N-glycosylation is a crucial posttranslational modification of proteins that can modulate their functions and plays key roles in various biological processes. Current research has revealed that alterations in protein N-glycosylation are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of multiple ocular diseases. N-glycosylation detection methods can identify changes in N-glycans on proteins; therefore, understanding these techniques and their application value in ocular diseases is important. This article provides a systematic review of the current state of N-glycosylation detection methods, including techniques such as capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. It also offers a detailed discussion on the specific applications of these technologies in the study of various ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and vernal keratoconjunctivitis/atopic keratoconjunctivitis.

Objective: To explore the intervention effects of different exercise modalities on executive function in school aged children, providing references for formulating exercise prescriptions to promote school aged children executive function. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM to identify studies on the effects of exercises on executive function in school aged children. The search period spanned from the database inception to August 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Network Meta analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. Results: A total of 51 studies involving 5 710 school aged children and seven modalities of exercises(control group,small ball sports,large ball sports,aerobic exercise,combined exercise,sport game,gymnastic and dance sports) were finally included. Network Meta analysis showed that, in terms of inhibitory control development of school aged children, small ball sports ( SMD =-0.98,95% CI =-1.32 to -0.64 ), large ball sports ( SMD =-0.64,95% CI =-0.91 to -0.36), and mixed sports ( SMD =-0.26,95% CI =-0.50 to -0.02]) were more effective than the control group; in terms of working memory, largeball sports ( SMD =-1.26,95% CI =-1.88 to -0.65) and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.91,95% CI =-1.64 to -0.19) were superior to the control group; in terms of improving cognitive flexibility, large ball sports ( SMD =-1.02,95% CI =-1.28 to -0.76), gymnastics and dance sports ( SMD =-0.80,95% CI =-1.21 to -0.40), and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.75,95% CI =-1.15 to -0.36) were more effective than the control group (all P <0.05). Surface under cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) showed that small ball sports had the highest value (SUCRA=98.9%) in improving inhibitory control, while large ball sports achieved the highest score(SUCRA=92.6%) in enhancing working memory, and large ball sports also had the highest value(SUCRA=94.7%) in promoting cognitive flexibility. Conclusions For developing inhibitory control in school aged children, small ball sports are recommended as a priority. For enhancing working memory and cognitive flexibility, large ball sports are recommended.

Objective To implement the disease prevention and control strategy of being ^"proactive and grassroots-focused,^" and to enhance the overall effectiveness of general hospitals in the tertiary prevention of cervical cancer, this consensus aims to provide an actionable guiding framework for the standardized construction of ^"Integrated Outpatient Clinics for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control^" in general hospitals at all levels. Methods This consensus systematically elaborates on the specific elements for establishing such integrated clinics and formulates the corresponding standards. Results It is anticipated that the consensus will promote the establishment of standardized, homogeneous, and high-efficiency frontline positions for cervical cancer prevention and control within general hospitals, thereby contributing to the strategic vision of accelerating the elimination of cervical cancer. Conclusion The formulation and promotion of the consensus aim to provide robust clinical practice support for accelerating the realization of China's strategic vision of eliminating cervical cancer.

Health economics evidence plays an important role in linking clinical value evidence with health resource allocation decisions in the development of clinical practice guidelines. It can not only effectively balance clinical effectiveness and economic feasibility but also avoid forming "idealized" recommendations that are detached from the affordability of the healthcare system or the burden-bearing capacity of patients. To promote guideline developers to use health economics evidence more standardizedly and fully, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the current application status, existing challenges, access channels, and application processes of health economics evidence in current guidelines, and on this basis, puts forward considerations and suggestions for strengthening and standardizing the application of health economics evidence in China's clinical practice guidelines.

Mental state is an important part of the normal life activities of the human body, and it is also the most external expression and the most easily obtained information of the physical condition. The normal activities of the mind depend on the normal operation of the viscera, qi, and blood, and are a unified whole that prospers together and suffers together. The theory of the five-spirit-viscera in the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic revealed that the normal mental activities of the human body were dominated by the five internal organs, that is, the five internal organs were the body and the five spirits were the function. And it highlighted the viewpoint that the five internal organs store the spirits and are actually one. The heart governs the spirit and belongs to the four internal organs. On this basis, Synopsis of Golden Chamber used the internal organs to diagnose and treat mental diseases, integrating the theory of the five spirits into it, forming a unique method of diagnosis and treatment with the heart as the leading factor and regulating the qi and blood of the four internal organs. It identified the pathogenesis of diseases such as pathogenic crying, lily disease, and hysteria from five levels: heart deficiency and weak qi, heart-lung disharmony, heart-liver disharmony, the heart of the loss of the spleen nourishment, and disharmony between heart and kidney. The treatment was mainly to replenish the deficiency of the viscera and eliminate the pathogens, reflecting the characteristics of regulating the mind and calming the four internal organs. This unique view on diagnosis and treatment has profoundly influenced the diagnosis and treatment theories of mental illnesses by later doctors, and is of great significance to the current clinical treatment of such illnesses.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical data of the immunocompromised patients complicated with Pneumo-cystis jirovecii pneumonia(PJP)and explore the values of G test and lymphocyte subsets in diagnosis of the PJP in the immunocompromised patients.METHODS A total of 78 immunocompromised patients who were treated in respiratory intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from Jan.2019 to Dec.2021 wee recruited as the research subjects,39 of whom had PJP and were assigned as the PJP group,39 did not have PJP and were assigned as the non-PJP group.The clinical data were compared between the two groups.The values of the clinical laboratory test indexes in diagnosis of PJP in the immunocompromised patients were analyzed by means of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS The mortality rate of the PJP group was higher than that of the non-PJP group(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in the white blood cell(WBC)counts,neutrophils(Neu)counts,platelet distribution width(PDW),procalcitonin(PCT),C-reac-tive protein(CRP)and GM test between the PJP group and the non-PJP group;the G test was(1843.59±1621.41)pg/ml in the PJP group,(87.15±111.01)pg/ml in the non-PJP group;the percentage of CD8 lympho-cyte was(36.22±19.34)％in the PJP group,(25.99±13.10)％in the non-PJP group,and there were significant differences(P＜0.05).The areas under the curves(AUCs)of the G test and the percentage of CD8 lymphocyte were respectively 0.981 and 0.714 in diagnosis of PJP in the immunocompromised patients,and the cutoff values were 368.40 pg/ml and 31.30％,respectively.CONCLUSIONS It is necessary for the clinicians to pay great attention to the high mortality rate of the immunocompromised patients complicated with severe pneumonia.The G test and the percentage of CD8 lymphocyte have certain values in diagnosis of PJP in the immunocompromised patients.

Objective:To evaluate the clinically curative effect of intervention treatment of electronic bronchoscope in treating tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage.Methods:Sixty patients with tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage(type I,II,III and VI)who admitted to Liuzhou People's Hospital from September 2020 to September 2023 were selected,and they were divided into drug group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment)and combination group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment+interventional treatment with electronic bronchoscope)by the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The curative effects of the two groups were observed,and the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria,clinical symptom scores(cough symptom,expectoration symptom)before and after treatment,Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale(mMRC)score between two groups were compared,and the differences in indicators of pulmonary function such as forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC)and maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)between the two groups also were compared.And then,the incidence of complications was calculated.Results:During the 1,2 and 3 months of follow-up,there were respectively 21 cases,27 cases and 30 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the combination group,and there were respectively 15 cases,18 cases and 23 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the drug group.At the 1st month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in combination group was higher than that in drug group,while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).At the 2nd and 3rd month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in the combination group was higher than that in the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=7.200,7.925,P<0.05).The effective rate of treatment of the combination group was 100%,which was higher than 80%of the drug group,and the difference of that between two groups was significant(x2=6.667,P<0.05).After 2 months of treatment,the mMRC score,cough symptom score and expectoration symptom score of the combination group were all lower than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.504,3.950,3.530,P<0.05).The improvement effects of FEV1,FVC and MVV of the combination group were all better than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.626,4.966,4.097,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Anti-tuberculosis drug therapy combined with electronic bronchoscopy intervention has a good therapeutic effect in clinically active tracheobronchial tuberculosis.

