Radiation-induced thrombocytopenia(RIT)faces a perplexing challenge in the clinical treatment of cancer patients,and current therapeutic approaches are inadequate in the clinical settings.In this research,oxy-matrine,a new molecule capable of healing RIT was screened out,and the underlying regulatory mecha-nism associated with magakaryocyte(MK)differentiation and thrombopoiesis was demonstrated.The capacity of oxymatrine to induce MK differentiation was verified in K-562 and Meg-01 cells in vitro.The ability to induce thrombopoiesis was subsequently demonstrated in Tg(cd41:enhanced green fluorescent protein(eGFP))zebrafish and RIT model mice.In addition,we carried out network pharmacological pre-diction,drug affinity responsive target stability assay(DARTS)and cellular thermal shift assay(CETSA)analyses to explore the potential targets of oxymatrine.Moreover,the pathway underlying the effects of oxymatrine was determined by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses,Western blot(WB),and immunofluorescence.Oxymatrine markedly promoted MK differentiation and maturation in vitro.Moreover,oxymatrine induced thrombopoiesis in Tg(cd41:eGFP)zebrafish and accelerated thrombopoiesis and platelet function recovery in RIT model mice.Mechanistically,oxymatrine directly binds to toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)and further regulates the downstream pathway stimulator of interferon genes(STING)/nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB),which can be blocked by C29 and C-176,which are specific inhibitors of TLR2 and STING,respectively.Taken together,we demonstrated that oxymatrine,a novel TLR2 agonist,plays a critical role in accelerating MK differentiation and thrombopoiesis via the STING/NF-κB axis,suggesting that oxymatrine is a promising candidate for RIT therapy.

Radiation-induced thrombocytopenia (RIT) faces a perplexing challenge in the clinical treatment of cancer patients, and current therapeutic approaches are inadequate in the clinical settings. In this research, oxymatrine, a new molecule capable of healing RIT was screened out, and the underlying regulatory mechanism associated with magakaryocyte (MK) differentiation and thrombopoiesis was demonstrated. The capacity of oxymatrine to induce MK differentiation was verified in K-562 and Meg-01 cells in vitro. The ability to induce thrombopoiesis was subsequently demonstrated in Tg (cd41:enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)) zebrafish and RIT model mice. In addition, we carried out network pharmacological prediction, drug affinity responsive target stability assay (DARTS) and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) analyses to explore the potential targets of oxymatrine. Moreover, the pathway underlying the effects of oxymatrine was determined by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, Western blot (WB), and immunofluorescence. Oxymatrine markedly promoted MK differentiation and maturation in vitro. Moreover, oxymatrine induced thrombopoiesis in Tg (cd41:eGFP) zebrafish and accelerated thrombopoiesis and platelet function recovery in RIT model mice. Mechanistically, oxymatrine directly binds to toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and further regulates the downstream pathway stimulator of interferon genes (STING)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), which can be blocked by C29 and C-176, which are specific inhibitors of TLR2 and STING, respectively. Taken together, we demonstrated that oxymatrine, a novel TLR2 agonist, plays a critical role in accelerating MK differentiation and thrombopoiesis via the STING/NF-κB axis, suggesting that oxymatrine is a promising candidate for RIT therapy.

Objective:To study the allocation efficiency of private ophthalmology health resources in Shanxi,and to provide references for improving the allocation efficiency of health resources in Chinese private ophthalmology medical institutions.Methods:The resource allocation and services of 70 private ophthalmic medical institutions in Shanxi were collected through a questionnaire survey,and Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)was used to evaluate the efficiency of health resource allocation in medical institutions of Shanxi.Results:The average values of technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency,and scale efficiency of health resource allocation in private ophthalmic medical institutions in Shanxi were 0.963,0.980,and 0.982,respectively.Among the 70 private ophthalmology institutions,7 institutions were DEA-strongly efficient in health resource allocation,26 institutions were DEA-weakly efficient,37 institutions were non-DEA efficient,15 institutions had constant return to scale,40 institutions had increasing return to scale,and 15 institutions had decreasing return to scale.The allocation of health resources in 7 cities,including Taiyuan,Datong,and Shuozhou,etc.were DEA-strongly efficient;Changzhi and Jincheng were DEA-weakly efficient,both with increasing return to scale;and Linfen was non-DEA efficient with increasing return to scale.Conclusion:The efficiency of health resource allocation in some municipalities of Shanxi needs to be improved;the level of inter-organization varied,and the problems of insufficient resources and wasted inputs coexisted.In the future,ophthalmic resources should be rationally allocated,and input and output indicators should be adjusted according to the actual situation.

