OBJECTIVE: We investigated a possible use of the induced apoptosis as a biomarker in the cells and their media treated with commonly used anti-cancer agents in gynecologic malignancies. METHODS: After treatments with low and high concentrations of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and camptothecin in HeLa and OVCAR-3 cells, the levels of M30 antigen were detected in the cells and their media by immunofluorescence staining and ELISA methods, respectively. RESULTS: The percentages of M30-fluoresein isothiocyanate (FITC) positive cells in HeLa and OVCAR-3 cells treated with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and camptothecin were 4.3% vs 18.1% vs 34.87% and 4.07% vs 18.6% vs 32.63%, 4.3% vs 17.87% vs 32.38% and 4.07% vs 16.83% vs 32%, and 4.3% vs 16.75% vs 31.3% and 4.07% vs 15.18% vs 29.9% in control, low dose, and hight dose groups, respectively (P<0.001). M30 antigen levels (U/L) measured in culture media of HeLa and OVCAR-3 cells treated with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and camptothecin were 53.03 vs 101.53 vs 355.59 and 86 vs 114.41 vs 412.04, 53.03 vs 79.84 vs 327.64 and 86 vs 125.44 vs 385.09, and 53.03 vs 88.41 vs 295.005 and 86 vs 108.42 vs 263.1 in control, low dose, and hight dose groups, respectively (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results obtained in this preclinical study suggests that measurement of the levels of M30 antigen may help to predict the clinical responses and to select the effective anti-cancer agents in clinical settings, rapidly and quantitatively.
Apoptosis ; Camptothecin ; Cell Line ; Cisplatin ; Culture Media ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Isothiocyanates ; Paclitaxel

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect the levels of M30-antigens as a biomarker of apoptosis in cells and their culture media after treatments with anticancer drugs as a preclinical study. METHODS: After HeLa and OVCAR-3 cells were treated respectively with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and camptothecin, the harvested cells were stained sequentially with M30 monoclonal antibodies and propidium iodide (PI). Afterwards, they were analyzed using a FACScan flow cytometer and observed under an immunofluorescence microscope for M30-FITC immunofluorescences. Levels of M30 antigens were also detected in their culture media using M30-Apoptosense ELISA kit. RESULTS: The levels of M30-FITC immunofluorescences were elevated in both cell lines after each drug treatments compared with those of control cells. The levels of M30 antigens detected by ELISA in media culturing each cell line treated with each of drugs were elevated compared with those of control cells. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that M30-antigens representing chemotherapy induced apoptosis may be a useful biomarker for predicting and monitoring the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gynecologic cancers.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Apoptosis ; Camptothecin ; Cell Line ; Cisplatin ; Culture Media ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Paclitaxel ; Propidium

