Aim To study the diastolic effect and mechanism of farrerol on isolated pulmonary arteries of C57BL/6J mice.Methods After anesthesia,mouse lung tissue was quickly removed and placed into the 4 ℃ K-H buffer,pulmonary arteries were isolated under the microscope and cut into 2 mm long vascular rings for spare use.(1)The effect of farrerol on the resting tension of isolated mouse pulmonary arteries:in the resting state,the active mouse pul-monary artery rings were treated with different concentrations of farrerol(10-6,3×10-6,10-5,3×10-5 and 10-4 mol/L).(2)Farrerol relaxed mouse pulmonary artery experiment:pulmonary arteries were contracted using phenylephrine(PE,1 μmol/L)or KCl(60 mmol/L),and when the contraction reached the platform,different concentrations of farrerol(10-6,3×10-6,10-5,3×10-5 and 10-4 mol/L)was added.(3)Farrerol inhibited pulmonary artery contraction experi-ment:under conditions with or without the addition of farrerol,pulmonary arteries were contracted using different concen-trations of PE(10-9,3×10-9,10-8,3 × 10-8,10-7,3×10-7 and 10-6 mol/L)or KCl(20,30,40,60,80 and 120 mmol/L),and the pulmonary artery muscle tension was recorded.(4)Calcium free and recalcification experiments:under conditions with or without the addition of farrerol,the changes of isolated mouse pulmonary artery tension were meas-ured in the state of calcium free or recalcification { 2.5 mmol/L[Ca2+]ex }.(5)The relationship between farrerol in-duced relaxation of isolated mouse pulmonary arteries and potassium ion channels:firstly,60 mmol/L KCl solution was used to contract the mouse pulmonary arteries until the platform.Then,3 mmol/L aminopyridine(4-AP),2 mmol/L tet-raethylammonium(TEA),30 μmol/L BaCl2,and 10 μmol/L glibenclamide(Gli)were added and treated for 15 min.Subsequently,the pulmonary arteries were relaxed using a concentration gradient of farrerol.Results Farrerol had no significant effect on the mouse pulmonary arteries in the resting state,but had a concentration-dependent relaxing effect on the mouse pulmonary arteries pre-contracted with PE and KCl.While the pretreatment of 3×10-5 mol/L farrerol could sig-nificantly reduce the maximum contraction of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by PE and KCl(P＜0.01),as well as sig-nificantly reduce the contraction of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by KCl under calcium free or recalcification conditions(P＜0.01).Addition of the voltage-dependent potassium ion channel blocker 4-AP significantly reduced the maximum diastolic rate of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by farrerol(P＜0.01),while addition of the high conductivity calcium activated potassium ion channel blocker TEA,inward rectifying potassium ion channel blocker BaCl2,or ATP sensitive po-tassium ion channel blocker Gli had no significant effect on the vasodilation effect of farrerol(P＞0.05).Conclusion Farrerol has a relaxing effect on isolated mouse pulmonary arteries,and its mechanism may be related to open voltage-de-pendent potassium ion channels.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metaphor comprehension and theory of mind in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Methods A total of 50 children with ASD(ASD group)and 50 age-and gender-matched typically developing(TD)chil-dren(TD group)were recruited from special education institutions in Hangzhou between August,2023 and No-vember,2024.Metaphor comprehension was assessed using a visual picture paradigm,covering conceptual,shape,appearance and mixed metaphors.The theory of mind was assessed using unexpected content/place tasks.Results The total score of metaphor comprehension was lower in ASD group than in TD group(Z=-5.625,P<0.001),particularly for shape,appearance and mixed metaphors(|Z|>5.625,P<0.01);as well as the scores of theory of mind(|Z|>5.255,P<0.001).There was positive correlation between the total score of theory of mind and total score(r=0.352,P<0.05),shape score(r=0.299,P<0.05)and mixed score(r=0.330,P<0.05)of metaphor comprehension.Regression analyses showed that the total score of theory of mind positively predicted total score(β=0.310,P<0.05),shape score(β=0.103,P<0.05)and mixed score(β=0.330,P<0.05)of metaphor com-prehension.Conclusion Children with ASD delayed in metaphor comprehension,which associates with deficits in theory of mind.

Aim To study the diastolic effect and mechanism of farrerol on isolated pulmonary arteries of C57BL/6J mice.Methods After anesthesia,mouse lung tissue was quickly removed and placed into the 4 ℃ K-H buffer,pulmonary arteries were isolated under the microscope and cut into 2 mm long vascular rings for spare use.(1)The effect of farrerol on the resting tension of isolated mouse pulmonary arteries:in the resting state,the active mouse pul-monary artery rings were treated with different concentrations of farrerol(10-6,3×10-6,10-5,3×10-5 and 10-4 mol/L).(2)Farrerol relaxed mouse pulmonary artery experiment:pulmonary arteries were contracted using phenylephrine(PE,1 μmol/L)or KCl(60 mmol/L),and when the contraction reached the platform,different concentrations of farrerol(10-6,3×10-6,10-5,3×10-5 and 10-4 mol/L)was added.(3)Farrerol inhibited pulmonary artery contraction experi-ment:under conditions with or without the addition of farrerol,pulmonary arteries were contracted using different concen-trations of PE(10-9,3×10-9,10-8,3 × 10-8,10-7,3×10-7 and 10-6 mol/L)or KCl(20,30,40,60,80 and 120 mmol/L),and the pulmonary artery muscle tension was recorded.(4)Calcium free and recalcification experiments:under conditions with or without the addition of farrerol,the changes of isolated mouse pulmonary artery tension were meas-ured in the state of calcium free or recalcification { 2.5 mmol/L[Ca2+]ex }.(5)The relationship between farrerol in-duced relaxation of isolated mouse pulmonary arteries and potassium ion channels:firstly,60 mmol/L KCl solution was used to contract the mouse pulmonary arteries until the platform.Then,3 mmol/L aminopyridine(4-AP),2 mmol/L tet-raethylammonium(TEA),30 μmol/L BaCl2,and 10 μmol/L glibenclamide(Gli)were added and treated for 15 min.Subsequently,the pulmonary arteries were relaxed using a concentration gradient of farrerol.Results Farrerol had no significant effect on the mouse pulmonary arteries in the resting state,but had a concentration-dependent relaxing effect on the mouse pulmonary arteries pre-contracted with PE and KCl.While the pretreatment of 3×10-5 mol/L farrerol could sig-nificantly reduce the maximum contraction of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by PE and KCl(P＜0.01),as well as sig-nificantly reduce the contraction of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by KCl under calcium free or recalcification conditions(P＜0.01).Addition of the voltage-dependent potassium ion channel blocker 4-AP significantly reduced the maximum diastolic rate of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by farrerol(P＜0.01),while addition of the high conductivity calcium activated potassium ion channel blocker TEA,inward rectifying potassium ion channel blocker BaCl2,or ATP sensitive po-tassium ion channel blocker Gli had no significant effect on the vasodilation effect of farrerol(P＞0.05).Conclusion Farrerol has a relaxing effect on isolated mouse pulmonary arteries,and its mechanism may be related to open voltage-de-pendent potassium ion channels.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metaphor comprehension and theory of mind in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Methods A total of 50 children with ASD(ASD group)and 50 age-and gender-matched typically developing(TD)chil-dren(TD group)were recruited from special education institutions in Hangzhou between August,2023 and No-vember,2024.Metaphor comprehension was assessed using a visual picture paradigm,covering conceptual,shape,appearance and mixed metaphors.The theory of mind was assessed using unexpected content/place tasks.Results The total score of metaphor comprehension was lower in ASD group than in TD group(Z=-5.625,P<0.001),particularly for shape,appearance and mixed metaphors(|Z|>5.625,P<0.01);as well as the scores of theory of mind(|Z|>5.255,P<0.001).There was positive correlation between the total score of theory of mind and total score(r=0.352,P<0.05),shape score(r=0.299,P<0.05)and mixed score(r=0.330,P<0.05)of metaphor comprehension.Regression analyses showed that the total score of theory of mind positively predicted total score(β=0.310,P<0.05),shape score(β=0.103,P<0.05)and mixed score(β=0.330,P<0.05)of metaphor com-prehension.Conclusion Children with ASD delayed in metaphor comprehension,which associates with deficits in theory of mind.

Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Hypoglycemia/chemically induced* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects* ; China ; Blood Glucose ; Insulin

Palliative care,as the most special way to treat malignant tumors,is not only conducive to improving the quality of life and life value of patients,as well as alleviating the physical and mental pain of patients and their families,but also can help to relieve their financial burden and effectively avoid the waste of limited public resources.However,in the actual promotion of palliative care services,various ethical issues are encountered,such as the dignity of death,the need for psychological care,and the patient's right to independent decision-making.From the perspective of bioethics,by analyzing different types of practical disputes,this paper revealed their inherent ethical problems,and proposed specific countermeasures from the aspects of defending patient dignity,breaking the limitations of traditional cognition,and establishing a field model for joint decision-making between doctors and patients,so as to build a palliative care service model that suits China's national conditions and safeguard the patients'life rights and interests with malignant tumors.

Epilepsy is a widespread neurological disease, which can be caused by any pathological process that may affect the structure and function of the brain.It encompasses a spectrum of pathologies rather than a singular entity.Early detection and diagnosis is the key to controlling the progression of epilepsy and improving the prognosis.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a clinically recognized method for the examination of epilepsy because of its non-ionizing radiation damage and excellent soft tissue resolution and spatial resolution.With the upgrading of MRI equipment and the open application of new imaging technologies, such as multimodal MRI that integrates multiple magnetic resonance sequences, its multi-parameter imaging and high spatial resolution have completely changed the ability to detect lesions, making significant progress in understanding epilepsy from the anatomical structure, molecular level, and biochemical metabolism.This article reviews the advances in the application of multimodal MRI technology in childhood epilepsy.

Objective To explore the differences of bone age of radius,ulna,metacarpophalangeal and carpal bones in children with different physiques.Methods Radiographs of children's wrists aged between 4 and 12 years were collected.The bone age of radius,ulna,metacarpophalangeal,and carpal bones were assessed using the Chinese Children's Bone Age Score,and the difference between the two bone ages(the former minus the latter)was recorded.According to gender,age,and physical grouping,the physical group was divided into normal and abnormal groups.The abnormal group was further divided into thin,overweight,and obese groups.A comparative analysis was conducted to determine the differences in bone age between normal and abnormal groups for both males and females at all ages.Results A total of 3 028 children were included,and the differences between the two bone age results for normal boys aged 7-12 years and normal girls aged 5-12 years were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).In boys,there was no significant difference in bone age between the normal group and the thin group(P＞0.05),the difference in bone age between the normal and thin groups at the age of 5-6 years was greater than that between the overweight and obese groups,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05),the difference in bone age between the normal group at 11-12 years and the thin group at 11 years was smaller than that between the overweight and obese groups(P＜0.05).The difference in bone age was smaller in the normal group than in the thin group at 6 years of age for girls(P＜0.05),and larger in the thin group than in the overweight and obese groups at 5 to 6 years old(P＜0.05).Conclusion The difference in bone age between the TW-C RUS series and TW-C C series bone age values is influenced by the child's gender,physique,and age.The difference in bone age between the majority of normal children and the thin group is not statistically significant,but differed from the overweight and obese groups at some ages,most are the overweight and obese boys.

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"Disabled babies" have been concerned by the state and society. In 2011, China’s first "infant safety island" was officially piloted in Shijiazhuang to receive abandoned babies from all over the country, bringing hope to abandoned disabled babies. As the pilot program has been widely promoted, the survival rate of abandoned babies has been effectively improved, but the infant safety island has been branded as "the cage of connivance with the crime of abandonment". At the same time, there are two controversial issues on disabled newborns, the main subjects of abandoned babies: should disabled newborns be rescued? Should a infant safety island exist under the pressure of reality? From the perspective of the bioethics of newborns with disabilities, this paper analyzed the practical significance of the existence of infant safety island based on Kant’s "responsibility" claim, and made a statement for the practicability of safety island from different perspectives.