Giant Cell Tumour (GCT) of bone is a benign, locally aggressive neoplasm. GCT of the foot is rare, comprising of about 5% of cases of all GCTs. GCT of Calcaneus is exceedingly rare, comprising of 1.2% of all calcaneal tumours. Due to its uncommon occurrence at this site, diagnosis can be delayed. In this report, we present the case of a Campanacci Grade 3 GCT of calcaneus in a 43-year-old female patient with 8 months history of worsening pain and disability. We treated her successfully by resection of Oscalcis and reconstruction with a femoral head allograft and K-wire fixation, a relatively cheaper and technically lesser challenging method of reconstruction. Three years’ postsurgery, she remains disease free, and her graft has healed. She continues to walk independently and remains disease free clinically and radiologically. We discuss a comparison with other reported cases where surgeons have opted for detailed intra-lesional curettage (DILC) and cementoplasty to fill the defect for a Grade 2 disease, some have even used a sural for soft tissue coverage with a maximum follow-up of two years. While in our patient we went for Calcanues resection and reconstruction with allograft because of a Grade 3 disease that poses greater risk of local recurrence with just DILC. Our patient has a three-year follow-up where she remains disease free

Hepatitis D virus （HDV） infection， the most severe form of viral hepatitis， remains underrecognized in the Asia due to inconsistent screening and limited surveillance. This systematic review （1970—2025） stratified HDV prevalence by population subgroups： community， hospital-based， and high-risk.Community studies showed high prevalence in Pakistan， Kazakhstan， and Kyrgyzstan； hospital cohorts revealed hyperendemicity in Mongolia and Uzbekistan； high-risk populations showed concentrated transmission in ［Hong Kong， China］， ［Taiwan， China］， Vietnam， and Sultanate of Oman. Many countries and regions lacked subgroup-specific data.The uneven， population-dependent burden underscores HDV as a major driver of advanced liver disease in Central and South Asia. Routine HDV screening and RNA-based diagnostics are essential to define burden and advance WHO 2030 elimination targets.¹

Background: s/Aims: Portal vein embolization (PVE) and Yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization are used to induce liver hypertrophy, increasing future liver remnant volume and reducing the risk of post-resection liver failure. This systematic review compares the effectiveness of PVE and Y-90 radioembolization in promoting liver hypertrophy in patients undergoing liver resection. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between January 2000 and August 2023. Studies comparing PVE and Y-90 radioembolization with respect to liver hypertrophy were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled mean differences were calculated using an inverse-variance random-effects model. Results: Of 1,965 studies identified, three retrospective cohort studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 125 patients. Among these, 67.3% underwent PVE and 32.7% received Y-90 radioembolization. Hepatocellular carcinoma was the most common diagnosis (55.9%), followed by metastatic disease (32.3%) and cholangiocarcinoma (11.8%). PVE was more commonly used as a preoperative strategy for liver resection, while Y-90 radioembolization was primarily employed for palliative intent. One study reported greater hypertrophy with Y-90 compared to PVE (63% vs. 36%); however, hypertrophy was assessed over a longer interval (150 vs. 30 days). In pooled analysis, PVE was associated with significantly greater hypertrophy (mean difference 23.75%; 95% CI 12.02–35.48; p < 0.0001; I 2 = 48%). Conclusions Evidence directly comparing PVE and Y-90 radioembolization for liver hypertrophy remains limited. While pooled results favor PVE, procedure selection should be individualized based on clinical context.

Objective: To translate the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (ÖMPSQ) into Urdu and to determine the psychometric properties of its Urdu version. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 300 participants (18–60 years) with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP), who were able to read Urdu. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and reproducibility through Cronbach’s α. Face and content validity were examined via individual interviews, and construct validity by correlating with relevant reference standards. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) & confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was also carried out Results: ÖMPSQ was successfully translated into Urdu version with acceptable face and content validity. ÖMPSQ Urdu version showed acceptable internal consistency (α=0.789) & good test-retest reliability (ICC=0.784, 95% confidence interval, p<0.001) while good correlation was demonstrated between ÖMPSQ and Chronic Pain Grade Scale (pain and disability subscales i.e., r=0.809 and 0.807, respectively). However, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire showed moderate correlation (r=0.513). Additionally, no significant floor or ceiling effects were observed in the ÖMPSQ Urdu version. EFA revealed a five-factor solution using twenty items, 89.21% was the total item variance in the database, while CFA demonstrated good model fit with strong factor loadings and acceptable fit indices Conclusion The ÖMPSQ Urdu version is valid and reliable for assessing the risk of long-term disability & workplace absence in NSLBP patients.

Methods: This RCT included 60 patients (30 in control and 30 in intervention) between 18 and 80 years old, scheduled for elective single or double-level lumbar spine surgeries through the posterior approach. Intervention group (MBP) received PEGLEC, tablet Metronidazole 400 mg twice daily (BD), tablet Cefuroxime 500 mg BD, and probiotic (Bacillus clausii ) on pre-operation day, whereas the control (non-MBP) had no specific bowel preparation but received only a placebo. Outcome parameters included time to first flatus, bowel sound, and first defecation, which were compared between the two groups. Results: Demographic data such as age, sex, body mass index, level of surgery, and intraoperative data such as duration of surgery and blood loss were similar without significant differences. The time to first flatus, bowel sounds, and first defecation was not statistically significant, but POI was seen in 6.67% of patients, all belonging to the MBP group. No correlation observed between the duration of the ileus and the intraoperative blood loss and duration of surgery. Conclusions Bowel preparation may not be necessary for patients undergoing posterior lumbar spine surgery involving a maximum of two levels.

