Background: We investigated the antidiabetic effects of DA-1241, a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 119 agonist, in vitro and in vivo. Methods: DA-1241 was administrated to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks after hyperglycaemia developed. Oral/intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed. Serum insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were measured during oral glucose tolerance test. Insulinoma cell line (INS-1E) cells and mouse islets were used to find whether DA-1241 directly stimulate insulin secretion in beta cell. HepG2 cells were used to evaluate the gluconeogenesis and autophagic process. Autophagic flux was evaluated by transfecting microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-fused to green fluorescent protein and monomeric red fluorescent (mRFP-GFP-LC3) expression vector to HepG2 cells. Results: Although DA-1241 treatment did not affect body weight gain and amount of food intake, fasting blood glucose level decreased along with increase in GLP-1 level. DA-1241 improved only oral glucose tolerance test and showed no effect in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. No significant effect was observed in insulin tolerance test. DA-1241 did not increase insulin secretion in INS-1E cell and mouse islets. DA-1241 reduced triglyceride content in the liver thereby improved fatty liver. Additionally, DA-1241 reduced gluconeogenic enzyme expression in HepG2 cells and mouse liver. DA-1241 reduced autophagic flow in HepG2 cells. Conclusion These findings suggested that DA-1241 augmented glucose-dependent insulin release via stimulation of GLP-1 secretion, and reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis, which might be associated with autophagic blockage, leading to improved glycaemic control.

No abstract available.
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; Thymoma

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Epithelial Cells ; Scalp

No abstract available.
Lentigo* ; Ustekinumab*

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients and often presents no symptoms. The association between sinus node dysfunction and hyponatremia has rarely been reported. We describe a 77-year-old woman who developed reversible sinus node dysfunction accompanied by pulmonary edema that was associated with hyponatremia.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Hyponatremia* ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Sick Sinus Syndrome* ; Sinoatrial Node*

OBJECTIVE: To understand the crucial requirement for the normal early folliculogenesis, we evaluated molecular as well as physiological differences during in vitro ovarian culture. Among the important regulators for follicle development, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and FSH Receptor (FSHR) have been known to be expressed in the cuboidal granulosa cells. Meanwhile, it is known that c-kit is germ cell-specific and GDF-9 is also oocyte-specific regulator. To evaluate the functional requirement for the competence of normal follicular development, we investigated the differential mRNA expression of several factors secreted from granulosa cells and oocytes between in vivo and in vitro developed ovaries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ovaries from ICR neonates (the day of birth) were cultured for 4 days (for primordial to primary transition) or 8 days (for secondary follicle formation) in alpha-MEM glutamax supplemented with 3 mg/ml BSA without serum or growth factors. The mRNA levels of the several factors were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Freshly isolated 0-, 4-, and 8-day-old ovaries were used as control. RESULTS: The mRNA of AMH and FSHR as granulosa cell factors was highly increased according to the ovarian development in both of 4- and 8-day-old control. However, the mRNA expression was not induced in both of 4- and 8-day in vitro cultured ovaries. The mRNA expression of GDF-9 known to regulate follicle growth as an oocyte factor was different between in vivo and in vitro developed ovaries. In addition, the transcript of GDF-9 was expressed in the primordial follicles of mouse ovaries. The mRNA expression of c-kit was not significantly different during the early folliculogenesis in vitro. CONCLUSION: This is the first report regarding endogenous AMH and FSHR expression during the early folliculogenesis in vitro. In conclusion, it will be very valuable to evaluate cuboidal granulosa cell factors as functional marker(s) for normal early folliculogenesis in vitro.
Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mental Competency ; Mice ; Oocytes ; Ovary ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, FSH ; RNA, Messenger*

PURPOSE: This study validated the musculoskeletal model of the human lower extremity by comparative study between calculated muscle parameters through simulation using modified hill-type model and measured muscle parameters through isokinetic exercise. The relationship between muscle forces and moments participated in motion was quantified from the results of simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For simulation of isokinetic motion, a three-dimensional anatomical knee model was constructed using gait analysis. The EMG-force model was used to determine muscle activation level exciting muscles. The modified Hill-type model was used to calculate individual muscle force and moment in dynamic analysis. This method was validated by comparing analytical data with experimental data. RESULTS: The results showed that there was a significant correlation between calculated torques from simulation and measured torque from isokinetic motion experiments (R=0.97). We also found that muscle forces and moments during knee flexion and extension have nonlinearly proportional or inversely proportional relationship, since lower extremity muscles were simultaneously involved in flexion/extension motion and inner/outer rotation. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the simulation by using musculoskeletal model may be a useful mean to predict and recover musculoskeletal-related diseases, and analyze complicated experiment such as clash condition.
Gait ; Humans ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Lower Extremity ; Muscles ; Torque

Primary gastrointestinal lymphomas originating from the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) have been reported with increasing frequency. The stomach is the most frequent site of MALT lymphoma, and a relationship with Helicobacter pylori infection has been studied. However, primary MALT lymphoma arising from the ampulla of Vater is extremely rare, and its relationship with Helicobacter pylori infection is still obscure. We report here a case of a 71-year-old man with marginal zone B cell lymphoma of MALT with large B cell lymphoma of the ampulla of Vater that was not associated with Helicobacter pylori. A pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed, and the pathologic examination of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis. The patient tolerated just one course of systemic chemotherapy, but has been doing well for 18 months after surgery.
Aged ; Ampulla of Vater* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Stomach

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) form a group of uncommon neoplasms originated from the pleuripotential mesenchymal cell. There is no final conclusion about accurate diagnosis and prognostic factors of GIST. Clinical presentation is not specific and intraperitoneal bleeding is a very rare complication. We report a case of a malignant GIST complicated by intraperitoneal hemorrhage, which was diagnosed by abdominal CT and EUS before operation. A subtotal gastrectomy was perfomed without complication. The patient is still alive without recurrence.
Diagnosis ; Gastrectomy ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors* ; Hemoperitoneum* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Rupture* ; Stomach* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) form a group of uncommon neoplasms originated from the pleuripotential mesenchymal cell. There is no final conclusion about accurate diagnosis and prognostic factors of GIST. Clinical presentation is not specific and intraperitoneal bleeding is a very rare complication. We report a case of a malignant GIST complicated by intraperitoneal hemorrhage, which was diagnosed by abdominal CT and EUS before operation. A subtotal gastrectomy was perfomed without complication. The patient is still alive without recurrence.
Diagnosis ; Gastrectomy ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors* ; Hemoperitoneum* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Rupture* ; Stomach* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed