BackgroundThe violent aggressive behaviors of patients with schizophrenia usually have the characteristics of suddenness， unpredictability， high severity， and great difficulty in prevention. Early identification and accurate assessment of their risk of violent aggression have significant clinical significance. ObjectiveTo construct a predictive model for the violence risk in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia， to identify the key factors influencing the occurrence of violent behavior in these patients， so as to provide references for clinical precise quantitative assessment and early intervention. MethodsA total of 200 patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized at Taiyuan Psychiatric Hospital from March 2022 to September 2024 and met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases， eleventh edition （ICD-11） were collected to form the modeling cohort. They were randomly divided into a training set （n=140） and a test set （n=60） at a ratio of 7∶3. Based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （LASSO） regression algorithm， the feature variables were screened and dimension-reduced. The support vector machine （SVM） from machine learning was selected for model training and prediction. The discrimination efficacy of the model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve （AUC）， accuracy， precision， sensitivity， specificity， F1 value， and Brier value. ResultsLASSO regression screening identified 16 feature variables. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between prior violent behavior frequency and clinical psychiatric symptom scores （r=0.580， P<0.01）， a positive correlation between hospitalization compliance and current disease status （r=0.550， P=0.003）， and a positive correlation between educational level and family per capita monthly income （r=0.367， P<0.01）. The SVM model achieved an AUC of 0.853， accuracy of 0.800， precision of 0.810， sensitivity of 0.895， specificity of 0.636， F1 value of 0.850， and Brier value of 0.168. ConclusionThe SVM model has a relatively high level of applicability and overall predictive performance in the assessment of violent risk in schizophrenia patients， which is helpful for the early identification of violent risks in such patients. ［Funded by Specialized Research Project for Enhancing the Competence of Health Professionals in Taiyuan City （number， Y2023006）］

ObjectiveTo conduct an investigation on the clinical， nursing， and medical technical staff engaged in biomedical research in five affiliated hospitals of a medical university， explore the current status and influencing factors of their medical scientific research ethical cognition， and provide references for further strengthening medical ethics education and scientific research ethics construction. MethodsThe survey data were collected through Questionnaire Star， with a total of 541 valid questionnaires returned. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 software. ResultsThe medical staff demonstrated moderate mastery of scientific research ethics knowledge， with an average score of （8.00±4.47） points. The factors influencing their mastery of scientific research ethics knowledge primarily encompassed learning medical ethics-related courses both in academic education and on-the-job stage and including them in compulsory courses， participation in biomedical research， engagement in publishing academic papers， and experience in ethical review. Factors affecting medical staff’s cognition level of scientific research ethics mainly included professional title， academic qualifications， professional and technical fields， overseas experience， and work experience as a member of the biomedical research ethics committee. ConclusionMedical staff hold a basically positive attitude towards scientific research ethics， yet exhibit significant deficiencies in their knowledge system and practical capabilities. It is necessary to improve the scientific research ethics cognition level of the target population from multiple dimensions， including academic education， medical institutions， ethical review agencies， and medical staff themselves.

Objective To compare the efficacy of five Blastocystis staining method for staining cells with different morphologies and in different developmental stages to select appropriate staining techniques for specific scenarios and experimental purposes. Methods Blastocystis was stained using Wright-Giemsa, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Oil Red O, Nile Red, and Lugol's iodine solution respectively. The staining effects of the five method on Blastocystis were compared. Results Wright-Giemsa staining colored the cytoplasm and nucleus of Blastocystis bluish-purple, with other parts lightly stained; PAS staining rendered Blastocystis cells red; Oil Red O staining showed different structures within Blastocystis in varying intensities of orange-red; Nile Red enabled Blastocystis to fluoresce orange-yellow under a fluorescence microscope; Lugol's iodine solution stained the cytoplasm and nucleus a dark brownish-yellow. Conclusions Wright-Giemsa staining is recommended for clinical diagnosis. For metabolic studies, a combination of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and Oil Red O staining is suggested; PAS + Oil Red O staining can provide comprehensive morphological evidence for cell metabolism research. Nile Red staining is recommended for dynamic observation of live Blastocystis. Lugol's iodine staining is suitable for preliminary screening of large-scale samples.

The increasing prevalence of aging has led to a rising incidence of comorbidity of sarcopenia and obesity, posing significant burdens on socioeconomic and public health. Current research has systematically explored the pathogenesis of each condition; however, the mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain unclear. This study reviews the current literature on sarcopenia and obesity in the aging population, focusing on their shared biological mechanisms, which include loss of autophagy, abnormal macrophage function, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced sex hormone secretion. It also identifies metabolic mechanisms such as insulin resistance, vitamin D metabolism abnormalities, dysregulation of iron metabolism, decreased levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and gut microbiota imbalances. Additionally, this study also explores the important role of genetic factors, such as alleles and microRNAs, in the co-occurrence of sarcopenia and obesity. A better understanding of these mechanisms is vital for developing clinical interventions and preventive strategies.
Humans ; Sarcopenia/physiopathology* ; Obesity/physiopathology* ; Aging/physiology* ; Autophagy/physiology* ; Insulin Resistance ; Comorbidity ; Vitamin D/metabolism* ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/metabolism* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Mitochondria ; MicroRNAs

To clarify the occurrence and distribution of broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2) on Rehmannia glutinosa, this study collected 87 R. glutinosa samples with typical symptoms of viral disease such as chlorosis and crumple from Wenxian county and Wuzhi county in Jiaozuo city, Henan province and Qiaocheng district in Bozhou city, Anhui province. The BBWV2 CP target band was amplified from 37 R. glutinosa samples by RT-PCR technology. The total detection rate reached 42.5%, among which 43.0% was detected in samples from Henan province. The detection rate in samples from Anhui province was 37.5%. 37 BBWV2 CP sequences were obtained by cloning and sequencing of BBWV2 positive samples(data has been submitted to GenBank, accession numbers: PP407959-PP407995), and the sequence analysis of these CP sequences with 91 other BBWV2 isolates in GenBank showed a high genetic diversity with a consistency rate of 70.8%-100%. Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis showed that BBWV2 could be divided into three groups according to CP sequences, among which the BBWV2 in R. glutinosa isolates obtained in this study were all located in group 3. This study identified the differences in the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of BBWV2 in R. glutinosa from Henan province and Anhui province and provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of BBWV2.
Rehmannia/virology* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/virology* ; China ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Fabavirus/classification*

