Background: Identifying reliable biomarkers for early detection, risk stratification, and prognosis of CVD in the context of CKD is, therefore, of critical importance. Cystatin C has emerged as a potential biomarker capable of reflecting both cardiac injury and renal impairment, particularly in patients with arterial hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum cystatin C levels, left ventricular hypertrophy, and chronic kidney disease in individuals with hypertension. Objective: To assess serum cystatin C concentrations in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and chronic kidney disease secondary to arterial hypertension. Materials and Methods: A case-control analytical study was conducted, enrolling 44 patients aged 45 years or older with both left ventricular hypertrophy and chronic kidney disease due to arterial hypertension alongside a control group of apparently healthy individuals. Serum cystatin C levels were measured using immunoturbidimetric assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Group comparisons were made using independent-sample t-tests, while multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were employed to explore associations and the predictive value of cystatin C. Results: The mean serum cystatin C concentration in the case group was 1.6±0.1 mg/L, significantly higher than in the control group (0.88±0.03 mg/L, p<0.05). Similarly, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was markedly reduced in the case group (44.88±6.8 mL/min/1.73 m²) compared to the controls (92.88±3.4 mL/ min/1.73 m², p<0.05). In the case group, a statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between serum cystatin C levels and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), with a regression coefficient of β=−0.028 (p<0.006). Conclusion The elevated serum cystatin C levels (1.6±0.1 mg/L) and decreased eGFR (38.99±12.7 mL/min/1.73 m²) observed in the case group suggest that cystatin C may serve as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy due to arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease, as well as for predicting related complications.

BACKGROUND. Traditional medicine is the oldest form of health care in the world and is used in the prevention and treatment of physical and mental illnesses3. Traditional medicine is also variously known as complementary and alternative, or ethnic medicine, and it still plays a key role in many countries today11. Plant produces a wide variety of secondary metabolites which are used either directly as precursors or as lead compounds in the pharmaceutical industry. It is expected that plant extracts showing target sites other than those used by antibiotics will be active against drug resistant microbial pathogens7. Antibacterial activities of various extracts, including methanol, ethanol, butanol and ethyl acetate crude extracts from traditional Tiishal medicine and its medicinal plants ingredients were carried out. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella enterica. For this purpose extract of drug Tiishal were prepared and tested by “Disc Diffusion Method”. As a result of this study it was found that the extract of Tiishal generally revealed antimicrobial activity against both gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus) and gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica). The to study found that antibacterial activity of the ethanol extracts of each 6 samples showed little inhibition on Sal. enterica. METHODS. Traditional medicine Tiishal was produced from the Manba Datsan clinic and training center for traditional Mongolian medicine. Tiishal medicine was prepared by the standard MNS 5585:2006, № 0333151207 Tiishal medicine instructional method. The main medicinal herbs of Tiishal include Juniperus pseudosabinaFisch., Gentiana barbata Froel., Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., Sophora alopecuroides L., and Tricholoma mongolicum Imai (1:1:1:1:1) ratio. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol, methanol, butanol and ethyl acetate extracts was carried by disc diffusion method. RESULTS. A total 4 strains were used for the antibacterial activity test. The extracts of methanol, and ethanol of J. pseudosabina revealed the highest antibacterial activity against Bac. subtilis, Ps. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. enteric with the diameters of inhibition zones between 6.0 - 10.0 mm. СONCLUSION. “Tiishal”, ethanol and methanol extracts of 5 different plants showed relatively low inhibition of bacterial growth.

