OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effect and mechanism of Dendrobium officinale on skin damage in mice with xeroderma. METHODS The mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， and D. officinale group， with 5 mice in each group. Except for the control group （which only underwent shaving treatment）， the mice in all other groups were induced to develop a xeroderma model using an acetone-ether mixture for five consecutive days. The mice in D. officinale group were treated with 200 μL of D. officinale suspension （0.2 mg/mL） two hours after the first modeling each day. Mice in the control group and the model group were applied with an equal volume of pure water； once a day， until the end of the modeling process. After last medication， skin lesions and pathological morphology of the mice were observed. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expressions of Filaggrin， Loricrin and Ki67 proteins in skin tissue of the mice. The core pathways through which D. officinale improves skin damage in xeroderma were screened using 16S rRNA sequencing combined with gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses， and subsequent validation was conducted. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the mice in the model group exhibited obvious scratching behavior， with a large amount of scale on the skin， excessive epidermal keratinization， and thickened stratum spinosum. The skin scale score， epidermal thickness， and the expression levels of Ki67， Filaggrin， and Loricrin proteins in the skin tissue were significantly increased/elevated （ P ＜0.05）. Compared with model group， the mice in the D. officinale group exhibited reduced scratching behavior and scaling， along with a mitigated degree of skin keratinization. The aforementioned quantitative indicators were significantly decreased/reduced （ P ＜0.05）. The results of core pathway screening revealed that the KEGG pathways involving differentially expressed genes included signaling pathways such as interleukin-17 （IL-17） and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）. Further validation experim ents found that after intervention with D. officinale ， mRNA expression of downstream effector molecules CCN1， Hbegf， Tnfrsf12a， and Thbs1 genes in skin tissues were all significantly reduced （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS D. officinale can repair skin damage in mice with xeroderma， and its mechanism of action is related to restoring the balance of proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes and down-regulating the mRNA expressions of CCN1， Hbegf， Tnfrsf12a， and Thbs1.

With the advancement of science and technology and the rapid rise of artificial intelligence （AI） in recent years， intelligent and digitalized lifestyles have become the norm. AI-generated content （AIGC） has entered people’s lives and shown a blowout development trend. As a major output of AIGC， virtual digital humans have evolved from being “unbearable to look at” to being “indistinguishable” from real humans， exerting multiple impacts on people’s lives to a certain extent. AIGC and virtual digital humans can bring spiritual comfort to users， drive technological progress， and promote social stability. Meanwhile， they also face a series of risks， such as infringement behaviors of portraits， data privacy risks， and the alienation of human nature. This paper proposed solutions from various aspects， such as legal and technical supervision， embedding ethical standards into technology development， raising the market thresholds， and strengthening public publicity， striving to guide science and technology towards good.

Aim To investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2(CRTC2)in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods A pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model was established in C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol(ISO),the expression of CRTC2 in cardiac tissue was detec-ted by Western blot.The CRTC2 knockout mice model was constructed,the cardiac function of mice was detected by small animal echocardiography,the collagen fiber content in mice cardiac tissue was detected by Masson staining,the car-diomyocyte hypertrophy related proteins:skeletal muscle α1-actin(ACTA1)and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),as well as ferroptosis related proteins:acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)in mice cardiac tissue were detected by Western blot,the iron ion content in mice cardiac tissue was detected by iron ion kit,to evaluate the correlation between CRTC2 and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and ferroptosis.H9c2 cells were induced by ISO to construct an in vitro model of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,the protein expressions of CRTC2,ACTA1,BNP,ACSL4,SLC7A11 and GPX4 were detected after intervention with fer-roptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1(Fer-1).H9c2 cells with CRTC2 overexpression induced by ISO were used to construct an in vitro model of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,the related indicators of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and ferroptosis were detec-ted to explore the mechanism of CRTC2 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of CRTC2 protein in the cardiac tissue of ISO induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy mice was increased(P＜0.05).Compared with wild-type mice,CRTC2-/-mice showed worsened cardiac function,manifested as increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWT),heart weight/tibia length(HW/TL)and heart weight/body weight(HW/BW),decreased short axis shortening(FS)and ejection fraction(EF),increased collagen fiber content in cardiac tissue,upregulated ex-pression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy-related proteins ACTA1 and BNP,increased mRNA and protein expression of ferrop-tosis-related protein ACSL4,decreased mRNA and protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4,and elevated iron ion content in cardiac tissue(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).In vitro experiments showed that compared with ISO group,the ISO+Fer-1 group had no significant change in CRTC2 protein expression(P＞0.05),the expression of ACTA1 and BNP protein decreased,the surface area of cardiomyocyte reduced,the expression of ACSL4 protein decreased,and the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 proteins increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with the ISO group,the LV-CRTC2+ISO group showed a decrease in surface area of cardiomyocytes(P＜0.01),a decrease in ACTA1,BNP and ACSL4 protein ex-pression,an increase in SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression,and a decrease in ROS and iron ion content(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion CRTC2 alleviates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and protect cardiac function by suppressing fer-roptosis in cardiomyocytes.