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), karyotyping, brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), electroencephalogram (EEG), tandem mass screening test, and newborn metabolic screening test in children with language delay for diagnosing underlying diseases. METHODS: From January 2000 to June 2007, a retrospective chart review was performed for 122 children with language delay who visited the Child Neurology Clinic at Yeungnam University Hospital and who underwent neuropsychologic tests and other diagnostic evaluations for underlying diseases. They were grouped into phenomenological diagnostic categories, and test results were analyzed according to the underlying diseases. RESULTS: Of 122 patients, 47 (38.5%) had mental retardation, 40 (32.8%) had developmental language disorders, 23 (18.9%) had borderline IQ, and 12 (9.8%) had autism spectrum disorder. In 26 (21.3%) cases, the causes or relevant clinical findings to explain language delay were found. Eight (10.4%) of 77 MRIs, 6 (8.0%) of 75 EEGs, and 4 (5%) of 80 BAEPs showed abnormal results. Results directly attributed to diagnosing underlying diseases were 2 hearing defects in BAEPs and 1 bilateral perisylvian cortical dysplasia in MRIs. No abnormal results were found in karyotyping, tandem mass screening tests, and newborn screening tests. CONCLUSION: Commonly used tests to diagnose the cause of language delay are not very effective and should only be used selectively, according to patient characteristics. However, despite the low diagnostic yields from these tests, because many patients show abnormal results, these tests are useful when conducted in complete evaluation.
Child ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hearing ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotyping ; Language Development Disorders ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Mass Screening ; Neurology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: The results of previous studies suggest that portion size is a major factor dictating dietary energy intake. We investigated the relationship between frequencies of rice meals, bowl volumes, and dietary energy intake in a sample of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 203 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in the study. A one-week food diary was collected from each patient and used to assess the types of meal consumed as well as the context of consumption. The volumes of the eating vessels (rice, soup and side dish bowls) used by each patient were obtained by comparisons to measuring cylinders, and dietary energy and macronutrient intake were estimated for each patient by consulting three-day dietary records. RESULTS: The mean age of the 203 subjects (male: 76, female: 127) was 53.9 +/- 9.1 years and the average body mass index (BMI) was 25.6 +/- 4.2 kg/m2. Among the subjects who ate three times per day, 96.4% consumed rice more than twice out of three meals. The median volume of rice bowls used by patients was 350 cc, of soup bowls was 530 cc and of side dish bowls was 260 cc. Portion size, as estimated by rice bowl volume, was not associated with BMI. Male subjects tended to eat out of larger rice and soup bowls (P < 0.001). Portion size was correlated with energy intake from rice (P = 0.021), but not with total energy intake (kcal/kg/day), especially in male subjects. CONCLUSION: Portion size of rice bowl was correlated with energy intake from rice, but not with total energy intake in male subjects with type 2 diabetes. To design effective meal planning methods for patients with type 2 diabetes, further prospective studies are warranted to investigate causative relationships between portion size andmetabolic conditions as well as variation by gender.
Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet, Diabetic ; Diet Records ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Humans ; Male ; Meals

Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCAC) is a rare cancer that comprises less than 9% of the cervical adenocarcinoma cases. We experienced a case of fertility-sparing radical abdominal trachelectomy for cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCAC). Thus, reported it. A 27 year old female was diagnosed with clinical stage Ib cervical CCAC. She had no history of maternal exposure to diethylstilbestrol and had negative PAP cytology and HPV tests. She was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical abdominal trachelectomy. After 2 cycles of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, the lesion disappeared completely in an imaging study, and potential fertility was preserved. Radical abdominal trachelectomy with chemotherapy may be a valuable approach for treating stage Ib cervical CCAC in women that wish to preserve potential fertility.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Diethylstilbestrol ; Female ; Fertility ; Humans ; Maternal Exposure ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Myxoid neurofibroma is a benign tumor of perineural cell origin, which is demonstrated with a positive immunohistochemical stainig for S-100. The most common locations of the myxoid neurofibroma are face, shoulder, arm, periungual and foot. We experienced an unusual case of myxoid neurofibroma which originated from labia majora area then reported it. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a labia majora location is reported.
Arm ; Foot ; Neurofibroma ; Shoulder

Myxoid neurofibroma is a benign tumor of perineural cell origin, which is demonstrated with a positive immunohistochemical stainig for S-100. The most common locations of the myxoid neurofibroma are face, shoulder, arm, periungual and foot. We experienced an unusual case of myxoid neurofibroma which originated from labia majora area then reported it. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a labia majora location is reported.
Arm ; Foot ; Neurofibroma ; Shoulder

