Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with high morbidity and mortality. There are about 5%-15% of ALS patients combining with frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD) at the same time and 50% of patients combing with cognitive function changes. The analysis of cortical thickness based on MRI is an important imaging method to evaluate brain structure. The aim of the study was to explore the changes of brain structure in ALS patients by cortical thickness analysis, and to explore the correlation between the brain structure and cognitive function. METHODS: In the study, 18 ALS patients treated in Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital and 18 normal controls (age, gender and education level matched) were included. 3D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo imaging (MPRAGE) sequence MRI was performed and the cortical thickness was analyzed. At the same time, all the ALS patients took neuropsychology assessments, including: mini-mental state examination (MMSE), verbal fluency test (VFT), Stroop color word test (SCWT), prospective memory (PM), emotional picture perception and recognition, and faux pas story test. RESULTS: After cognitive assessment, two ALS patients had cognitive impairment. One was in accordance with ALS-frontotemporal dementia (FTD) diagnosis and the other one was in accordance with ALS cognitive impairment (ALSci) diagnosis. In all the 18 ALS patients and 18 normal controls, the cortical thickness of the left medial orbitofrontal lobe and the medial temporal lobe were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in ALS group by the vertex-wise comparison. Cortical thickness of the left entorhinal cortex, the left inferior temporal gyrus, the left medial orbitofrontal lobe and the left insular lobe was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by the region-wise comparison. However, when only concluded the 16 ALS non-cognitive impairment patients, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There were correlations between the scores of prospective memory, emotional picture perception and recognition, faux pas story test and the cortical thickness of their corresponding regions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The cortical thickness of ALS patients are correlated with neuropsychological scores which may reflect the changes of cortical structure corresponding to the cognitive assessment, and may provide help for the early diagnosis of cognitive changes in ALS patients.
Humans ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Frontotemporal Dementia/psychology* ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods*

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) acts as a tumor promoter in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). We speculated that microRNAs (miRNAs) that are inhibited by TGF-β1 might exert anti-tumor effects. To assess this, we identified several miRNAs downregulated by TGF-β1 in PCa cell lines and selected miR-3691-3p for detailed analysis as a candidate anti-oncogene miRNA. miR-3691-3p was expressed at significantly lower levels in human PCa tissue compared with paired benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue, and its expression level correlated inversely with aggressive clinical pathological features. Overexpression of miR-3691-3p in PCa cell lines inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. The miR-3691-3p target genes E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) and PR domain containing 1, with ZNF domain (PRDM1) were upregulated in miR-3691-3p-overexpressing PCa cells, and silencing of E2F3 or PRDM1 suppressed PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Treatment of mice bearing PCa xenografts with a miR-3691-3p agomir inhibited tumor growth and promoted tumor cell apoptosis. Consistent with the negative regulation of E2F3 and PRDM1 by miR-3691-3p, both proteins were overexpressed in clinical PCa specimens compared with noncancerous prostate tissue. Our results indicate that TGF-β1-regulated miR-3691-3p acts as an anti-oncogene in PCa by downregulating E2F3 and PRDM1. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which TGF-β1 contributes to the progression of PCa.

Parasitic diseases are common infectious diseases closely related to poverty,which are mainly endemic in the trop-ical and subtropical regions.Africa is the major epidemic area of parasitic diseases,and the global burden of malaria and schisto-somiasis is over 85% in Africa.This paper reviews the disease burden,regional distribution and control strategies of the main parasitic diseases in Africa,in order to promote the prevention and control of parasitic diseases in this area.

Objective To explore the efficacy of ganoderma lucidum preparation(Ling Zhi) in treating APP/PS-1 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods APP/PS-1 transgenic mice of 4 months were randomly divided into model group,ganoderma lucidum treatment groups,including high [2250 mg/(kg·d)] and middle [750 mg/(kg·d)] dose groups,i.e.LZ-H and LZ-M groups,and the positive control group(treated with donepezil hydrochloride [2 mg/(kg·d)]).In addition,C57BL/6J wild mice were selected as normal group.The animals were administered for 4 months.Histopathological examinations including hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining,immunohistochemistry,special staining,and electron microscopy were applied,and then the pathological morphology and structures in different groups were compared. Results The senile plaques and neurofibrillar tangles in the cerebrum and cerebellum were dissolved or disappeared in LZ-H and LZ-M groups.Decrease of amyloid angiopathy was found in LZ-H and LZ-M groups.The immature neurons appeared more in hippocampus and dentate nucleus of LZ-H and LZ-M groups than those in AD model and donepezil hydrochloride groups(hippcampus:F=1.738,P=0.016;dentate nucleus:F=1.924,P=0.026),and these immature neurons differentiated to be neurons.More Purkinje cells loss occurred in AD model mice than that in LZ-H and LZ-M groups(F=9.46,P=0.007;F=9.46,P=0.010).The LZ-H and LZ-M groups had more new neuron stem cells grown up in cerebellum.Electromicroscopic examination showed the hippocampal neurons in LZ-H and LZ-M group were integrated,the nuclear membrane was intact,and the mitochondria in the cytoplasm,endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi bodies,microtubules,and synapses were also complete.The microglial cell showed no abnormality.No toxicity appeared in the pathological specimens of mice treated with ganoderma lucidum preparation.Conclusion The ganoderma lucidum preparation can dissolve and decline or dismiss the senile plaques and neurofibrillar tangles in the brain of AD mice and also reduce the amyloid angiopathy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the alteration and clinical significance of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β levels in serum of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with FCR.