Postoperative pain commonly follows dental procedures, and appropriate analgesic selection plays a critical role in its management. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of tenoxicam compared with other pharmacological agents for postoperative dental pain control. Indexed databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were searched through August 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for interventions. Nine randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and covered a range of dental procedures, including third molar extraction, endodontic treatment, orthodontic adjustment, and implant surgery. Comparators included placebo, ibuprofen, diclofenac, flurbiprofen, meloxicam, methylprednisolone, and rofecoxib. Pain outcomes were measured primarily with the Visual Analogue Scale at multiple postoperative time points. Across studies, tenoxicam showed analgesic efficacy that was generally superior or comparable to other agents, with several trials reporting statistically significant reductions in pain scores at both early and later postoperative intervals. Most studies had low overall risk of bias, although some raised concerns related to allocation concealment and outcome reporting. Tenoxicam appears to be an effective and well-tolerated option for postoperative dental pain management. Study heterogeneity and domain-level bias concerns indicate a need for additional high-quality trials to confirm these findings and support routine clinical use.

Fragaria indica stem, leaf, and root extract was used to assess the antimicrobial activity against bla-TEM beta-lactamase producing Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli. Ethanolic extracts of F. indica leaves exhibited a maximum zone of inhibition of 20 ± 1.2 mm (p < 0.001), 18 ± 1.4 mm (p < 0.001), and 16 ± 1.5 mm (p < 0.001) against E. coli, S. flexneri, and S. typhi, respectively. To identify different compounds, the bioactive ethanolic leaf extracts were further processed for HPLC, GC-MS, ADMET, and docking analysis. In the ethanolic leaf extract, 19 phenolic compounds were identified in HPLC analysis. Three phenolic compounds, including Isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside, 5, 7-Dihydroxy-4’ -methoxyflavone, and Luteolin, were for the first time reported in F. indica. In GC-MS analysis, sixteen compounds were identified. From the literature search, among the identified compounds, AlphaHimachalene, 1,3-Diphenyl-1-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)-1(Z)-heptene, 1H-Benzocycloheptene, Bicyclo[5.2.0] nonane, cis-1,1,3,4-Tetramethylcyclopentane, Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-cis-2,3-diyl Carbonate, BetaHimachalene and 2-methylene-4,8,8-trimethyl-4-vinyl were reported for the first time in F. indica. Two compounds, including Alpha-Himachalene and Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-cis-2,3-diyl carbonate, having good water solubility, drug likeness, and medicinal characteristics, were selected for docking analysis. Docking of Alpha-Himachalene and Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-cis-2,3-diyl carbonate showed interaction with Pro-26, Phe-22, and Ala-23 residues of bacterial bla-TEM beta-lactamase. Similarly, Bicyclo[2.2.2] octane-cis-2,3-diyl carbonate interacts with amino acid residues of Ala-235 and Ser-233 of bla-TEM beta-lactamase. Further studies will help to characterize the anti-infective compounds against bla-TEM producing foodborne bacterial pathogens.

Ascaridia galli infection compromises the health and productivity of chickens. this study aimed to determine the prevalence, pathology, and control of A. galli in backyard chickens. Four hundred and fifty-six faecal samples were tested using direct smear and concentration techniques. sixty chickens were grouped based on egg per gram into untreated control, mebendazole-treated, and derivative-treated. Key epidemiologic host based and environmental variables were recorded and analysed statistically (p < 0.05 significance level). Histopathological changes in the intestine were also assessed. Overall prevalence of A. galli was 72% (330/456). Infection was high in females (74%, 200/267) than in males (68%, 130/189). Adult chickens had a higher infection rate than young (64% vs 55%; p < 0.05). Weak chickens showed a markedly higher prevalence (96%, 150/156) than healthy chickens (60%, 180/300) (p < 0.05). Geographically, prevalence was highest in Swat (85.53%), followed by Lower Dir (72.3%) and Malakand (59.21%), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Management system influenced infection: free range chickens had (63%) compared to semi-free range (37%), scavenging chickens were more infected (75%) compared to receiving supplemental feed (53%) (p < 0.05). The non-dewormed chickens had a significantly higher prevalence (92%) than the dewormed group (20%) (p < 0.05). Seasonal infection peaked during the rainy season (86%) compared to the dry season (44%) (p < 0.05). Intestinal histology revealed inflammation, epithelial necrosis, villous atrophy, and crypt hyperplasia. Treatment of the chickens nematodes using mebendazole resulted in 70% (14/20) of the treated eggs being egg-negative, and the comparison of treatment of the egg-negative derivative compound resulted in 80% (16/20) of the treated eggs being egg-negative. The A. galli infection are very common, and cause intestine damage. The mebendazole and its derivative decrease egg shedding significantly, Husbandry, management and treatment should be enhanced for effective control strategies.