OBJECTIVES: This study explores the differences in fluid flow within alveolar cancellous bone at various sites under orthodontic forces and elucidates the relationship between fluid shear stress and bone remodeling. These fin-dings lay the groundwork for understanding the biomechanical mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS: Stress relaxation tests were performed on human alveolar bone samples to determine material parameters by using the Prony series. An inverse model of alveolar bone was then developed for numerical simulations of fluid-structure interactions to calculate fluid flow within cancellous bone. Meanwhile, a rat model of tooth movement was established to investigate variations in bone remodeling speeds across different regions. RESULTS: The microstructural distribution of cancellous alveolar bone was similar in humans and rats. The bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness gradually decreased from root cervical region to root apical region, while the trabecular space gradually increased. Under the influence of orthodontic forces, fluid shear stress within cancellous bone showed spatial variability across different levels, with the highest shear stress occurring at the root apical region, ranging from 0 to 0.936 6 Pa. Additionally, the rat model of tooth movement indicated that bone remodeling occurred more rapidly at the root apical region. CONCLUSIONS Fluid stimulation has a remarkable effect on al-veolar bone remodeling, causing changes in the structure of alveolar bone and ultimately regulating the speed of structu-ral remodeling.
Bone Remodeling ; Animals ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; Rats ; Alveolar Process/physiology* ; Stress, Mechanical ; Humans ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cancellous Bone/physiology* ; Shear Strength

Objective:To analyze the association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in community population in Shanghai.Methods:Using baseline and follow-up data from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank, individuals with ASCVD (including coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease) at baseline were excluded. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between RC and ASCVD risk and the association under different LDL-C levels.Results:A total of 57 281 participants were included, with a median follow-up of 5.61 person-years. During the follow-up, 1 436 ASCVD events (2.51%) were recorded. After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals with moderate ( HR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36) or high RC levels ( HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.15-1.51) had an increased risk of ASCVD. The association was stronger in participants younger than 60 years-old (interaction P=0.048). Participants with RC ≥0.97 mmol/L and LDL-C <3.40 mmol/L demonstrated a 19% ( HR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35) increased risk of ASCVD. When RC ≥0.97 mmol/L and LDL-C ≥3.40 mmol/L, ASCVD risk increased by 42% ( HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.21-1.67). Conclusions:Elevated RC increases ASCVD risk, regardless of LDL-C levels. RC can serve as a valuable predictor and intervention target for ASCVD.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and cytokines expression characteristics in infants with mild and severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.Methods:From May 2023 to December 2023, plasma samples and clinical information were collected from 16 infants with RSV infection and 14 control infants. Cytek Aurora flow cytometry (Cytek, America) and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression levels of 25 cytokines after mild and severe RSV infection.Results:Cough and nasal obstruction were the main clinical manifestations in infants with mild RSV infection, accompanied by polypnea, wheezing and other symptoms. The main symptoms of severe RSV infection were cough and rales, accompanied by fever and polypnea. In comparison with the control group, the expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, IL-22, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, MIP-1β, I-TAC, ENA-78, GROα, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the RSV infection group all exhibited an upregulation trend. Both IP-10 and MIP-3α demonstrated a downward trend in the RSV infection group; however, there was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, and IL-8 in the RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group, whereas the levels of MIG, TARC, and RANTES in the RSV infection group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-8, I-TAC, MIP-1β, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the mild RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the severe RSV infection group ( P>0.05). Among these, the levels of MIG, RANTES, TARC, MIP-3α, and ENA-78 in the mild infection group were all lower than those in the severe infection group. The expressions of ENA-78 and MIP-1α in the severe infection group were significantly higher than those in the mild infection group and also higher than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in IP-10 and GROα between the mild and severe RSV infection groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The differences in clinical features and cytokines between infants with mild and severe RSV infection provide important data support for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection in infants.

[Purpose]To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality in 2020 and trends from 2010 to 2020 in Henan Province.[Methods]Data from cancer registries in Henan Province from 2010 to 2020 were collected and evaluated.Incidence and mortality rates were calculated by urban/rural areas,sex and age,and the incidence and mortality of cancers in the whole province in 2020 were estimated based on population data released by Henan Provincial Bureau of Statistics.Age-standardized rates were calculated according to the age-standardized rate of Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC)and world standard population(ASIRW/ASMRW).Joinpoint 5.4.0 soft-ware was used to construct a regression model to analyze the changing trends of malignant tumors from 2010 to 2020,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)and 95％confidence in-terval were calculated.[Results]In 2020,the estimated number of new cancer cases in Henan Province was 299 148,with a crude incidence rate of 259.38/105,ASIRC of 201.09/105(204.56/105 for males and 200.45/105 for females)and ASIRW of 196.46/105(203.43/105 for males and 192.22/105 for females).The ASIRC was higher in urban areas(208.10/105)than that in rural areas(197.74/105).The top five cancer types in male were lung,stomach,liver,esophagus,and colorectal cancers,while the top five in female were breast,lung,thyroid,cervical,and esophageal cancers.The estimated number of cancer deaths was 172 070,with a crude mortality rate of 149.20/105 and ASMRC of 106.52/105(137.22/105 for males and 78.04/105 for females)and ASMRW of 106.24/105(137.05/105 for males and 77.91/105 for females).The ASMRC was higher in rural areas(109.92/105)than that in urban areas(99.49/105).The top five causes of cancer death in male were lung,stomach,liver,esophagus,and colorectal cancers,and those in female were lung,esophagus,stomach,liver,and breast cancers.From 2010 to 2020,the trends of ASIRC remained stable(AAPC=0.14％,P=0.572),while the ASMRC showed a significant decreasing trend(AAPC=-1.46％,P=0.011).[Conclusion]Lung cancer,breast cancer and digestive system cancers are the main malignant tumors threatening the health of residents in Henan Province.The incidence and mor-tality of common malignant tumors show significant gender and urban-rural differences.It is neces-sary to further optimize the prevention and control of malignant tumors,formulate targeted inter-vention strategies based on population characteristics,and improve the health awareness of the whole population.

Objective:To analyze the association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in community population in Shanghai.Methods:Using baseline and follow-up data from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank, individuals with ASCVD (including coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease) at baseline were excluded. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between RC and ASCVD risk and the association under different LDL-C levels.Results:A total of 57 281 participants were included, with a median follow-up of 5.61 person-years. During the follow-up, 1 436 ASCVD events (2.51%) were recorded. After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals with moderate ( HR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36) or high RC levels ( HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.15-1.51) had an increased risk of ASCVD. The association was stronger in participants younger than 60 years-old (interaction P=0.048). Participants with RC ≥0.97 mmol/L and LDL-C <3.40 mmol/L demonstrated a 19% ( HR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35) increased risk of ASCVD. When RC ≥0.97 mmol/L and LDL-C ≥3.40 mmol/L, ASCVD risk increased by 42% ( HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.21-1.67). Conclusions:Elevated RC increases ASCVD risk, regardless of LDL-C levels. RC can serve as a valuable predictor and intervention target for ASCVD.

