Two sizes of acetaminophen injection, 500 and 1,000 mg, have been approved for use in the USA and Europe, while only 1,000 mg has been approved in Japan. In Japan, overdosage of intravenous acetaminophen has been reported in pediatric patients. It is necessary align with international practices and introduce a 500 mg dosage, as in the USA and Europe. Therefore, we conducted a 6-month survey at Kyoto Chubu Medical Center from October 2020, focusing on single dose intravenous acetaminophen. Out of 400 cases, 333 (83.3%) received a single dose of 1,000 mg, 49 cases (12.3%) received 500 mg. Among children (< 15 years), all 17 cases (100%) received a single dose of 500 mg or less; in adults (≥ 15 years), out of 383 cases, 45 cases (11.7%) received 500 mg or less. The most commonly used single dose of intravenous acetaminophen was 1,000 mg, followed by 500 mg. These findings suggest that 1,000 mg is less necessary in children if 500 mg is available, and that, in adults, 1,000 mg may not always be required. In Japan, to avoid overdose in children and optimize dosage in adults, early introduction of 500 mg intravenous acetaminophen is crucial.

Mouthwash is used to support brushing because it is distributed throughout the oral cavity. In this study, we examined the efficacy of a mixture of three hot water extracts (from Hordeum vulgare L, Apocynum venetum L, and Brasenia schreberi J. F. Gmel) for the purpose of developing an effective mouthwash. The mixture suppressed enhanced tumor necrosis factor α and matrix metalloproteinase 3 gene expression by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulation in human gingival fibroblasts. Furthermore, human studies using a mouthwash containing the plant extracts (MW) improved gingival index and bleeding on probing in the gum, and reduced the concentration of methyl mercaptan, which causes bad breath, in the mouth. These findings suggest that continued use of MW has positive effects on gingival inflammation and halitosis, and is useful for maintaining oral health.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a metabolic disorder that is caused by acute lysis of massive tumor cells. We report a case with opioids-related severe respiratory depression induced by TLS. A 39-year-old man received chemotherapy for mycosis fungoides. Two hours after administration of chemotherapeutic agents, his renal function worsened, and he was diagnosed with TLS by laboratory and clinical findings. Moreover, he showed severe respiratory depression and pinpoint pupils, and become drowsy. These symptoms were attributed to oxycodone that had been administered to treat his tumor-related cutaneous pain, and were improved by injection of anti-opioids agent naloxone. In this case, we consider that the clearance of oxycodone was disrupted by renal dysfunction caused by TLS, leading to enhancement of the effects of oxycodone.

No abstract available.
Carcinosarcoma*

Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) Japanese version was implemented to electronic medical chart (FUJITSU HOPE/EGMAIN-FX®). The processes were needed as follows; preparation of each templates (criteria for use of the LCP/initial assessment, ongoing assessment, and care after death), preparation of pathway/regimen, incorporation of the templates to the pathway and approval in our hospital clinical pathway committee. One problem we encountered was whether to choose an Excel or a template format for each assessment sheet, and the template format was selected as it presented us with a higher degree of convenience, since each field can be expanded into a table on the screen without scrolling and there is little limitation in the letters of the valiance records that can be used in the template format. The complexity of the three records, “the pathway”, “SOAP & focus” for recording opioid use, and “the progress sheet” for recording vital signs, in addition to the inability to expand enough to capture the same field and show changes in the daily pathway over time through night and day work shifts remain a challenge and need to be improved in the future.

OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to determine whether the serum nitrite plus nitrate (NO( x )) level correlates with biomarkers that are known components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS).

METHODSSerum NO( x ) levels were measured using a commercial kit in 608 Japanese men and women between the ages of 39 and 85 years. Multivariate adjustments for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption and exercise were made in the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The components of the metabolic syndrome were defined based on the following criteria: body mass index (BMI) >/=25.0 kg/m(2), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >/=5.6%, systolic blood pressure >/=130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >/=85 mmHg, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) /=1.69 mmol/l.

RESULTSThe logarithmically transformed age-adjusted serum NO( x ) (lnNO( x )) value was significantly higher in the low HDL-C group (1.76 +/- 0.05 mumol/l; p < 0.05) than MetS component groups (1.65 +/- 0.01 mumol/l) in men, but no difference was found in women. The means of serum lnNO( x ) after multivariate adjustment were 1.64, 1.65, 1.64, 1.66, and 1.81 mumol/l for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4-5 MetS components for all subjects, respectively. The results of ANCOVA confirmed that the serum lnNO( x ) level was significantly correlated with the clustering of MetS components in both men and women (p < 0.0001 for trend).

CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that an increase in the clustering of MetS components was associated with the increase in serum NO levels in our general population.

The patient was a 63-years-old female with early gastric cancer in her upper stomach. Widely spreading on the mucous membrane, the cancer was too big to remove by endoscopical mucosal resection, although she wanted minimal invasive treatment. Therefore, we adopted total gastrectomy with hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) after obtaining “informed consent” from her. Five small skin-incisions were necessary to perform it-one 7cm' for hand-port and four 1.2cm' for trocars.
The dissection was started from greater omentum and proceeded counterclockwise to remove primary lymphnodes. The abdominal esophagus and the duodenum were devided with a single or double application of Endo GIA stapler (linear stapler). All these steps were accomplished safely and securely with the effective support of the left hand of the operator. After extraction of the whole stomach through the 7cm-incision, Roux-en Y reconstruction was performed laparoscopically (esophago-jejunostomy) followed by hand sewing through the 7cm-incision (jejuno-jejunostomy). The anvil of 21mm circular stapler (EEA) was inserted orally in order to anastomose the esophagus to the jejunum. The patient had acceptable results intra-operatively as well as postoperatively by HALS total gastrectomy, which had been considered to be very hard to perform up to present time.

Injuries to the aorta complicating cardiovascular operations can be very challenging. This type of injury is usually related to manipulation of the aorta during surgical exposure or aortic cannulation. From March 1994 to October 1997, five patients with intraoperative injuries to the thoracic aorta occurred. Their ages ranged from 7 to 71 years old (mean, 43.5 years). Two were male and 3 female. Intraoperatively, trouble occurred suddenly due to acute aortic dissection related to aortic traumatic hemorrhagic disruption in three patients, and aortic cannulation in two patients. The confirmation of the diagnosis was prompted clinically, and all patients immediately underwent further surgical intervention. In terms of technique, we used a cardiopulmonary bypass (mean cardiopulmonary bypass time 239min, range 196 to 367min), and hypothermic circulatory arrest (mean arrest time 34min, range 20 to 44min, at deep hypothermia with 21.0°C urinary bladder temperature) during repair. Retrograde cerebral perfusion was utilized in two cases to assure protection for cerebral damage. Fortunately, there was no postoperative neurological complication and no hospital death in any of the cases. When such intraoperative injuries of the aorta once occur repair using aortic clamps often fail or is not feasible, and in such cases hypothermic circulatory arrest combined with retrograde cerebral perfusion should be applied to resolve this type of the serious troubles.

To avoid homologous blood transfusion, the effectiveness of autologous blood predonation was evaluated in patients with elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. From January 1993 to July 1996, 53 patients underwent Y graft replacement by using autologous rapid transfusion device AT1000^® (Electromedics. Inc, Englewood, CO). The patients were devided in to 3 groups. Thirty one patients had no blood donation (Group A). Twelve patients had 400ml blood donation with administration of an iron preparation (Group B). Ten patients donated the same amount of blood as those in Group B, with administration of both an iron preparation and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) (Group C). There were no significant differences in terms of age, gender, operating time, intraoperative bleeding, and total amount of homologous and autologous blood transfusion in the 3 groups. In Group A, the mean volume of homologous blood transfusion was 250±370ml and in both Groups B and C, no homologous blood was required and 400ml autologous blood was used. Homologous blood transfusion was avoided in 58.9 (18/31) of patients in Group A and all of the patients in Groups B and C. Due to the blood predonation prior to surgery, a hemoglobin level decreased significantly at the time of operation in Group B (without rHuEPO), but in Group C (with rHuEPO) the hemoglobin level was kept constant. During the first postoperative week, the minimum hemoglobin level in Group C was significantly higher than in the other groups. In conclusion, by donating 400ml autologous blood before surgery and using an intraoperative autotransfusion system, homologous blood transfusion could be avoided in elective AAA repair. With rHuEPO, the hemoglobin level could be maintained, despite predonation and intraoperative blood loss.