Background::Breast cancer is ranked among the most prevalent malignancies in the Chinese female population. However, comprehensive reports detailing the latest epidemiological data and attributable disease burden have not been extensively documented.Methods::In 2018, high-quality cancer surveillance data were recorded in 700 population-based cancer registries in China. We extracted data on female breast cancers (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10]: C50) and estimated the incidence and mortality in 2022 according to the baseline data and corresponding trends from 2010 to 2018. Pathological types were classified according to the ICD for Oncology, 3rd Edition codes. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of the years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs).Results::In 2022, approximately 357,200 new female breast cancer cases and 75,000 deaths occurred in China, accounting for 15.59% and 7.94% of total new cancer cases and deaths, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 33.04 per 100,000. When analyzed by pathological type, the ASIRs for papillary neoplasms, invasive breast carcinoma, rare and salivary gland-type tumors, and other types were 1.13, 29.79, 0.24, and 1.88 per 100,000, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 6.10 per 100,000. A total of 2,628,000 DALYs were found to be attributable to female breast cancer in China, comprising 2,278,300 YLLs and 349,700 YLDs. The ASIR, ASMR, and age-standardized rate (ASR) for DALYs in urban areas were consistently higher than those in rural areas. We observed a four-fold increase in the ASIR and ASR for DALYs and an eight-fold increase in the ASMR among females over 55 years compared with those aged under 55 years.Conclusion::These data provide invaluable insights into the latest epidemiology of female breast cancer in China and highlight the urgency for disease prevention and control strategy formulation.

Objective: To evaluate the distribution characteristics and health risk of trichloromethane (TCM) in the drinking water supply of primary and middle schools in rural areas of Tianjin, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving drinking water safety in rural schools. Methods: A total of 60 water samples from 30 rural primary and middle schools in 10 agricultural districts of Tianjin were collected from April to June (dry season) and July to October (wet season) in 2023 with direct selection method. The content of TCM was detected according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Drinking Water, and a risk assessment method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was used to evaluate the health risk of TCM through oral exposure. Results: The concentration of TCM in drinking water was no detection to 54.00 μg/L, with an average of (13.44±14.88) μg/L, and the value was higher during the wet season [12.90(1.40,32.28)μg/L] than the dry season [2.40(1.40,18.13)μg/L] (Z=-2.09, P<0.05). The concentration of TCM for primary and middle schools were [3.38(1.40,20.75) μg/L] and [5.30(1.40,28.23)μg/L] respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between different types of schools (Z=0.50, P>0.05). The carcinogenic risk through oral exposure ranged from 3.84×10-7 to 2.05×10-5, while the noncarcinogenic risk ranged from (0.00-0.16), all within the acceptable range. Children aged 6 to 9 years old were at the highest risk. Conclusions TCM has been detected in the drinking water of rural primary and middle schools to a certain extent in Tianjin, and attention should be paid to the potential health risks of oral exposure. The monitoring and management of disinfection byproducts in drinking water should be strengthened to further reduce the risk of exposure to children.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhuanyaotang Granules for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis(DLSS).Methods Using a randomized double blind controlled design,104 DLSS patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method,with 52 patients in each group.The treatment group took oral Zhuanyaotang Granules,methylcobalamin tablets and celecoxib capsule simulants.The control group used Zhuanyaotang Granules simulants,methylcobalamin tablets and celecoxib capsules.The course of treatment was 3 weeks for both groups.The follow-ups were conducted at 1 month and 3 months after treatment.The intermittent claudication distance,visual analogue scale(VAS)score and JOA efficacy rating criteria for low back pain score were observed in both groups before treatment,1,2,3 weeks of treatment and 1 month after treatment and 3 months after treatment.Adverse reactions during treatment were recorded.Results There were 5 cases of detachment and 2 cases of exclusion in the experimental group,and 5 cases of detachment and 1 case of exclusion in the control group.Compared with before treatment,there were statistically significant differences in intermittent claudication distance,VAS score,and JOA score between the two groups of patients at various time points during treatment and follow-up(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in intermittent claudication distance,VAS score,and JOA score between the experimental group and the control group before treatment and 1 and 2 weeks of treatment(P>0.05);compared with the two groups at 3 weeks of treatment and 1 and 3 months after treatment,the intermittent claudication distance and JOA score in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups and the control group after 3 weeks of treatment(P>0.05).There were 2 adverse reactions(4.4%)in the experimental group and 5 adverse reactions(10.8%)in the control group,without statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion Zhuanyaotang Granules can effectively relieve pain and improve lumbar function in patients with DLSS,which is more effective and safer than oral celecoxib capsules and methylcobalamin tablets.

Objective:To investigate the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in plasma samples from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate its correlation with antibody titer and neutralizing activity.Methods:A simple method for ADCC detection was established using HEK293T cells expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein as target cells and FcγRⅢa-V158-expressing Jurkat cells as effector cells. It was used to analyze the ADCC activity in 38 plasma samples after the ratio of effector cells to target cells was optimized. Plasma-specific antibody was detected by capturing ELISA, which was to capture the C-terminal-tagged recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S protein with an anti-tag antibody. The neutralizing activity in plasma samples was detected using a pseudovirus neutralization assay. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between different groups and non-parametric Spearman correlation test was performed for correlation analysis. Results:The seroconversion rates for antibodies specific for S protein, S1 protein and RBD were all 97.4% (37/38), and the dynamic changes in antibody titers with recovery time showed that antibody titers peaked at 3-4 weeks. Among the plasma samples with neutralizing activity, those with antibody titers >1∶320 had stronger neutralizing activity than the plasma samples with antibody titers <1∶320 [IC 50: 749.6 (396.5-3 772.0) vs 81.4 (11.6-228.4), P<0.01]. ADCC activity was detectable in 86.8% (33/38) of the plasma samples, and its dynamic change with recovery time were consistent with that of specific antibody titer with a peak at 3-4 weeks. Correlation analysis showed ADCC was positively correlated with the titers of antibodies specific for S protein, S1 protein and RBD ( r=0.686, 0.535 and 0.471, all P<0.01). A positive correlation was also found between ADCC and neutralizing activity ( r=0.573, P<0.01). Conclusions:This study established a simple method for the detection of ADCC. Results of this study suggested that SARS-CoV-2 could induce specific ADCC in plasma and the ADCC might be associated with non-neutralizing antibodies. Besides, the activity of ADCC peaked at 3-4 weeks. These findings would be of reference value for clinical treatment with convalescent plasma.

Blau syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the a mix of granulomatous arthritis, uveitis, and dermatitis. Patients typically manifest multisystem involvement, including ocular, skin, and skeletal abnormalities. Blau syndrome is extremely rare, with a global incidence of less than one in a million among children. In this multidisciplinary consultation, we present a case of a 21-year-old young female patient having multisystemic involvement since early childhood. She was presented with multiple joint swelling, skin lesions, increased eye discharge, and accompanied by hypertension and arterial abnormalities, and received a diagnosis of uveitis. The patient had been receiving steroid treatment since the age of 6 and has tried various medications, with some improvement in joint swelling and ocular symptoms. Through this rare disease multidisciplinary consultation, we aim to provide guidance in the molecular diagnosis of the patient, multisystem assessment, and the selection and formulation of treatment plans. Additionally, we hope that by reporting this case, clinical physicians can gain a better understanding of the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment strategies for Blau syndrome, thereby improving the management and treatment of rare diseases.

The dorsal lingual epithelium, which is composed of taste buds and keratinocytes differentiated from K14⁺ basal cells, discriminates taste compounds and maintains the epithelial barrier. N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is the most abundant mRNA modification in eukaryotic cells. How METTL3-mediated m⁶A modification regulates K14⁺ basal cell fate during dorsal lingual epithelium formation and regeneration remains unclear. Here we show knockout of Mettl3 in K14⁺ cells reduced the taste buds and enhanced keratinocytes. Deletion of Mettl3 led to increased basal cell proliferation and decreased cell division in taste buds. Conditional Mettl3 knock-in mice showed little impact on taste buds or keratinization, but displayed increased proliferation of cells around taste buds in a protective manner during post-irradiation recovery. Mechanically, we revealed that the most frequent m⁶A modifications were enriched in Hippo and Wnt signaling, and specific peaks were observed near the stop codons of Lats1 and FZD7. Our study elucidates that METTL3 is essential for taste bud formation and could promote the quantity recovery of taste bud after radiation.
Animals ; Epithelium/metabolism* ; Homeostasis ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/metabolism* ; Mice ; RNA ; Taste Buds/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the potential pleiotropism of cancer-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among Chinese population.Methods:Based on the catalogue of GWAS jointly constructed by the National Human Genome Research Institute and the European Institute of Bioinformatics, according to population origin (Chinese population and non-Chinese population) and disease traits (cancer and non-cancer traits). All SNPs found by GWAS before August 2020 were divided into four categories: cancer in Chinese population, non-cancer in Chinese population, cancer in non-Chinese population and non-cancer in non-Chinese population. The number, correlation and linkage of the four categories of SNPs were described.Results:By August 2020, a total of 196 813 SNPs from 4 096 GWAS were included in the GWAS directory. The information that SNPs refer to unknown or were not related to the disease was excluded, and 117 441 independent SNPs were finally included. There were 619 SNPs related to cancer and 9 569 SNPs related to non-cancer disease in Chinese population, respectively. There were 4 624 SNPs related to cancer and 106 448 SNPs related to non-cancer disease (trait) in non-Chinese population, respectively. Three SNPs, rs2736100, rs6983267 and rs401681, were associated with two or more types of cancer in both Chinese and non-Chinese populations. Seven SNPs, rs7705526, rs2736100, rs10993994, rs2735839, rs4430796, rs174537 and rs9271588, were associated with cancer and non-cancer diseases in both Chinese and non-Chinese populations, respectively.Conclusion:There is a potential pleiotropism of cancer-related SNPs in Chinese population.

