Small-molecule phenolic substances widely exist in animals and plants, and have some shared biological activities. The metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine in the human body, and especially the metabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters, produces endogenous small-molecule phenols. Endogenous small-molecule phenolic substances are functionally related to the important physiological processes and the occurrence of mental diseases in humans and some animals, which are systematically sorts and summarized in this review. Integrating the previous experimental research and literature analysis on natural small-molecule phenols by our research group, the understanding of the hypothesis that "small-molecule phenol are pharmacological signal carriers" was deepened. Based on above, the concept of "phenolomics" was further proposed, analyzed the research direction and research content which can bring into the knowledge framework of phenolomics. The induction of phenolomics will provide wider perspectives on explaining the pharmacological mechanism of drugs, discovering new drug targets, and finding biomarkers of mental diseases.

Objective:To explore the current status of surgery for portal hypertension to grasp current status and future development of surgery in China.Methods:This study is jointly sponsored by China Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Specialist Alliance & Portal Hypertension Alliance in China (CHESS).Comprehensive surveying is conducted for basic domestic situations of surgery for portal hypertension, including case load, surgical approaches, management of postoperative complications, primary effects, existing confusion and obstacles, liver transplantation(LT), laparoscopic procedures and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS), etc.Results:A total of 8 512 cases of portal hypertension surgery are performed at 378 hospitals nationwide in 2021.Splenectomy plus devascularization predominated(53.0%)and laparoscopy accounted for 76.1%.Primary goal is preventing rebleeding(67.0%) and 72.8% of hospitals used preventive anticoagulants after conventional surgery.And 80.7% of teams believe that the formation of postoperative portal vein thrombosis is a surgical dilemma and 65.3% of hospitals practiced both laparoscopy and TIPS.The major reasons for patients with portal hypertension not receiving LT are due to a lack of qualifications for LT(69.3%)and economic factors(69.0%).Conclusions:Surgery is an integral part of management of portal hypertension in China.However, it is imperative to further standardize the grasp of surgical indications, the handling of surgical operation and the management of postoperative complications.Moreover, prospective, multi-center randomized controlled clinical studies should be performed.

ObjectiveTo explore effect of Huanglian Jiedutang （HLJDT） on autophagy-related protein expression in septic mice with liver injury induced by cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）. MethodSixty eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups， namely， the sham operation group， model group， and low- （1.44 g∙kg^-1） and high-dose （2.88 g∙kg^-1） HLJDT groups， with 15 in each group. The septic model was established by CLP after the last administration of HLJDT for three successive days. The survival rate of mice with 24 h was observed. The mice were sacrificed 12 h after operation for collecting the serum and liver tissue. The levels of serum interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in serum by biochemical method. The pathological changes in liver tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the apoptosis index （AI） of hepatocytes by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling （TUNEL）. The expression levels of protein high-mobility group box 1 protein （HMGB1）， Beclin1， and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）-Ⅱ/Ⅰ in the liver tissue were assayed by Western blot. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed reduced survival rate at 12 and 24 h， elevated IL-6， TNF-α， and IL-1β levels， enhanced AST and ALT activities （P<0.05）， hepatocyte swelling， inflammatory cell infiltration， and apoptosis， and up-regulated HMGB1 （P<0.05）， Beclin1， and LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， each medication group exhibited increased survival rate at 12 and 24 h， lowered IL-6 and TNF-α levels， weakened AST and ALT activities （P<0.05）， alleviated liver injury and apoptosis （P<0.05）， down-regulated HMGB1 expression （ P<0.05）， and up-regulated Beclin1 and LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ （P<0.05）. ConclusionHLJDT alleviates the liver injury of septic mice possibly by inducing autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis.

Anemone is an important genus which was distributed widely and used to folk medicines in China. It is rich of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins,and more than 100 kinds of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins had been isolated and identified. Anemone has been used to treat punch injury and rheumatoid arthritis. This article reviews the latest research progress of Anemone decoction from two aspects: chemical constituents and pharmacological. It will provide reference for further research and development of Anemone.
Anemone ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Phytochemicals ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology

Objective: To analyze the longitudinal change of serum total cholesterol concentration in 733 rural residents in Shanxi province. Methods: Based on the residents of five rural areas in Shanxi province who participated in China nutrition and health survey in 2002, a follow-up survey was conducted in 2015. Fasting venous blood of the participants was collected and serum TC concentration was tested by cholesterol oxidase method. Results: Of 733 participants, 332 were male and 401 were female. In 2002 baseline survey, the age of the participants was (42.6±9.5) years old, 76.2% of male and 83.8% of female had junior middle school education or below. Proportion of smoking were 65.7% and 1.2%, drinking were 26.8% and 4.0%, obesity were 6.3% and 12.0%, and central obesity were 27.1% and 31.9%, respectively in male and female. The follow-up age of participants in 2015 was (55.8±9.5) years old, proportion of smoking changed to 48.2% and 1.5%, drinking were 49.7% and 3.0%, obesity increased to 11.8% and 18.2% and central obesity increased to 41.6% and 53.6%, respectively in male and female. The overall serum TC level increased from (3.82±0.89) mmol/L to (4.72±0.97) mmol/L with an average increase of 27.2%, which increased from (3.84±0.94) mmol/L to (4.54±0.93) mmol/L in male with an average increase of 22.7%, and increased from (3.81±0.84) mmol/L to (4.86±0.98) mmol/L in female with an average increase of 30.9%. The serum TC levels in 18-, 30-, 40-, and 50-59 years old group increased from (3.42±0.83), (3.72±0.77), (3.90±0.83) and (4.00±1.03) mmol/L to (4.38±1.01), (4.79±0.92), (4.73±0.99) and (4.76±0.96) mmol/L, with average increase range of 31.4%, 32.1%, 25.2% and 22.6%, respectively. The mean serum TC levels between two years all had statistically significant difference among groups of gender, age, education, marital status, family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking, drinking, BMI and waist circumference after paired t-test and ANOVA analysis (P<0.01). Conclusion The longitudinal serum TC level of rural residents in Shanxi province increased rapidly.

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics of simple testicular yolk sac tumor (YST) in children with those in adults so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the malignance. METHODS: This study included 75 cases of simple testicular YST pathologically confirmed between May 2008 and July 2018, which were divided into groups A (aged <18 years, n = 64) and B (aged ≥18 years, n = 11). We analyzed the clinical data on all the cases and compared the clinical manifestations, laboratory results, pathological findings, clinical stages, treatment methods and prognostic outcomes between the two groups of patients. RESULTS: The patients of group A ranged in age from 6 months to 5 years (［1.38 ± 0.89］ yr), with the tumor diameter of 0.9－6.0 (2.48 ± 1.12) cm, while those of group B from 25 to 49 years (median 34 years), with the tumor diameter of 3.5－6.3 (5.16 ± 1.32) cm, most presenting with a painless scrotal mass, 4 (6.2%) in group A and 5 (45.5%) in group B with testis pain. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the tumor diameter and initial manifestations (P < 0.05). All the patients were treated by radical high-level spermatectomy and orchiectomy and, in addition, 1 in group A and 3 in group B by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), 24 in the former and 5 in the latter group followed by chemotherapy. Elevated levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were observed in all the cases. Sixty-five of the patients were followed up for 10－78 (52.00 ± 23.78) months, during which 2 cases of simple metastasis, 3 cases of simple relapse, 3 cases of relapse with metastasis and 5 cases of death were found in group A, and 5 cases of simple metastasis, 1 case of simple relapse, 1 case of relapse with metastasis and 4 cases of death in group B. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the clinical manifestation, biological behavior, treatment and prognosis of testicular YST between children and adults. In children, most of the testicular YST cases are at clinical stage I and preferably treated by radical high-level spermatectomy and orchiectomy with favorable prognosis. In adults, however, the tumor is highly malignant, with high incidences of recurrence and metastasis and poor prognosis, for the treatment of which the first choice is radical high-level spermatectomy and orchiectomy combined with RPLND and chemotherapy.

Males typically have high rates of morbidity of primary bladder neck obstruction, while the existing urodynamic examination is invasive and more likely to cause false diagnosis. To build a non-invasive biomechanical detecting system for the male lower urinary tract, a finite element model for male lower urinary tract based on the collodion slice images of normal male lower urinary tract was constructed, and the fluid-structure interaction of the lower urinary tract was simulated based on the real urination environment. The finite element model of the lower urinary tract was validated by comparing the clinical experiment data with the simulation result. The stress, flow rate and deformation of the lower urinary tract were analyzed, and the results showed that the Von Mises stress and the wall shear stress at the membrane sphincter in the normal male lower urinary tract model reached a peak, and there was nearly 1 s delay than in the bladder pressure, which helped to validate the model. This paper lays a foundation for further research on the urodynamic response mechanism of the bladder pressure and flow rate of the lower urinary tract obstruction model, which can provide a theoretical basis for the research of non-invasive biomechanical detecting system.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important part of the treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC) in China; however, the current instructions for the integrative use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for PLC are mostly based on expert opinion. There is no evidence-based guideline for clinical practice in this field. Therefore, the Shanghai Association of Chinese Integrative Medicine has established a multidisciplinary working group to develop this guideline, which focuses on the most important questions about the use of TCM during PLC treatment. This guideline was developed following the methodological process recommended by the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development. Two rounds of questionnaire survey were performed to identify clinical questions; published evidence was searched; the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to evaluate the body of evidence; and recommendations were formulated by combining the quality of evidence, patient preferences and values, and other risk factors. The guideline was written based on the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare tool. This guideline contains 10 recommendations related to 8 questions, including recommendations for early treatment by TCM after surgery, TCM combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for advanced PLC, TCM drugs for external use, and acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Amphibian Venoms ; therapeutic use ; China ; Combined Modality Therapy ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; standards ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Neoplasm Staging ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

The paper takes the continuous nursing after fistulization in West China Hospital of Sichuan University as an example to analyze application situation and demand of the mobile medical APP,explains design principle,technology roadmap,function implementation,application mode and effect of the APP,points out that the application of the APP is able to improve service quality and enhance patient satisfaction.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/genetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Mutation