Objective:To study the allocation efficiency of private ophthalmology health resources in Shanxi,and to provide references for improving the allocation efficiency of health resources in Chinese private ophthalmology medical institutions.Methods:The resource allocation and services of 70 private ophthalmic medical institutions in Shanxi were collected through a questionnaire survey,and Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)was used to evaluate the efficiency of health resource allocation in medical institutions of Shanxi.Results:The average values of technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency,and scale efficiency of health resource allocation in private ophthalmic medical institutions in Shanxi were 0.963,0.980,and 0.982,respectively.Among the 70 private ophthalmology institutions,7 institutions were DEA-strongly efficient in health resource allocation,26 institutions were DEA-weakly efficient,37 institutions were non-DEA efficient,15 institutions had constant return to scale,40 institutions had increasing return to scale,and 15 institutions had decreasing return to scale.The allocation of health resources in 7 cities,including Taiyuan,Datong,and Shuozhou,etc.were DEA-strongly efficient;Changzhi and Jincheng were DEA-weakly efficient,both with increasing return to scale;and Linfen was non-DEA efficient with increasing return to scale.Conclusion:The efficiency of health resource allocation in some municipalities of Shanxi needs to be improved;the level of inter-organization varied,and the problems of insufficient resources and wasted inputs coexisted.In the future,ophthalmic resources should be rationally allocated,and input and output indicators should be adjusted according to the actual situation.

The relevant state departments issued a series of cost accounting systems,and put forward three disease cost accounting methods:project superposition method,service unit superposition method and parameter allocation method.Among them,parameter allocation method is not paid attention to in the theory and practice of hospital disease cost accounting.Based on the literature research,it clarifies the related concepts of disease cost accounting based on parameter allocation method,combs and summarizes the characteristics,accounting models and existing problems of disease cost accounting at home and abroad at present,and discusses the optimization and improvement path in order to promote the further improvement and popularization of this method and accelerate the extensive practical application of accounting results.

The relevant state departments issued a series of cost accounting systems,and put forward three disease cost accounting methods:project superposition method,service unit superposition method and parameter allocation method.Among them,parameter allocation method is not paid attention to in the theory and practice of hospital disease cost accounting.Based on the literature research,it clarifies the related concepts of disease cost accounting based on parameter allocation method,combs and summarizes the characteristics,accounting models and existing problems of disease cost accounting at home and abroad at present,and discusses the optimization and improvement path in order to promote the further improvement and popularization of this method and accelerate the extensive practical application of accounting results.

The relevant state departments issued a series of cost accounting systems,and put forward three disease cost accounting methods:project superposition method,service unit superposition method and parameter allocation method.Among them,parameter allocation method is not paid attention to in the theory and practice of hospital disease cost accounting.Based on the literature research,it clarifies the related concepts of disease cost accounting based on parameter allocation method,combs and summarizes the characteristics,accounting models and existing problems of disease cost accounting at home and abroad at present,and discusses the optimization and improvement path in order to promote the further improvement and popularization of this method and accelerate the extensive practical application of accounting results.

The relevant state departments issued a series of cost accounting systems,and put forward three disease cost accounting methods:project superposition method,service unit superposition method and parameter allocation method.Among them,parameter allocation method is not paid attention to in the theory and practice of hospital disease cost accounting.Based on the literature research,it clarifies the related concepts of disease cost accounting based on parameter allocation method,combs and summarizes the characteristics,accounting models and existing problems of disease cost accounting at home and abroad at present,and discusses the optimization and improvement path in order to promote the further improvement and popularization of this method and accelerate the extensive practical application of accounting results.

The relevant state departments issued a series of cost accounting systems,and put forward three disease cost accounting methods:project superposition method,service unit superposition method and parameter allocation method.Among them,parameter allocation method is not paid attention to in the theory and practice of hospital disease cost accounting.Based on the literature research,it clarifies the related concepts of disease cost accounting based on parameter allocation method,combs and summarizes the characteristics,accounting models and existing problems of disease cost accounting at home and abroad at present,and discusses the optimization and improvement path in order to promote the further improvement and popularization of this method and accelerate the extensive practical application of accounting results.

Objective This paper aims to assist the hospital in managing billing and refunding risks from the billing pol-icy of"diagnosis and treatment before payment"by analyzing situations of outpatient and emergency fee refunds at a stomatologi-cal hospital to provide references for outpatient billing and refunding in stomatological hospitals.Methods Through analyzing outpatient and emergency billing and refunding data from stomatological hospitals over a certain period,this paper investigated the causes and risk factors associated with outpatient billing and refunding.According to various risk factors,this paper comprehen-sively considered internal control requirements,cost efficiency,and patient satisfaction,and adopted ESIA analysis to propose corresponding refined management measures.Results Implementing of the relevant refined management measures,the number of prescriptions provided without charging and refunding decreased significantly.The issue of patients missing payments improved significantly,and the risks associated with billing and refunding were significantly reduced.Conclusion Under the"diagnosis and treatment before payment"mode,this paper suggests that stomatological hospitals should optimize the management of billing and refunding,enhance the medical services,improve internal control mechanism,and keep the information updated to effective-ly control related risks.