METHODSForty-seven CLL patients treated with FCR regimen were enrolled in CLL group, meanwhile 30 healthy persons were selected in control group. The serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β were detected by ELISA in CLL group before and after treatment and in control group, then the differences of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β levels as well as IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio and TGF-β/IL-17 ratio were compared between 2 groups.

RESULTSBefore treatment with PCR regimen, the IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β levels as well as TGF-β/IL-17 in CLL group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), while the IFN-γ level and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in CLL group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05); after treatment with PCR regimen, the IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β levels as well as TGF-β/IL-17 ratio all significantly decreased (P<0.05), while IFN-γ level and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio significantly increased (P<0.05) as compared with those before treatment, moreover, the IL-4 and IL-17 levels as well as TGF-β/ IL-17 and IFN-γ /IL-4 ratio were no significantly different from those in control group (P>0.05), only the IFN-γ and TGF-β levels were significantly diffrent from control group (P<0.05). The analysis of Binet staging (stage A, B, C) showed that along with pregression of Binet stages, the TGF-γ/IL-17 levels as well as the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in CLL group negatively correlated with Binet staging (r=-0.53), while the TGF-β/IL-17 ratio positively correlated with Binet staging (r=0.46). The analysis of grouping accoraing to therapentic efficacy fonnd that the IL-4 and IL-17 levels and IFN-γ/IL-4 and TGF-β/IL-17 ratios in CR and PR groups were significantly different before and after treatment (P<0.05), while those in SD and PD groups did not showed statistical difference before and after treatment (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONAlong with the progression of disease, the IFN-γ/ IL-4 ratio gradually decreases, and the TGF-β / L-17 ratio gradually increases. The treatment with FCR regimen can overcome this tread, therefore dynamically monitoring the chages of IFN-γ/ IL-4 and TGF-β / L-17 ratios may contribute to guide the clinical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the uncertainty on the determination of cantharidic acid ( CTR) in rat brain microdialysate by HPLC-MS/MS.Methods The uncertainty sources in the determination of CTR were analyzed and the uncertainty were evaluated and combined.Results The expanded uncertainty of CTR at low ( 0.19 ng· mL -1 ) and high ( 35.90 ng · mL -1 ) concentrations were 0.02 ng · mL -1 and 2.08 ng · mL -1 , respectively ( P =95%, k =2 ) .Conclusion The uncertainty on the determination of CTR in rat brain microdialysate by HPLC -MS/MS was mainly caused by matrix effect, calibration curve fitting, repeatability and sample preparation for low concentrations, and matrix effect, sample preparation and repeatability for high concentrations.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expressions and time-dependent changes of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phospho-PI3K (p-PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and phospho-Akt (p-Akt) during wound healing process of mice skin. METHODS: The changes of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt and p-Akt expression in skin wound were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time PCR. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed the expression of PI3K and p-Akt were observed in mononuclear and fibroblast after skin wound, and reached peak in reconstruction. The positive bands of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were observed in all time points of the wound healing process by Western blotting. The expression peak of p-PI3K and p-Akt showed in inflammation and proliferation; the expression peak of PI3K and Akt in reconstruction. Real-time PCR showed the expression peak of PI3K mRNA in inflammation and reconstruction and the peak of Akt mRNA in reconstruction. CONCLUSION During the wound healing process, the expressions of PI3K, Akt, p-PI3K and p-Akt show different changes with significant correlation to wound time. The expression of PI3K/Akt may be a valuable marker for wound time estimation.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Fibroblasts/metabolism* ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Skin/injuries* ; Wound Healing

Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; surgery