[Purpose]To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality in 2020 and trends from 2010 to 2020 in Henan Province.[Methods]Data from cancer registries in Henan Province from 2010 to 2020 were collected and evaluated.Incidence and mortality rates were calculated by urban/rural areas,sex and age,and the incidence and mortality of cancers in the whole province in 2020 were estimated based on population data released by Henan Provincial Bureau of Statistics.Age-standardized rates were calculated according to the age-standardized rate of Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC)and world standard population(ASIRW/ASMRW).Joinpoint 5.4.0 soft-ware was used to construct a regression model to analyze the changing trends of malignant tumors from 2010 to 2020,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)and 95％confidence in-terval were calculated.[Results]In 2020,the estimated number of new cancer cases in Henan Province was 299 148,with a crude incidence rate of 259.38/105,ASIRC of 201.09/105(204.56/105 for males and 200.45/105 for females)and ASIRW of 196.46/105(203.43/105 for males and 192.22/105 for females).The ASIRC was higher in urban areas(208.10/105)than that in rural areas(197.74/105).The top five cancer types in male were lung,stomach,liver,esophagus,and colorectal cancers,while the top five in female were breast,lung,thyroid,cervical,and esophageal cancers.The estimated number of cancer deaths was 172 070,with a crude mortality rate of 149.20/105 and ASMRC of 106.52/105(137.22/105 for males and 78.04/105 for females)and ASMRW of 106.24/105(137.05/105 for males and 77.91/105 for females).The ASMRC was higher in rural areas(109.92/105)than that in urban areas(99.49/105).The top five causes of cancer death in male were lung,stomach,liver,esophagus,and colorectal cancers,and those in female were lung,esophagus,stomach,liver,and breast cancers.From 2010 to 2020,the trends of ASIRC remained stable(AAPC=0.14％,P=0.572),while the ASMRC showed a significant decreasing trend(AAPC=-1.46％,P=0.011).[Conclusion]Lung cancer,breast cancer and digestive system cancers are the main malignant tumors threatening the health of residents in Henan Province.The incidence and mor-tality of common malignant tumors show significant gender and urban-rural differences.It is neces-sary to further optimize the prevention and control of malignant tumors,formulate targeted inter-vention strategies based on population characteristics,and improve the health awareness of the whole population.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and cytokines expression characteristics in infants with mild and severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.Methods:From May 2023 to December 2023, plasma samples and clinical information were collected from 16 infants with RSV infection and 14 control infants. Cytek Aurora flow cytometry (Cytek, America) and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression levels of 25 cytokines after mild and severe RSV infection.Results:Cough and nasal obstruction were the main clinical manifestations in infants with mild RSV infection, accompanied by polypnea, wheezing and other symptoms. The main symptoms of severe RSV infection were cough and rales, accompanied by fever and polypnea. In comparison with the control group, the expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, IL-22, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, MIP-1β, I-TAC, ENA-78, GROα, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the RSV infection group all exhibited an upregulation trend. Both IP-10 and MIP-3α demonstrated a downward trend in the RSV infection group; however, there was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, and IL-8 in the RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group, whereas the levels of MIG, TARC, and RANTES in the RSV infection group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-8, I-TAC, MIP-1β, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the mild RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the severe RSV infection group ( P>0.05). Among these, the levels of MIG, RANTES, TARC, MIP-3α, and ENA-78 in the mild infection group were all lower than those in the severe infection group. The expressions of ENA-78 and MIP-1α in the severe infection group were significantly higher than those in the mild infection group and also higher than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in IP-10 and GROα between the mild and severe RSV infection groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The differences in clinical features and cytokines between infants with mild and severe RSV infection provide important data support for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection in infants.

Objective To investigate the effect of computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)as a"second reader"integrated in prostate cancer(PCa)multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)on the diagnostic performance.Methods Sixty-four patients were recruited retrospectively.Six readers were divided into 3 groups according to the experience.Unknown the pathologic diagnosis,readers graded according to prostate imaging reporting and data system(PI-RADS)v2.1 and accepted or rejected the revision of PI-RADS v2.1 scores by CAD.Using pathology as the gold standard,the diagnostic efficiency,diagnostic confidence and reading time of PI-RADS v2.1 were compared before and after CAD assistant.Results On the level of lesions,without CAD,the area under the curve(AUC)of reader A1 was higher than B1,C1 and C2,and the AUC of reader A2 was higher than C1 and C2,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).While the difference of AUC among other readers were not significant(P＞0.05).With CAD,the difference of AUC among all readers were not significant(P＞0.05).On the level of patients,the mean AUC of all readers with CAD[0.903,95％confidence interval(CI)0.848-0.958]was higher than that without CAD(0.863,95％CI 0.800-0.929),the differ-ence was statistically significant(F=6.52,P=0.040).The difference of AUC between without and with CAD assistance was-0.040(95％CI-0.078--0.003),standard deviation was 0.016,the difference was statistically significant(t=-2.55,P=0.040).The diag-nostic confidence of readers was improved significantly with CAD(P＜0.05).Besides,the average reading time of each case required an additional 0.8 min.Conclusion After integrating CAD into PCa mpMRI diagnosis as a"second reader",the performance of less experienced readers can be improved and show similar diagnostic efficiency with experienced readers.

