Objective: This study aims to statistically clarify the association between disability characteristics and school refusal in school-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Methods: The subjects were 158 school-aged children with ASD who were prescribed rehabilitation at Narita Hospital of International University of Health and Welfare. The following information was collected from medical records: presence or absence of school refusal, age, gender, the Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ) scores, result of the Wechsler Intelligence Test 4th version, the Sensory Profile (SP) scores, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents scores, decline in family functions, bullying, and enrolled class. Poisson regression analysis was conducted using both crude and adjusted models. School refusal was the dependent variable, while ASQ and SP subcategories were the independent variables. Age and other factors were used as covariates in the adjusted model.Results: The “sensory avoidance” of the SP subcategory was significantly associated with school refusal in both the crude and adjusted models (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.01-1.05, 1.03, 1.00-1.05, respectively).Conclusion: Analysis of the association between disability characteristics and school refusal in school-aged children with ASD suggests that sensory processing deficits are associated with school refusal.

Objective: This study aims to statistically clarify the association between disability characteristics and school refusal in school-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Methods: The subjects were 158 school-aged children with ASD who were prescribed rehabilitation at Narita Hospital of International University of Health and Welfare. The following information was collected from medical records: presence or absence of school refusal, age, gender, the Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ) scores, result of the Wechsler Intelligence Test 4th version, the Sensory Profile (SP) scores, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents scores, decline in family functions, bullying, and enrolled class. Poisson regression analysis was conducted using both crude and adjusted models. School refusal was the dependent variable, while ASQ and SP subcategories were the independent variables. Age and other factors were used as covariates in the adjusted model.Results: The “sensory avoidance” of the SP subcategory was significantly associated with school refusal in both the crude and adjusted models (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.01-1.05, 1.03, 1.00-1.05, respectively).Conclusion: Analysis of the association between disability characteristics and school refusal in school-aged children with ASD suggests that sensory processing deficits are associated with school refusal.

Kampo medicines have been used for treatment by an increasing number of doctors in recent years, and are becoming more frequently prescribed in combination with Western drugs. In the present study, we conducted a questionnaire of outpatients at the Kampo Clinic of Keio University Hospital in order to determine their perceptions and compliance regarding Kampo medicines.Ninety eight percent of patients used Kampo medicines in granular form, and approximately 30% of these patients reported difficulty in taking medicine due to reasons such as “bad taste”. Sixty percent of patients used Kampo medicines three times daily. Patients most often forgot to take afternoon doses, and so desired doses once daily. Furthermore, the same number of patients preferred Kampo medicines in tablet form as those who preferred Kampo medicines in granular form.The present findings clarified patients' perceptions toward Kampo medicines. Doctors and pharmacists must provide suitable treatment for patients by recognizing their perceptions of Kampo medicines.
Medicine, Kampo ; Clinic ; Use of ; percent ; therapeutic aspects