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is insidious in onset and often causes obstructive jaundice due to bile stasis,leading to impaired liver function.For tumors with malignant obstructive jaundice,biliary drainage is often performed before surgery in clinical practice.Currently,the commonly used drainage methods are percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD)and endoscopic retrograde biliary drain-age(ERBD),but there are controversies over the advantages and disadvantages of the two drainage methods.PTBD drainage can often lead to tumor implantation metastasis,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.We detected tumor cells in PTBD and ERBD bile samples from hilar cholangiocarcino-ma patients,subsequently explored their tumorigenicity and mechanisms through tumorsphere assay in vitro and xenograft tumor models in vivo.The experiments included benign gallstones group(30 cases)as a negative control,PTBD group(14 cases)and ERBD group(13 cases).Tumorsphere formation was i-dentified in 3 cases(23％)among the 13 cases of ERBD group,in 6 cases(42％)among the 14 cases of PTBD group,but there were no tumor cells or formed tumorspheres in the 30 cases of benign gallstone group.The tumor sphere formation ability of cells in the PTBD group was significantly higher than that in ERBD group.Subcutaneous xenograft tumor assays showed that tumor growth in the PTBD group was sig-nificantly higher than that in the ERBD group.Tumor cells in PTBD bile possessed stronger tumorigenici-ty compared with the ERBD group.Mechanically,stem cell transcription factor Nanog mRNA levels were significantly higher in the PTBD group compared to the ERBD group.Both tumorsphere formation and xenograft tumor growth were reduced by Nanog knockdown in three cases of the PTBD group,indicating the important roles of Nanog in tumorigenicity of PTBD group tumor cells.The half-life of Nanog mRNA was longer in PTBD group cells than in ERBD group cells,suggesting potential post-transcriptional regu-lation on Nanog mRNA.The Nanog m6A level was higher in PTBD group tumor cells compared to the ERBD group.Analysis of methyltransferases and demethylases,ALKBH5(α-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase alkb family homolog 5)mRNA levels were lower in the PTBD group than in the ERBD group and significantly correlated with the m6A level of Nanog.ALKBH5 knockdown led to an increase in the m6A level of Nanog,while ALKBH5 overexpression decreased the m6A level of Nanog.Dual-luciferase activity assays demonstrated that ALKBH5 knockdown significantly enhanced luciferase activity,whereas ALKBH5 overexpression reduced it.Further studies confirmed that ALKBH5 knockdown upregulated both the mRNA and protein levels of Nanog,whereas overexpressing ALKBH5 downregulated them.ALKBH5 mediated the demethylation modification of Nanog mRNA,and the lower levels of ALKBH5 expression in the PTBD group promoted Nanog's m6A modification.Overexpressing ALKBH5 decreased tumorsphere growth,while ALKBH5 knockdown increased it,which was subsequently reduced by the simultaneous Nanog knockdown again.In sum,tumor cells in PTBD and ERBD drainage bile from hilar cholangiocar-cinoma patients exhibited tumorigenicity.Compared to the ERBD group,tumor cells in PTBD bile with lower ALKBH5 expression levels enhanced Nanog's m6A modification to upregulate Nanog expression levels,resulting in stronger tumorigenicity.These findings are significant for elucidating propensity to tumor implantation metastasis from PTBD drainage.

The scaphoid bone is one of the important bone of hand,which is frequently injured and difficult to treat in clinical practice.Therefore,it is very important to deeply study the microstructure and biomechanical characteristics of the scaphoid bone for understanding its injury mechanism and optimizing treatment scheme.Microcomputed tomography(micro-CT)provides high-resolution imaging of bone tissue,while finite element analysis can help to simulate the stress distribution and behavioral patterns of the scaphoid bone under various physiological and pathological states.The high-resolution three-dimensional image of the scaphoid bone obtained by micro-CT technology can be used to construct finite element models of real anatomical structure of the scaphoid bone,thus achieving accurate simulation of the mechanical properties of the scaphoid bone.The fusion of these two advanced technologies provides a new perspective for revealing the structural and functional relationships and injury mechanism of the scaphoid bone.Therefore,this paper reviews the anatomical characteristics of the scaphoid bone and its biomechanical behavior in different states,emphasizing the specific applications and advantages of micro-CT and finite element analysis techniques in the study of the scaphoid bone.By summarizing the research findings in recent years,this paper provides novel scientific basis and methods for the diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of scaphoid bone-related disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of bone mass and volume of low-density zones beneath the tibial plateau on the maximum von Mises stresses experienced by the cartilage and meniscus in the knee joint. METHODS: The study included one healthy adult volunteer, from whom CT scans were obtained, and one patient diagnosed with knee osteoarthrisis (KOA), for whom X-ray films were acquired. A static model of the knee joint featuring a low-density zone was established based on a normal knee model. In the finite element analysis, axial loads of 1 000 N and 1 800 N were applied to the weight-bearing region of the upper surface of the femoral head for model validation and subsequent finite element studies, respectively. The maximum von Mises stresses in the femoral cartilage, as well as the medial and lateral tibial cartilage and menisci, were observed, and the stress percentage of the medial and lateral components were concurrently analyzed. Additionally, HE staining, as well as alkaline magenta staining, were performed on the pathological specimens of patients with KOA in various low-density regions. RESULTS: The results of model validation indicated that the model was consistent with normal anatomical structures and correlated with previous calculations documented in the literature. Static analysis revealed that the maximum von Mises stress in the medial component of the normal knee was the lowest and increased with the advancement of the hypointensity zone. In contrast, the lateral component exhibited an opposing trend, with the maximum von Mises stress in the lateral component being the highest and decreasing as the hypointensity zone progressed. Additionally, the medial component experienced an increasing proportion of stress within the overall knee joint. HE staining demonstrated that the chondrocyte layer progressively deteriorated and may even disappear as the hypointensity zone expanded. Furthermore, alkaline magenta staining indicated that the severity of microfractures in the trabecular bone increased concurrently with the expansion of the hypointensity zone. CONCLUSION The presence of subtalar plateau low-density zone may aggravate joint degeneration. In clinical practice, it is necessary to pay attention to the changes in the subtalar plateau low-density zone and actively take effective measures to strengthen the bone status of the subtalar plateau low-density zone and restore the complete biomechanical function of the knee joint, in order to slow down or reverse the progression of osteoarthritis.
Humans ; Finite Element Analysis ; Knee Joint/physiology* ; Tibia/anatomy & histology* ; Cartilage, Articular/physiology* ; Menisci, Tibial/physiopathology* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging* ; Weight-Bearing ; Bone Density ; Adult ; Stress, Mechanical ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of bear bile powder (BBP) on acute lung injury (ALI) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The chemical constituents of BBP were analyzed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). After 7 days of adaptive feeding, 50 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups by a random number table (n=10): normal control (NC), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), dexamethasone (Dex), low-, and high-dose BBP groups. The dosing cycle was 9 days. On the 12th and 14th days, 20 µL of Staphylococcus aureus solution (bacterial concentration of 1 × 10^-7 CFU/mL) was given by nasal drip after 1 h of intragastric administration, and the mice in the NC group was given the same dose of phosphated buffered saline (PBS) solution. On the 16th day, after 1 h intragastric administration, 100 µL of LPS solution (1 mg/mL) was given by tracheal intubation, and the same dose of PBS solution was given to the NC group. Lung tissue was obtained to measure the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the lung wet/dry weight ratio and expressions of CD14 and other related proteins. The lower lobe of the right lung was obtained for pathological examination. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α ) and IL-1β in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the number of neutrophils was counted. The colonic contents of the mice were analyzed by 16 sRNA technique and the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). RESULTS: UPLC-MS revealed that the chemical components of BBP samples were mainly tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt. BBP reduced the activity of MPO, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the expression of CD14 protein, thus suppressing the activation of NF-κB pathway (P<0.05). The lung histopathological results indicated that BBP significantly reduced the degree of neutrophil infiltration, cell shedding, necrosis, and alveolar cavity depression. Moreover, BBP effectively regulated the composition of the intestinal microflora and increased the production of SCFAs, which contributed to its treatment effect (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS BBP alleviates lung injury in ALI mouse through inhibiting activation of NF-κB pathway and decreasing expression of CD14 protein. BBP may promote recovery of ALI by improving the structure of intestinal flora and enhancing metabolic function of intestinal flora.
Animals ; Acute Lung Injury/pathology* ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Ursidae ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Bile/chemistry* ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism* ; Powders ; Male ; Lung/drug effects* ; Mice ; Peroxidase/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Cytokines/metabolism*

Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition caused by damage or dysfunction in the nervous system. While the spleen may influence neuropathic pain, its role has been poorly understood. This study demonstrates that the spleen plays a crucial role in regulating neuropathic pain through the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) - paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) neural circuit in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse model. Splenectomy, splenic denervation, or splenic sympathectomy significantly increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and reduced macrophage infiltration in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of CCI mice. Pseudorabies virus injections into the spleen revealed connections to the BNST and PVN in the brain. Chemogenetic inhibition of the BNST-PVN circuit increased macrophage infiltration in the DRG and decreased the MWT; these effects were reversed by splenectomy, splenic denervation, or sympathectomy. These findings underscore the critical role of the spleen, regulated by the BNST-PVN circuit, in neuropathic pain.
Animals ; Neuralgia/pathology* ; Septal Nuclei/physiopathology* ; Male ; Spleen/physiopathology* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiopathology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Splenectomy ; Mice ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ganglia, Spinal/physiopathology* ; Sympathectomy ; Macrophages