Purpose To explore the ability of proton density fat fraction(PDFF)and decay constant T2* values in MRI to reflect skeletal muscle aging.Materials and Methods 3T MRI data of skeletal muscle in the middle thigh of 211 healthy adults from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from August to December 2023 were prospectively collected.Gender,age,height,weight and body mass index(BMI)were recorded.PDFF value and T2* value of thigh skeletal muscle were measured at post-processing workstation,and statistical differences among different age,gender and BMI groups were analyzed.The correlation between PDFF value and T2* value of thigh skeletal muscle and age and BMI was analyzed.Results There were statistically significant differences in PDFF values of thigh skeletal muscle among different age groups(H=18.476-85.619,all P<0.01).There were significantly differences in T2*values of the left and right quadriceps muscles,hamstrings and adductors among different age groups(H=13.342-47.566,all P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the PDFF values of right quadriceps,left and right hamstring,adductor and sartor muscles between male and female groups(Z=-4.929--1.626,all P<0.05),while there were statistically significant differences in T2* values of left sartor muscle(Z=-2.971,P=0.003).There was no statistical significance in PDFF value of skeletal muscle of thigh in different BMI groups(P>0.05),but there were statistically significant differences in T2* value of left and right quadriceps muscle,hamstring muscle and adductor muscle(H=9.542-24.495,all P<0.05).There was a moderate positive correlation between age and PDFF value of thigh skeletal muscle(r=0.635,P<0.01),but a slight negative correlation with T2* value of left and right quadriceps,hamstring and sarcoleus(r=-0.451--0.189,all P<0.01).There was a slight positive correlation between BMI and T2* values of thigh skeletal muscle(r=0.317,P<0.01).There was a moderate negative correlation between the PDFF value and T2* value of all thigh skeletal muscles(r=-0.749--0.624,P<0.01).The PDFF and T2* values of the front and back thigh muscles(quadriceps,hamstring)were most significantly correlated with age and BMI.Conclusion PDFF based on MRI can reflect the age-related changes in the microenvironment of thigh skeletal muscle,and is a potential imaging biological marker for accurate and non-invasive quantitative evaluation of thigh skeletal muscle aging.

Objective:To compare the antiplatelet effects of vicagrel and clopidogrel in patients with different cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotypes.Methods:This is a post-hoc analysis of a phase Ⅱ clinical trial of vicagrel, which included patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention from August 2018 to June 2019 in 18 centers. Patients were categorized based on the presence of CYP 2C19 *2 or *3 loss-of-function (LOF) alleles into LOF carrier group ( n=111) and non-LOF carrier group ( n=90). Each group included patients received vicagrel 5 mg, 6 mg, 7.5 mg, or clopidogrel 75 mg for 28 days per study protocol. P2Y 12 reaction units (PRU) were measured using VerifyNow at baseline, 6 to 8 hours after loading dose, 7 to 10 days after randomization, and 28 days after randomization and the percentage inhibition of platelet aggregation (%IPA) was calculated. The primary endpoint was %IPA on day 28. Within the patients from the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 8 to 12 patients in each study arms were enrolled in a prespecified pharmacokinetic sub-study, measuring the time to reach maximum plasma concentration (T max), peak plasma concentration (C max), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). Results:Among 201 patients, the age was (58.8±8.5) years, and 139 (69.2%) were male. In non-LOF carriers, there was no significant differences in PRU values and %IPA between the vicagrel 5 mg, 6 mg, 7 mg, and clopidogrel groups at all time points (all P>0.05). In LOF carriers, %IPA was significantly higher in the vicagrel-treated groups than in the clopidogrel group at 6-8 hours after loading dose (22.9 (14.2, 31.5)% vs. 19.8 (11.0, 28.6)% vs. 29.5 (20.9, 38.0)% vs. 12.9 (3.9, 21.9)%, P=0.038) and 7-10 days after randomization (22.4 (14.2, 30.5)% vs. 34.4 (26.1, 42.6)% vs. 39.8 (31.8, 47.9)% vs. 24.7 (16.3, 33.2)%, P=0.001), with a trend towards higher %IPA in the vicagrel-treated groups at day 28 (30.4 (21.3, 39.6)% vs. 36.5 (27.2, 45.7)% vs. 40.8 (31.8, 49.8)% vs. 30.7(21.2, 40.2)%, P=0.056). Pharmacokinetic results of 35 patients showed that the C max and AUC of the active metabolite M15-2 of vicagrel was similar to that of clopidogrel in non-LOF carriers, but AUC between vicagrel 5 mg, 6 mg, 7 mg and clopidogrel were significantly different in LOF carriers ((5.6±0.6) h·μg -1·L -1 vs. (6.8±2.7) h·μg -1·L -1 vs. (9.2±3.3) h·μg -1·L -1 vs. (4.2±1.9) h·μg -1·ml -1, P=0.020). Conclusion:Vicagrel and clopidogrel have similar antiplatelet effects in non-LOF carriers, but vicagrel exhibits superior antiplatelet effects in LOF carriers.