Introduction: Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that key role in the innate immune system. The SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins are negative-feed loop inhibitors of signaling of JAK/STAT and TLRs pathways. Purpose: To determine negative regulator protein activation which is activated through TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ signal transduction in endothelial cells. Methods: We used mouse aortic linear endothelial cell (END-D); protein expressio was detected by western blotting Results: We analyzed a time dependent stimulation effects of negative regulator proteins stimulated by TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ in endothelial cell cultures. Imiquimod of 10 μg/ml treatment of 1 hr was followed by 100 ng/ml IFN-γ stimulation for 1-8hr to analysis of negative regulator SOCS1 and SHP2 protein expression.
In untreated cells, there was low activations of negative regulator SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins. IFN-γ stimulation alone had increased SOCS1 and SHP2 protein expressions, also imiquimod treatment highly elevated SOCS1 and SHP2 expressions. However imiquimod and IFN-γ doubled treatment have decreased activation of negative regulator SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins. These findings suggest SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins are inhibitors in the TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ signaling. Conclusion Negative regulators, SOCS1 and SHP2 strongly suppressed activations of TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ signaling

Introduction: When human body encounters external pathogens primary/innate immunity cells are activated by recognizing them and secondary/adaptive immunity is activated consecutively. In our previous study, we revealed that there is a synergistic action between TLR9 and IFN-γ signaling in the endothelial cells. Purpose: To determine the role of negative and positive regulator proteins on the IFN-γ/TLR9 signaling pathway. Methods: In this study, murine endothelial cell (END-D) culture was used. END-D cells pre-treated with TLR9 ligand CpG DNA and then stimulated with IFN-γ. The negative (SHP-2, SOCS1, PIAS1) and positive (p38) regulator protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Results and Conclusion Treatment by TLR9 ligand CpG DNA and IFN-γ increased positive regulator p38 phosphorylation in 0.5 hour. CpG DNA inhibited IFN-γ negative regulator PIAS1 protein expression in 6 hour and SOCS1 and SHP-2 expression could not affect in 4 hour.

Introduction: the background and importance of present research work consists on demonstrating how the drug substance digestion changes depending from the media of fluid to be taken. Purpose: consists in comparative study of solution of the diclofenac sodium film coated tablets, produced in various countries, in different solvent media by the in vitro method. Materials and Methods: the solution research of each 50mg total 54 pieces of film coated diclofenac sodium, produced in three different factories such as A, B and C, was conducted in three different medias in juice (pH=3.8); distilled water (pH=6.7) and mineral water (pH=6). The solution was determined in centrifuge and measured 276 nm in spectrophotometer. Result: the solution of 50mg diclofenac sodium film coated tablet, produced in three different countries such as A,B and C: • The amount of drug substance released in the distilled water (pH=6.7) media has been counted in 15 minutes after begin of solution process the A factory-66%, the B factory-58% and the C factory-20%. At continuation of duration of solution had in 30 minutes the A factory-80%, the B factory-86%, the C factory-72%; in 45 minutes the A factory-82%; the B factory-88%; the C factory-66%; in 60 minutes the A factory-82%; the B factory-82%; the C factory-72% each respectively. • The amount of drug substance released in the juice (pH=3.8) media has been counted in 15 minutes after begin of solution process the A factory-50%, the B factory-42% and the C factory-60%. At continuation of duration of solution had in 30 minutes the A factory-82%, the B factory-40%, the C factory-72%; in 45 minutes the A factory-80%; the B factory-44%; the C factory-38%; in 60 minutes the A factory-56%; the B factory-66%; the C factory-58% each respectively. • The amount of drug substance released in the mineral water (pH=6) media has been counted in 15 minutes after begin of solution process the A factory-54%, the B factory-30% and the C factory-10%. At continuation of duration of solution had in 30 minutes the A factory-66%, the B factory-62%, the C factory-36%; in 45 minutes the A factory-82%; the B factory-82%; the C factory-38%; in 60 minutes the A factory-74%; the B factory-84%; the C factory-74% each respectively. Conclusion: from the above-mentioned experiment it is evident that the solution of the diclofenac sodium film coated tablet, produced in different countries, in different solvent media as distilled water, juice and mineral water is relatively different. It has showed how important is to take into account the auxiliary substance quality contained in current drug at choosing the fluid to be taken after the drug. Bibliography: - “Drug analysis” D. Dungerdorj, Z.Anuu 2012 - “Bioformation” A.I. Tikhonov, T.G. Yarnykh, I.A. Zupanets, O.S. Danikevich, E.E. Bogutskaya, N.V. Bezdetko, Yu.N. Azarenko 2003