Aim To investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2(CRTC2)in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods A pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model was established in C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol(ISO),the expression of CRTC2 in cardiac tissue was detec-ted by Western blot.The CRTC2 knockout mice model was constructed,the cardiac function of mice was detected by small animal echocardiography,the collagen fiber content in mice cardiac tissue was detected by Masson staining,the car-diomyocyte hypertrophy related proteins:skeletal muscle α1-actin(ACTA1)and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),as well as ferroptosis related proteins:acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)in mice cardiac tissue were detected by Western blot,the iron ion content in mice cardiac tissue was detected by iron ion kit,to evaluate the correlation between CRTC2 and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and ferroptosis.H9c2 cells were induced by ISO to construct an in vitro model of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,the protein expressions of CRTC2,ACTA1,BNP,ACSL4,SLC7A11 and GPX4 were detected after intervention with fer-roptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1(Fer-1).H9c2 cells with CRTC2 overexpression induced by ISO were used to construct an in vitro model of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,the related indicators of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and ferroptosis were detec-ted to explore the mechanism of CRTC2 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of CRTC2 protein in the cardiac tissue of ISO induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy mice was increased(P＜0.05).Compared with wild-type mice,CRTC2-/-mice showed worsened cardiac function,manifested as increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWT),heart weight/tibia length(HW/TL)and heart weight/body weight(HW/BW),decreased short axis shortening(FS)and ejection fraction(EF),increased collagen fiber content in cardiac tissue,upregulated ex-pression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy-related proteins ACTA1 and BNP,increased mRNA and protein expression of ferrop-tosis-related protein ACSL4,decreased mRNA and protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4,and elevated iron ion content in cardiac tissue(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).In vitro experiments showed that compared with ISO group,the ISO+Fer-1 group had no significant change in CRTC2 protein expression(P＞0.05),the expression of ACTA1 and BNP protein decreased,the surface area of cardiomyocyte reduced,the expression of ACSL4 protein decreased,and the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 proteins increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with the ISO group,the LV-CRTC2+ISO group showed a decrease in surface area of cardiomyocytes(P＜0.01),a decrease in ACTA1,BNP and ACSL4 protein ex-pression,an increase in SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression,and a decrease in ROS and iron ion content(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion CRTC2 alleviates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and protect cardiac function by suppressing fer-roptosis in cardiomyocytes.

Aim To investigate the effect and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)on ferroptosis in white adi-pocytes.Methods The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into white adipocytes by inducer stimulation.The experiment was divided into control group,Ang Ⅱ group,Ang Ⅱ+Fer-1(ferroptosis inhibitor)group and Ang Ⅱ+PFT-α(p53 inhibitor)group.Ang Ⅱ was used to treat cells.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of ferroptosis factors and adipokines.JC-1 kit was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)level.Iron ion kit was used to detect intracellular iron content.Glutathione(GSH)kit was used to detect GSH content.Fer-1 and Ang Ⅱ were added to treat cells to detect the the changes of ferroptosis level.The expression of p53 and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1(SAT1)protein was detected.Subsequently,PFT-α and Ang Ⅱ were added to co-treat cells to detect the changes of p53 and SAT1 protein expression,and to observe the effect of inhibiting p53 expression on the expression levels of ferroptosis factors and adipokines.Results 3T3-L1 cells were successfully differentiated into white adipocytes by stimulator-induced differentiation.Ang Ⅱ induced ferroptosis in white adipocytes.RT-qPCR results showed that compared with control group,the mRNA expression of anti-ferroptosis factor glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and iron regulatory protein 1(IRP-1)was down-regulated in Ang Ⅱ group,and the mRNA expression of pro-ferroptosis factor acyl-CoA synthetase of long-chain family member 4(ACSL4)was up-regulated.Western blot results showed that compared with control group,the protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 was down-regulated in Ang Ⅱ group,and the protein expression of ACSL4 was up-regulated.Ang Ⅱ treatment increased the content of intracellular iron ions and decreased the levels of GSH and MMP.Compared with Ang Ⅱ group,the mRNA expression of IRP-1 and SLC7A11 was up-regulated in Ang Ⅱ+Fer-1 group.Ang Ⅱ induced changes in the expression profile of adipokines in white adipocytes.Western blot results showed that compared with control group,the protein ex-pression of pro-inflammatory adipokine leptin(LEP),resistin(RETN),interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was up-regulated in Ang Ⅱ group,and the protein expression of anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin(AD-PN)and omentin 1(ITLN1)was down-regulated.In addition,Ang Ⅱ increased the protein expression of p53 and SAT1.Inhibition of p53 expression can improve the level of ferroptosis and adipokine expression in white adipocytes trea-ted with Ang Ⅱ.Western blot results showed that compared with Ang Ⅱ group,the protein expression of p53 and SAT1 was down-regulated in Ang Ⅱ+PFT-α group,the protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 was up-regulated,and the protein expression of ACSL4 was down-regulated.The protein expression of ADPN was up-regulated in Ang Ⅱ+PFT-αgroup,and the protein expression of TNF-α,LEP and RETN was down-regulated.Conclusion Ang Ⅱ induces fer-roptosis in white adipocytes through activating the p53/SAT1 signaling pathway.

To clarify the occurrence and distribution of broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2) on Rehmannia glutinosa, this study collected 87 R. glutinosa samples with typical symptoms of viral disease such as chlorosis and crumple from Wenxian county and Wuzhi county in Jiaozuo city, Henan province and Qiaocheng district in Bozhou city, Anhui province. The BBWV2 CP target band was amplified from 37 R. glutinosa samples by RT-PCR technology. The total detection rate reached 42.5%, among which 43.0% was detected in samples from Henan province. The detection rate in samples from Anhui province was 37.5%. 37 BBWV2 CP sequences were obtained by cloning and sequencing of BBWV2 positive samples(data has been submitted to GenBank, accession numbers: PP407959-PP407995), and the sequence analysis of these CP sequences with 91 other BBWV2 isolates in GenBank showed a high genetic diversity with a consistency rate of 70.8%-100%. Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis showed that BBWV2 could be divided into three groups according to CP sequences, among which the BBWV2 in R. glutinosa isolates obtained in this study were all located in group 3. This study identified the differences in the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of BBWV2 in R. glutinosa from Henan province and Anhui province and provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of BBWV2.
Rehmannia/virology* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/virology* ; China ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Fabavirus/classification*

Objective:To establish a novel method for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer(GC)by screening for the microRNAs within tumor-specific exosomes in peripheral blood.Methods:The gene expression omnibus database was used to download the GSE148334 and GSE130654 datasets of GC exosomes,and differentially expressed RNAs were obtained according to logFC>1 or logFC<-1 and P<0.05.TargetScan and ENCORI databases were used to predict the regulatory relationship between mRNA,miRNA,and ln-cRNA,and Cytoscape software was used to construct a ceRNA network and identify hub genes for validation.A total of 27 patients with early-stage GC,25 healthy controls,and 25 patients with other types of cancer were enrolled,and the ultracentrifugation method was used to isolate exosomes in serum.RT-qPCR was performed for RNA in serum and exosome samples to analyze the expression of hub genes in each group.Results:Three hub genes were identified by the bioinformatics method,namely hsa-miR-105-5p,hsa-miR-219b-3p,and hsa-miR-889-3p,and RT-qPCR showed that the GC group had a significantly higher expression level of hsa-miR-219b-3p in serum and exosome samples than the healthy control group and the other cancer group(serum:4.050±2.697 vs.1.357±0.857/1.934±2.434,P<0.05;exosomes:2.525±1.518 vs.0.774±0.559/1.259±2.127,P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the expression levels of hsa-miR-889-3p and hsa-miR-105-5p between the GC group and the other two groups(P>0.05).The re-ceiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve showed that hsa-miR-219b-3p in serum-derived exosomes had an area under the ROC curve of 0.896(95%CI=0.800-0.993),which was significantly better than the traditional tumor markers of carcinoembryonic antigen(P=0.015),CA19-9(P=0.021),and CA72-4(P=0.005),and there-fore,exosomal hsa-miR-219b-3p showed a better diagnostic efficacy in GC patients.Conclusion:This study shows that hsa-miR-219b-3p in serum-derived exosomes can be used as a potential marker for the early diagnosis of GC in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between vasoactive-inotropic score and 30-day mortality after surgery in acute Stanford type A aortic dissection(ATAAD) patients.Methods:The clinical data of 242 patients with ATAAD who underwent surgical treatment was retrospectively analyzed between November 2015 and May 2024. There were 172 males and 70 females. The average age was(53.1±11.9) years, ranging from 28 to 85 years. Patients were divided into death group(18 cases) and survival group(224 cases) according to the 30-day outcomes after surgery. The VIS at different time points and perioperative indexes of two groups of patients were analyzed, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of 30-day mortality after surgery in ATAAD patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve( ROC) was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of vasoactive-inotropic score. Results:Among 242 ATAAD patients, 18 patients died within 30 days after surgery, with a mortality rate of 7.4%. The age, incidence of pericardial tamponade/cardiogenic shock, incidence of malperfusion syndrome, cardiopulmonary bypass time, red blood cell transfusion intraoperative and in 24 hours postoperatively, ventilator assisted time, and incidence of major postoperative complications of patients in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group( P<0.05). The VIS of the death group was significantly higher than that of the survival group at all time points( P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve( AUC) of VIS for predicting death at each time point was greater than 0.500( P<0.05), with the highest AUC(0.906) of the second 24 hours(VISmax48h) in ICU. The optimal cut off value was determined to be 9, with a sensitivity of 0.944 and a specificity of 0.821. Logistic regression analysis showed that the VISmax48h of the second 24 hours in ICU was an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality after surgery in ATAAD patients( OR=1.462, 95% CI: 1.230-1.737, P<0.05). Conclusion:When VISmax48h≥9, patients with ATAAD have an increased risk of mortality after surgery. VISmax48h, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and red blood cell transfusion intraoperative in 24 hours postoperatively are independent risk factors for the 30-day mortality of ATAAD patients.

Artificial intelligence is profoundly reshaping both the research focus and clinical practice of laboratory medicine. Leveraging multi-dimensional, structured laboratory data, algorithm models like machine learning are forging a new class of " laboratory digital biomarkers." These biomarkers are redefining the role and value of lab data in the clinical decision-making pathway. It is crucial to examine the conceptual evolution and emerging trends of these biomarkers, analyzing their core advantages and current challenges. The research featured in this issue is noteworthy, as it contributes to the collective effort of establishing a robust framework for the development and application of digital laboratory biomarkers in our field.

Objective:To analyze the real-world practices of resecting sessile colorectal polyps of varying long diameters using cold forcep polypectomy (CFP), cold snare polypectomy (CSP), or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).Methods:A total of 12 290 nonpedunculated colorectal polyps of long diameter ≤19 mm (from 10 295 patients) were retrospectively enrolled from January 2022 to December 2023. Polypectomy was conducted by 30 endoscopists. The polyps were categorized into three groups based on long diameter: 1-5 mm, >5-10 mm and >10-19 mm, and the differences of polypectomy methods were compared in three groups. The usage of hemostatic clips in CSP among >5-10 mm polyps and the changes in resection methods between 2022 and 2023 were analyzed.Results:CFP (6 769 polyps, 81.7%) was the predominant method for resecting 1-5 mm sessile polyps (8 289 polyps). For sessile polyps sized >5-10 mm (2 455 polyps), CSP was used most (1 372, 55.9%), although its utilization varied significantly among physicians with the median usage rate of 52.9% (40.3%, 60.0%). EMR (1 349 poolyps, 87.3%) was the main method for >10-19 mm sessile polyps. The usage rate of CSP in sessile polypectomy for polyps >5-10 mm significantly increased from 45.7% (503/1 101) in 2022 to 64.2% (869/1 354) in 2023. The overall frequency of using clip in CSP for >5-10 mm sessile polyps was 40.1% (550/1 372), demonstrating notable variability among different endoscopists with median usage rate of 48.3% (29.8%, 67.9%).Conclusion:Varied resection methods are observed among endoscopists for sessile polyps measuring ≤19 mm. CFP is primarily utilized for polyps of 1-5 mm, while CSP is favored for polyps >5-10 mm, with an increasing annual usage rate. EMR is the main approach for the polyps >10-19 mm. Additionally, notable variations in the use of metal clips during CSP are observed among different physicians.