disease, history of thymoma resection, clinical absolute scores [clinical absolute scores (CAS) and clinical relative scores (CRS)], and synchronized immunotherapy regimen of the two groups were analyzed. The CAS scores before and after treatment were compared between the two groups, and the CRS was used to assess the treatment efficiency. Safety of the two treatment regimens were also compared. Continuous variables were compared using the t-test or ANOVA, while categorical data were compared by the chi-square test. Results: A total of 133 patients were included and divided into two groups according to whether they underwent plasma exchange treatment: the PE group (n=22) and the non-PE group (n=111). To exclude bias caused by large difference in the number of cases between the two groups, we performed propensity score matching. After matching, the number of cases in both groups was 22. There was no significant difference in baseline clinical characteristics between the two groups (P>0.05), including gender, age of onset, duration of disease course, history of thymectomy and baseline CAS score before treatment. Compared to the non-PE group, patients in the PE group showed more significant improvement in CAS score (5.09±1.95 vs 3.59±1.50, P<0.05) and a higher CRS score (75.00% vs 50.00%, P<0.001). Compared to the non-PE group, PE group had significantly longer ICU stay, longer hospital stay and higher hospitalization cost (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse events between the two groups during treatment (P>0.05). During long-term follow-up, both the PE and non-PE groups showed relatively low 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence rate, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates that plasma exchange has clear value in the treatment of patients with thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis. It can not only significantly improve patients' muscle strength to alleviate motor dysfunction and enhance quality of life, but also does not significantly increase the incidence of adverse reactions. Therefore, it can be regarded as one of the preferred treatment options that achieve a "balance between efficacy and safety" for such patients, and provides an important basis for optimizing treatment strategies, improving prognosis, and promoting the application of subsequent treatment regimens.

Lung transplantation is the ultimate therapeutic option for end-stage pulmonary diseases such as interstitial pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis. Currently, the shortage of allogeneic lung donors significantly limits the opportunity for end-stage lung disease patients to receive lung transplantation. In recent years, with the rapid development of biomedical engineering technologies, especially the major breakthroughs in genetic modification and cloning, xenogeneic lung transplantation has shown important potential for clinical translation. Among them, genetically modified pigs have become the most promising xenogeneic lung source due to the close similarity of organ size and physiological characteristics to humans, and the ability to perform targeted gene knockouts (such as α-Gal antigen knockout) to reduce the occurrence of hyperacute rejection. This article focuses on the research progress of porcine xenogeneic lung transplantation, systematically reviews the latest achievements and challenges in animal experiments and human trials, and introduces the technical experience accumulated by Shenzhen Third People's Hospital in the porcine-to-monkey xenogeneic lung transplantation model, in the hope of providing practical references for future research in this field.

AIM: To explore the factors influencing heart rate(HR)changes during small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)surgery by monitoring HR trends at different time points of the procedure.METHODS: Prospective cohort study. A total of 69 patients who underwent SMILE surgery at the Laser Vision Correction Center of Xi'an No.1 Hospital from April to May 2024 were enrolled. Before the surgery, patients completed the State Anxiety Inventory(S-AI, questions 1-20)to assess their preoperative anxiety scores related to the next day's surgery. Baseline HR was recorded using medical pulse oximeter, and real-time HR was recorded during patient positioning, lenticule scanning, lenticule separation and extraction, and the application of postoperative eye drops.RESULTS: The HR during patient positioning was 83.61±13.87 bpm, which was significantly different from the baseline HR(77.52±10.88 bpm), HR during lenticule separation and extraction(75.54±12.52 bpm), and HR during postoperative eye drop application(76.65±10.54 bpm; all P<0.001). When stratified by median age, older patients(>26 years)had the HR during lenticule separation and extraction 76.27±9.93 bpm, which differed from the HR at positioning(84.82±14.10 bpm)and at lens scanning(82.76±13.72 bpm; all P<0.005). Stratified by gender, the HR of male patients at positioning was the highest(85.31±16.61 bpm), which differed significantly from the baseline HR(78.26±12.63 bpm), HR during lenticule separation and extraction(77.14±14.59 bpm), and HR during postoperative eye drop application(77.11±12.49 bpm; all P<0.005). There was no correlation between HR during positioning and preoperative anxiety scores(r=0.124, P=0.418).CONCLUSION: HR changes during SMILE surgery vary with different procedural stages, peaking during patient positioning and reaching the lowest point during lenticule separation and extraction. Older patients showed higher HR during positioning, and male patients exhibited higher HR during positioning.

Objective: To analyze the changing trend and distribution characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among blood donors in Hebei, thereby providing data to support strategy and procedure adjustment for blood collection and supply institutions. Methods: Data from 12 blood stations in Hebei Province from 2012 to 2021 were collected. These data were analyzed to determine trends in anti-HCV antibody double reagent reactive rate and to characterize its distribution among different donor categories, genders and birth cohorts. Results: During the period from 2012 to 2021, a total of 7.4576 million samples were tested at 12 blood stations in Hebei Province, with 3.4659 million (46.47%) from first-time donors, and 3.9917 million (53.53%) from repeat donors. The number (of anti-HCV double reagent reactive samples was 7167 (9.61/10 000). The anti-HCV double reagent reactive rate showed a annual downward trend (P<0.05), from 17.40/10 000 at the beginning to 4.95/10 000 at the end of the study period. Additionally, the double reagent reactive rate of repeat blood donors had remained below 1/10 000 since 2017. The double reagent reactive rate of first-time blood donors (19.42/10 000) was higher than in repeat donors (1.09/10 000) (P<0.05), and the double-reagent reactive rate of female first-time blood donors (20.98/10 000) was higher than that of male first-time blood donors (18.49/10 000) (P<0.05). The anti-HCV double reagent reactive rate among first-time donors exhibited two distinct peaks within the pre-1976 and 1989-1994 birth cohorts, with notable gender differences observed in both peak periods. The rate of double reagent reactive in females born before 1976 (52.22/10 000) was higher than that in males (32.28/10 000) (P<0.05), while that of males born in 1989-1994 was higher (25.75/10 000) than that of females (14.28/10 000) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalenc of HCV infection among blood donors in Hebei Province has shown a consistent year-over-year decline over the study period. The majority of infected individuals are found among the first-time blood donors born before 1995. These trends and characteristics provide valuable insights for developing pre-blood collection screening strategies, analyzing nucleic acid test data in blood screening, adjusting blood screening procedures, and provide evidence for targeted screening of high-risk populations as part of public health initiatives to eliminate hepatitis C.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of femoral neck system(FNS)and inverted triangle cannulated screws(ITCS)in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 106 young and middle-aged patients who had been surgically treated for femoral neck fracture at our hospital from December 2020 to June 2022.The patients were assigned to FNS group(57 cases)or ITCS group(49 cases)according to the different internal fixations.The operation time,intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency,intraoperative blood loss,extra assisted reduction procedures(Kirschner wire prying reduction or open reduction),hospital stays,healing time,complications,postoperative recovery,and follow-up duration were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time,fluoroscopy frequency,and healing time in the FNS group were less than those in the ITCS group(P<0.001).The shortening degree and length of femoral neck in moderate and severe patients of the FNS group were lower than those of the ITCS group(P<0.001).The Harris score of the FNS group was higher than that of the ITCS group 12 months after surgery(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss,reduction assistance,Garden index,or hospital stays between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion FNS is a better choice for internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures than ITCS,with faster recovery and less postoperative complications.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of femoral neck system(FNS)and inverted triangle cannulated screws(ITCS)in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 106 young and middle-aged patients who had been surgically treated for femoral neck fracture at our hospital from December 2020 to June 2022.The patients were assigned to FNS group(57 cases)or ITCS group(49 cases)according to the different internal fixations.The operation time,intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency,intraoperative blood loss,extra assisted reduction procedures(Kirschner wire prying reduction or open reduction),hospital stays,healing time,complications,postoperative recovery,and follow-up duration were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time,fluoroscopy frequency,and healing time in the FNS group were less than those in the ITCS group(P<0.001).The shortening degree and length of femoral neck in moderate and severe patients of the FNS group were lower than those of the ITCS group(P<0.001).The Harris score of the FNS group was higher than that of the ITCS group 12 months after surgery(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss,reduction assistance,Garden index,or hospital stays between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion FNS is a better choice for internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures than ITCS,with faster recovery and less postoperative complications.

Objective To utilize single-cell and peripheral blood transcriptomic data from 3D brain organoids,combined with machine learning,to analyze the role of mitochondrial autophagy genes in schizophrenia(SCZ).Methods By integrating two machine learning algorithms,we identified differentially expressed mitochondrial autophagy-related genes between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls using peripheral blood RNA sequencing data.The relationship between mitophagy gene,immune cells and inflammatory factors was further explored.Comprehensive single-cell analysis was used to explore the signaling pathways and specific transcription factors based on mitophagy genes.Results Using machine learning,seven key mitophagy genes expressed in schizophrenia patients were identified.Based on Mitoscore analysis,at the single-cell level,neurons with high mitochondrial autophagy activity(Mitohigh_Neuron)formed new interactions with endothelial cells via the SPP1 signaling pathway.Conclusion This study identified two subtypes of mitophagy and seven key mitophagy genes in schizophrenia,providing new insights into the pathogenesis of the disease.

This study aims to explore the synergistic effects of the main components in salvianolic acids for Injection(SAFI) on key pathological events in cerebral ischemia, elucidating the pharmacological characteristics of SAFI in neuroprotection. Two major pathological gene modules related to endothelial injury and neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia were mined from single-cell data. According to the topological distance calculated in network medicine, potential synergistic component combinations of SAFI were screened out. The results showed that the combination of caffeic acid and salvianolic acid B scored the highest in addressing both endothelial injury and neuroinflammation, demonstrating potential synergistic effects. The cell experiments confirmed that the combination of these two components at a ratio of 1∶1 significantly protected brain microvascular endothelial cells(bEnd.3) from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)-induced reperfusion injury and effectively suppressed lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells(BV-2). This study provides a new method for uncovering synergistic effects among active components in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and offers novel insights into the multi-component, multi-target acting mechanisms of TCM.
Brain Ischemia/metabolism* ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Benzofurans/pharmacology* ; Mice ; Drug Synergism ; Caffeic Acids/pharmacology* ; Polyphenols/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Alkenes/pharmacology* ; Endothelial Cells/drug effects* ; Depsides

At present, the cause of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in China has entered a new period of high-quality development. How to strengthen the foundation for the TCM industry from the source is an important issue that deserves the attention of the authorities, industry, and academia. This study systematically analyzed the regulatory system of TCM raw materials and preparations. The study took the TCM industry chain and the product life cycle as a clue and focused on the dimensions of TCM resource protection and plant cultivation(farming), production and quality supervision of TCM raw materials and preparations, and their market access and distribution. It analyzed the current situation of the regulation of TCM raw materials and preparations under the regulatory system of drugs, discussed the main problems, and put forward corresponding suggestions. The results can provide an important reference value for the subsequent improvement of the regulatory system of drugs and the construction of a prominent regulatory system of drugs in accordance with TCM characteristics.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/economics* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; China ; Quality Control ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry*