Purpose: To identify factors associated with retinal tears in eyes presenting with fundus-obscuring vitreous hemorrhage (FOVH) of unknown cause and to evaluate surgical findings and visual outcomes following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent 23-gauge or 25-gauge PPV for acute-onset FOVH, defined as a dense vitreous hemorrhage obscuring both the posterior pole and peripheral retina across at least three quadrants with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of counting fingers or worse at presentation. Etiologies of FOVH were identified intraoperatively, and subsequent analyses focused on the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and surgical outcomes of eyes diagnosed with retinal tears. Results: Among the 8 9 eyes in cluded, retinal tears were the most common etiology (38.2%), followed by retinal vascular occlusion (27.0%), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (13.5%). Eyes with retinal tears were significantly younger (57.2 vs. 67.9 years, p <0.001) and less likely to have diabetes (5.9 vs. 41.8%, p <0.001) compared with those without retinal tears. In a multivariate analysis, younger age (p < 0.001) and absence of diabetes (p = 0.007) were independent predictors of retinal tears. Among eyes with retinal tears, the mean duration from symptom onset to surgery was 9.2 days. Most eyes (67.6%) had a single tear, and in 79.4%, the largest tear was in the superior quadrant. No cases of macular-off retinal detachment or proliferative vitreoretinopathy were observed. At final follow-up, 82.4% of the eyes achieved a BCVA of 20/20, with no cases of reoperation. Conclusions Retinal tears are commonly identified intraoperatively in eyes presenting with FOVH, with younger age and absence of diabetes significantly associated with their presence. Despite delayed surgery, favorable anatomical and visual outcomes were achieved.Given the frequent localization of tears in the superior retina, careful peripheral inspection during vitrectomy is essential for detecting treatable pathology.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a deep learning regression model using macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to predict estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from patients who underwent preoperative evaluation for cataract surgery, including spectral-domain OCT (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering) images, blood test–derived eGFR, and ocular biometry.A dual-input regression model based on a modified ResNet-18 architecture was constructed to process simultaneously horizontal and vertical B-scan macular OCT images. The model’s predicted eGFR was further combined with patient age, sex, presence of diabetes and hypertension, and axial length using a Random Forest regression algorithm to create a hybrid model. Model performance was assessed using the root mean squared error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2 ). Gradient-weighted regression activation mapping (GradRAM) was applied for visualization to assess the anatomical regions contributing to predictions. Results: A total of 101 eyes from 101 patients were included. The ResNet-18 model achieved an eGFR prediction accuracy with an R2of 0.89 and an RMSE of 4.23. The Random Forest hybrid model further improved predictive performance, achieving an R2 of 0.94 and an RMSE of 3.64. The mean absolute error (MAE) across the full cohort was 3.69 ± 2.08 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Among the 10 most accurately predicted cases, the MAE was as low as 0.42 ± 0.20 mL/min/1.73 m2 , while the 10 least accurate cases showed an MAE of 7.44 ± 0.92 mL/ min/1.73 m2 . Grad-RAM visualizations revealed predominant activation in the choroidal region of vertical OCT images. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate accurate prediction of renal function from macular OCT images using deep learning.The dual-input architecture and Grad-RAM visualization enabled high prediction performance and partial anatomical interpretability.These findings support the potential of OCT-based oculomics for systemic disease assessment.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the influence of nocturnal ambient light on visual function and ocular fatigue. METHODS: Sixty healthy subjects (30 men and 30 women) aged 19 through 29 years with no history of ocular disease were recruited. All subjects spent 3 consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. During the first and second nights, the subjects were not exposed to light during sleep, but during the third night, they were exposed to ambient light, measuring 5 or 10 lux at the eye level, which was randomly allocated with 30 subjects each. The visual function and ocular fatigue were assessed at 7 a.m. on the 3rd and 4th mornings, using best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, conjunctival hyperemia, tear break-up time, maximal blinking interval, ocular surface temperature, and subjective symptoms reported on a questionnaire. RESULTS: Three men and three women subjects failed to complete the study (4 in the 5 lux; 2 from the 10 lux). For the entire 54 subjects, tear break-up time and maximal blinking interval decreased (P = 0.015; 0.010, respectively), and nasal and temporal conjunctival hyperemia increased significantly after sleep under any ambient light (P < 0.001; 0.021, respectively). Eye tiredness and soreness also increased (P = 0.004; 0.024, respectively). After sleep under 5 lux light, only nasal conjunctival hyperemia increased significantly (P = 0.008). After sleep under 10 lux light, nasal and temporal conjunctival hyperemia, eye tiredness, soreness, difficulty in focusing, and ocular discomfort increased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nocturnal ambient light exposure increases ocular fatigue. Avoiding ambient light during sleep could be recommended to prevent ocular fatigue.
Asthenopia ; Blinking ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; Fatigue* ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Lighting ; Male ; Refractive Errors ; Tears ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical indications and efficacy of the lateral tarsal strip procedure. METHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent the lateral tarsal strip procedure between September 2008 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. We examined age, gender, diagnosis, procedures simultaneously performed with the lateral tarsal strip, duration of observation, postoperative complications and cases requiring revision surgery. Patients without recurrence or undercorrection of eyelid/lateral canthal area lesions, surgical complication and not requiring revision surgery until final visit were considered as successful cases. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-three eyes of 129 patients were included in this study. The mean patient age was 61.6 years and average follow-up duration was 9.2 months. Diagnoses of eyes were lower lid laxity (39.9%), involutional entropion (24.0%), lower lid retraction (14.8%), cicatricial ectropion (6.6%), lateral canthal deformity (5.5%), involutional ectropion (3.8%) and paralytic ectropion (2.7%). Surgical procedures simultaneously conducted with lateral tarsal strip in 167 eyes of 183 eyes were endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (30.5%), lower retractor tightening (19.2%), medial spindle procedure (13.8%), mid-lamellar lengthening (12.6%), lower blepharoplasty (10.8%), Quickert suture (4.2%) and Hotz's operation (3.0%). Successful results were obtained in 116 of 129 patients (89.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The lateral tarsal strip procedure can successfully correct lower lid laxity and be used in various clinical indications with or without other surgical procedures.
Blepharoplasty ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Diagnosis ; Ectropion ; Entropion ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sutures

PURPOSE: To introduce 2 cases of trichomegaly associated with the use of systemic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer. CASE SUMMARY: An 82-year-old female visited our clinic for ocular pain in both eyes. She was suffering from metastatic lung cancer and was under daily treatment with gefitinib (Iressa(R), AstraZeneca, London, UK) for 6 months. On ophthalmologic examination, she presented with abnormally elongated eyelashes, hyperemic conjunctiva and dense corneal erosion. A 52-year-old male who was diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer 7 months before and treated with erlotinib (Tarceva(R) OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Melville, NY, USA) was referred to our clinic for injection and foreign body sensation in both eyes. Although there were no remarkable changes in eyelashes at the initial visit, long, curly, uneven eyelashes were observed after 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the increased use of EGFR inhibitors in anti-cancer treatment, ophthalmologists should be aware of these chemotherapeutics' adverse effects.
Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Conjunctiva ; Eyelashes* ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Sensation ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride