The coastal marine ecosystems of Vietnam are one of the global biodiversity hotspots, but the biodiversity of marine fungi is not well known. To fill this major gap of knowledge, we assessed the genetic diversity (ITS sequence) of 75 fungal strains isolated from 11 surface coastal marine and deeper waters in Nha Trang Bay and Van Phong Bay using a culturedependent approach and 5 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) of fungi in three representative sampling sites using next-generation sequencing. The results from both approaches shared similar fungal taxonomy to the most abundant phylum (Ascomycota), genera (Candida and Aspergillus) and species (Candida blankii) but were different at less common taxa. Culturable fungal strains in this study belong to 3 phyla, 5 subdivisions, 7 classes, 12 orders, 17 families, 22 genera and at least 40 species, of which 29 species have been identified and several species are likely novel. Among identified species, 12 and 28 are new records in global and Vietnamese marine areas, respectively. The analysis of enzyme activity and the checklist of trophic mode and guild assignment provided valuable additional biological information and suggested the ecological function of planktonic fungi in the marine food web. This is the largest dataset of marine fungal biodiversity on morphology, phylogeny and enzyme activity in the tropical coastal ecosystems of Vietnam and Southeast Asia. Biogeographic aspects, ecological factors and human impact may structure mycoplankton communities in such aquatic habitats.

An epidemiologic, descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed in 216 cadres of Hoan Kiem Industry and Commercial Bank in Hanoi who have regularly check ups at Yersin General Clinic, 98 Hang Buom Street, Hanoi. The results showed that: the banking staff with seniority of 16 - 20 years and 26 - 30 years have risk of lumbar vertebra degeneracy higher than those with seniority ≤5 years (p<0.05). There is no relations between seniority and the risk of internal medicine and eye diseases (p>0.05). No relations has been found between working position and disease status of cadres of Hoan Kiem Industry and Commerce Bank (p>0.05).
Health ; Epidemiology

The study was performed on 326 adolescent from 12 to 19 years old in Da Nang city in 2004. Results: The percentage of adolescent had knowledge on harm of smoking on health was high (99.7%), especially harm of smoking on respiratory system and lung cancer. The percentage of adolescent understood harm of passive smoking including acute respiratory tract infection in children and bronchitis in women was very high (99.1%). The sources of information that the adolescent get knowledge on harm of smoking were television (94.5%), newspaper (29.8%), warnings on packet of cigarettes only accounted for 4.95%.
Smoking ; Adolescent ; Knowledge

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 915 women living together with smokers in Ha Noi city, Da Nang city and Ha Nam province in 2004. There was relationship between occupation and knowledge on cigarette harmful effects on health and belief in warning in pack of cigarettes. Housewifes knew more clearly on effect of cigaretes than traders. Farmers had more belief on warnings in pack of cigarettes than trader did. Health related to belief in warnings in pack of cigarettes. Normal people had more belief on warnings in pack of cigarettes than healthy people. There was no relationship between age, health and knowledge on harmful effects of cigaretes on health
Smoking ; Women ; Knowledge ; Epidemiology

A cross-sectional study was performed in persons who had been smoking cigarettes lived in Ha Noi, Da Nang, Ha Nam and Ho Chi Minh city in 2004. Information collected by direct interview of adult smokers using questionnaires that were designed for the aim of the study. Results: The age group of 25-44 and 45-60 had knowledge about the harm of smoking better than the others. Knowing the harm of smoking between female and male had no significant differences. Comparison with the free laborers, the homemaker groups had knowledge of the harm of cigarette was better. There were relations between knowing the harm, the time of smoking and the number of smoked cigarettes.
Smoking ; Aged ; Sex

Study on 384 women (ages 20 to 49) living in families with smokers in HoChiMinh city in 2004. The results: the rate of women knowing the tobacco’s effect for health was very high (91.5%) and particularly, knowing that tobacco damages the most seriously to respiratory system and causes pulmonary cancer. The rate of woman knowing the passive smoke’ effect was very high (92.5%) and knowing the passive smoke can cause acute respiratory infection in children, bronchitis in adults and abortion in pregnancy. The information resources, which was easy to provide the tobacco’s effect were radio, television and newspaper.
Tobacco ; Knowledge ; Women

Study on 1227 adults smokers living in Ha Noi city, Da Nang city, Ho Chi Minh city and Ha Nam province in 2004 showed that: the interest to warnings in pack of cigarettes related to occupation. Dealers, unemployments had less care to the warnings than freelancers. People had smoked over 15 years had much interest than ones smoked from 10 to 15 years. People smoke 1-2 cigarettes per day and 3-4 cigarettes per day had less care to the warnings than those smoke 10-20 cigarettes per day. There was no relationship between age, condition of health and the interest to warnings in pack of cigarettes
Smoking ; Smoke ; Epidemiology ; Occupations

A qualitative study on health workers, pharmacists working at Health Center of Thanh Oai district, Ha Tay province to identify standard time and needs about doctors for this center in 2005. The highest need was that having doctors working at examination department (50%), surgery department (74%), tuberculosis - infectious disease department (81%), pediatric department - emergency and intensive care department (90%). The number of doctors at internal medicine department, traditional medicine department, imaging diagnosis department exceeded the need from 17-142%
Health Facilities ; Time Factors

Study of 330 samples of smokers selected from smoking population living in Da Nang city. This was a cross-sectional study. Result: The mean age of smokers was 20.5+/-13.5 years old and each consumed 13.1+/-7.7 cigarettes per day. The harms of tobacco on health of the smoker’s health included 61.8% of pneumonia, 30.1% of bronchitis, 17.9% of chronic lung diseases, 2.8% of ARI, 31.0% of lung cancers, 17.6% of cardiovascular diseases, and 14.4% of neurological disorders. Main sources of information providing to smokers with the knowledge of tobacco's harms from broadcasting and television and warning on the package was very limited.
Smoking ; Health ; Knowledge

The study described the concern, perception, the health warning design that impressed women in Da Nang city. Study subjects were 330 women aged from 20 to 49 living in family of the smokers enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The results showed that 81. 7% women in Da Nang city were interested in the health warning; 98.2% women believed in the content of the health warning that cigarettes are harmful to the health; and 93.3% women thought the health warning reflected the evidence of the cigarette smoking. 62% women thought that the health warning strongly impressed the community; the content of the health warning reflected accurate harms of smoking, and the design of health warning should be printed bigger (73.9%) and should be on main sides of the package (47.2%). 18.7% of them thought that health warning should be changed periodically and recommended that the time for changing should be once a year.
Smoking ; Women, Health