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of physeal bar resection and free fat graft as a treatment method for partial epiphyseal closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen cases of partial epiphyseal closure (4 of the distal femur, 8 of the distal tibia and one of the distal radius) were subjected to physeal bar resection. All of the cases were caused by trauma. The physeal bar was central in 3 cases, peripheral in 9, and mixed (central-peripheral) in 1. Mean patient age at surgery was 10.7 years and mean follow-up period was 47 months. Final results were evaluated by a modified Williamson-Staheli classification. RESULTS: Results at final follow-up were as follows: 6 satisfactory (3 excellent and 3 good) and 7 unsatisfactory (5 fair and 2 poor). Satisfactory results according to location and region of the physeal bar were as follows: distal tibia, 5 of 8 cases; distal femur, 1 of 4; central, 1 of 3; peripheral, 4 of 9; and mixed, 1 of 1. When considered by areal extent, physeal bars occupying 30% or less of the bone's cross-sectional area showed satisfactory results in 5 of 7 cases, while in 6 cases with the physeal bar over 30%, 5 were unsatisfactory. CONCLUSION: Accurate preoperative evaluation of the size and type of the physeal bar, and meticulous surgical technique, are important predictors of satisfactory outcome of physeal bar resection. Cases where the physeal bar extent exceeded 30% had mostly unsatisfactory results.
Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Tibia ; Transplants

PURPOSE: There is a controversy about whether the use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in orthopedic reconstructive surgery can increase the possibility of cardiovascular dysfunction. This study was undertaken to determine if cemented hemiarthroplasty is safe for treating femoral neck fracture in patients with ischemic heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between March 1999 and February 2004, we performed cemented hemiarthroplasties for displaced femoral neck fractures in 158 consecutive patients. This retrospective study consisted of 44 patients with ischemic heart disease (group 1) and 58 age matched control patients (group 2). We compared the mortality rate, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular disease, dislocation and deep infection, the amount of postoperative blood loss and the grade of cementation according to the schema of Barrack on the radiograph between the two groups. RESULTS: No difference was found in the perioperative mortality rate, the deep infection rate, the incidence of DVT or pulmonary embolism, the newly developed heart ischemic events or brain hemorrhagic lesions between the two groups. But there was a greater incidence of dislocation related to weakness from past brain ischemic lesion and the newly developed brain ischemia in group 1 than in group 2 (p<0.05). More importantly, six patients in group 1 had transient symptoms of dyspnea, signs of hypotension and bradycardia within two days postoperatively, which raises suspicions of embolic phenomenon, even though this was not confirmed. CONCLUSION: Close and careful observations should be done for the occurrence of dislocation related to previous brain ischemia, or newly developed brain ischemic lesion or embolic phenomenon. Appropriate thromboprophylaxis is necessary in patients with ischemic heart disease after cemented hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fracture.
Bradycardia ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Cementation ; Dislocations ; Dyspnea ; Femoral Neck Fractures* ; Femur Neck* ; Heart ; Hemiarthroplasty* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Orthopedics ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Venous Thrombosis

OBJECTIVE: There is need for more objective diagnostic parameters to identify cervical dysplastic or neoplastic cells. So, we examined the p16(INK4A) expression in the cervical tissues to evaluate the value of p16(INK4A) as a diagnostic parameter. METHODS: We examined the p16(INK4A) expression by immunohistochemical staining in normal cervical tissues (n=3), preneoplastic lesions (n=6), carcinoma in situ (CIS, n=5), and invasive carcinomas (n=5) of the cervix, which were selected randomly by H and E staining from the archives of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues and we also examined the status of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the same tissues. RESULTS: The positive rates of p16(INK4A) expression was significantly higher in all abnormal cervical tissues including subclinical papillomavirus infection (SPI), dysplasia, CIS, and invasive carcinoma than in normal cervical epithelium (p=0.001). Despite the strong expression of p16(INK4A) in the area of CIS, no expression of p16(INK4A) was observed in the area of normal epithelium in the vicinity of CIS. 11 cases among 19 cases of examined tissue samples were tested for HPV infection. Seven of them showed positivity for HPV DNA. CONCLUSION: We herein demonstrated that p16(INK4A) would be a sensitive and specific marker for the abnormal cervical cells in tissue sections. This approach will help to reduce interobserver variations in the histopathologic interpretation of cervical biopsy specimens.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Cervix Uteri ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16* ; Diagnosis* ; DNA ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Observer Variation ; Papillomavirus Infections