This study was aimed at understanding the relationships among the drug resistance and genome characteristics of group A Streptococcus in Jiangsu Province.A total of 149 group A Streptococcus strains were collected from hospitals between 2016 and 2023.Thirteen antimicrobial minimal inhibitory concentrations were detected with the micro-dilution broth method.The GAS strains were typed with emm genotyping analysis and whole genome sequencing,to determine the carriage rates of drug resistance genes and the evolutionary relationships among strains.The resistance rates of 149 GAS strains to erythromy-cin,tetracycline,and clindamycin exceeded 90％,whereas the strains showed sensitivity to 8 different antibiotics,including penicillin.Notably,the resistance rates to erythromycin,tetracycline,and clindamycin consistently increased over time.All strains were classified into 9 emm types,among which emm12 accounted for the highest proportion(77/149;51.68％).Signifi-cant statistical differences were observed among emm types,in terms of the drug resistance rate,number of resistant species,and prevalence of drug resistance genes.Furthermore,SNP evolutionary tree analysis revealed 3 distinct clusters within the GAS strains:emm12,emm1,and other emm types.emm 12 and emm1 were the dominant GAS strains in Jiangsu Province.Most isolates were resistant to erythromycin,tetracycline,and clindamycin.Differences in phenotypes and genomic characteris-tics were observed among emm types.

Objective:To examine the relationship between college students'core self-evaluation and academic burnout,and to provide empirical support for intervention strategies.Methods:A two-point longitudinal study was conducted with 245 medical students over a period of 18 months(T1:May 2023,T2:November 2024)to assess participants'core self-evaluation level using the Core Self-Evaluation Scale(CSES),and the overall burnout level u-sing the Academic Study Burnout Inventory(ASBI).Cross-lagged panel model was applied to examine the bidirec-tional causal relationship.Results:The cross-lagged results showed that core self-evaluation score in T1 negatively predicted academic burnout score inT2(β=-0.21,P＜0.01),and academic burnout score in T1 also negatively predicted core self-evaluation score in T2(β=-0.20,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Core self-evaluations and academic burnout exhibit a reciprocal predictive relationship over time.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum interleukin-17(IL-17)and soluble hemoglobin scavenger receptor 163(sCD163)for early anastomotic leakage in patients with colorectal cancer after laparoscopic surgery.Methods From June 2022 to June 2024,80 colorectal cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery were selected as the study subjects.Patients were subdivided into an anastomotic leakage group(17 cases)and a non-anastomotic leakage group(63 cases)according to whether an anastomotic leakage occurred within 7 d postoperatively.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect the levels of serum IL-17 and sCD163 in patients on preoperative day 1,postoperative day 1,postoperative day 3,postoperative day 5,and postoperative day 7.The clinical data of the two groups were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of early anastomotic leakage in colorectal cancer patients after laparoscopic surgery.The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)was applied to analyze the predictive value of serum IL-17 and sCD163 levels for early anastomotic leakage in colorectal cancer patients after laparoscopic surgery.Results The percentage of distance between tumor and anus＜7 cm was higher in the anastomotic leakage group than that in the non-anastomotic leakage group,and the amount of drainage was more than that in the non-anastomotic leakage group at 7 d postoperatively,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the levels of serum IL-17 and sCD163 between the two groups of patients at different time points,as well as in time and interaction effects(P＜0.05).Distance between tumor and anus＜7 cm(O R=3.176,95％CI:1.128～8.940),serum IL-17 level ≥ 43.95 pg/mL at 3 d postoperatively(O R=2.145,95％CI:1.281～3.592),and serum sCD163 level ≥ 81.02 pg/mL at 5d postoperatively(OR=1.852,95％CI:1.225～2.801)were the risk factors of early anastomotic leakage in patients with colorectal cancer after laparoscopic surgery(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the combination of serum IL-17 and sCD163 in predicting early anastomotic leakage in colorectal cancer patients after laparoscopic surgery was 0.923,which was superior to the single diagnosis of serum IL-17 and sCD163(Zcombination-IL-17=2.77,Zcombination-sCD163=2.11,P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum IL-17 and sCD163 levels are elevated in colorectal cancer patients with early anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic surgery.The combined detection of the two has certain clinical value in predicting early anastomotic leakage in patients with colorectal cancer after laparoscopic surgery.