Objective:To investigate the potential pleiotropism of cancer-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among Chinese population.Methods:Based on the catalogue of GWAS jointly constructed by the National Human Genome Research Institute and the European Institute of Bioinformatics, according to population origin (Chinese population and non-Chinese population) and disease traits (cancer and non-cancer traits). All SNPs found by GWAS before August 2020 were divided into four categories: cancer in Chinese population, non-cancer in Chinese population, cancer in non-Chinese population and non-cancer in non-Chinese population. The number, correlation and linkage of the four categories of SNPs were described.Results:By August 2020, a total of 196 813 SNPs from 4 096 GWAS were included in the GWAS directory. The information that SNPs refer to unknown or were not related to the disease was excluded, and 117 441 independent SNPs were finally included. There were 619 SNPs related to cancer and 9 569 SNPs related to non-cancer disease in Chinese population, respectively. There were 4 624 SNPs related to cancer and 106 448 SNPs related to non-cancer disease (trait) in non-Chinese population, respectively. Three SNPs, rs2736100, rs6983267 and rs401681, were associated with two or more types of cancer in both Chinese and non-Chinese populations. Seven SNPs, rs7705526, rs2736100, rs10993994, rs2735839, rs4430796, rs174537 and rs9271588, were associated with cancer and non-cancer diseases in both Chinese and non-Chinese populations, respectively.Conclusion:There is a potential pleiotropism of cancer-related SNPs in Chinese population.

Objective:To evaluate the enrollment rate, mutation rate and causes of variability the clinical pathway of bronchopneumonia.Methods:The enrollment rate, completion rate, variation and reasons of the clinical pathway in Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected.Data of patients after the clinical pathway of bronchopneumonia in other tertiary class A hospitals were gathered by questionnaires, and the enrollment rate, completion rate, variation rate and reasons were analyzed.Results:(1)At the end of 2016, 11 of the 13 hospitals included in this study had implemented the clinical pathway for 5 years, 1 hospital for 3 years, and 1 hospital for 2 years.(2) Eleven hospitals provided their enrollment rates.The enrollement rate of 2 hospitals was<50%, and that of 9 hospitals was>80%.The annual completion rate of Beijing Children′s Hospital was ≥75%, and the completion rates offered by 8 hospitals were basically >70%.(3) Since the implementation of the clinical pathway for 5 years in Beijing Children′s Hospital, a total of 427 cases were enrolled of which 93 cases were mutated (variability 21.78%). The variability of 5 hospitals was maintained at <15%.The variability of 3 hospitals decreased with the implementation years, and became qualified.The variability of 1 hospital first rebounded and then controlled; 1 hospital increased by 27.65%; 1 hospital was first controlled and rebounded; 1 hospital was always >15%.The main cause of the mutation was coexisting diseases, complications, progression of the disease, or correction of the first diagnosis, etc.Conclusions:The completion rate of tertiary class A hospitals meets the requirements of national policy.However, the enrollment rate needs to be improved, and the variation rate among different hospitals differs a lot.Further implementation of the clinical pathway should be strengthened and monitored.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a non-coding RNA which exists widely in eukaryotic cells with a structure of covalently closed continuous loop. Its generation, characteristics and functions have received extensive attention, making it one of the hot spots in the field of non-coding RNA research. Many studies have found that circRNA plays an important role in the development of various diseases including cardiovascular disease, nervous system disease and cancer. Cardiovascular disease is a worldwide common disease with high incidence and poor prognosis. Its exact pathogenesis has not been found, which blocks the development of cardiovascular disease treatment. In this review, we summarize the loop-forming mechanisms, the functions and the progress of current researches of circRNA in cardiovascular diseases.