Changes in lifestyle,such as increasing exercise,are key factors affecting the health and quality of life in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Exercise can effectively improve the physical health of these patients and is the cornerstone of the treatment of MAFLD.However,different types,intensities,durations,and frequencies of exercise have a varying degree of influence on MAFLD.This article summarizes the effect and influence of different exercise prescriptions on these patients,which helps the medical staff to develop individualized exercise regimens and encourage them to actively participate in exercise,thereby providing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Changes in lifestyle,such as increasing exercise,are key factors affecting the health and quality of life in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Exercise can effectively improve the physical health of these patients and is the cornerstone of the treatment of MAFLD.However,different types,intensities,durations,and frequencies of exercise have a varying degree of influence on MAFLD.This article summarizes the effect and influence of different exercise prescriptions on these patients,which helps the medical staff to develop individualized exercise regimens and encourage them to actively participate in exercise,thereby providing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the primary treatment for malignant hematologic diseases. However, due to complex factors, patients are prone to exhibiting multiple symptoms that interact to form symptom clusters, significantly impacting their quality of life and the outcomes of transplantation. This paper elaborates on the composition, evaluation tools, influencing factors, and nursing interventions of symptom clusters in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, aiming to provide guidance for the clinical management of symptom clusters in these patients.

Acute ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, characterized by high mortality, disability, and recurrence rates. Intravenous thrombolysis is the core treatment method. Among them, alteplase is effective as the standard drug, but it has limitations such as narrow time window, high risk of bleeding, and the need for continuous infusion. The new generation of improved drug tenecteplase has the advantages of single intravenous injection and higher fibrin specificity, making it a potential alternative drug to alteplase. In addition, endovascular therapy compensates for the low recanalization rate of large vessel occlusion on the basis of intravenous thrombolysis. This article reviews the clinical progress of teneplase in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, aiming to provide reference for optimizing the treatment plan of acute ischemic stroke.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the primary treatment for malignant hematologic diseases. However, due to complex factors, patients are prone to exhibiting multiple symptoms that interact to form symptom clusters, significantly impacting their quality of life and the outcomes of transplantation. This paper elaborates on the composition, evaluation tools, influencing factors, and nursing interventions of symptom clusters in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, aiming to provide guidance for the clinical management of symptom clusters in these patients.

Objective:To explore the survival status and economic burden of disease for patients with Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndrome(CAPS)in China.Methods:From August 2023 to February 2024,a questionnaire survey was conducted on patients who volunteered to participate.The survey included patients'sociodemographic characteristics,current medical treatment status,disease economic burden and life quality.Results:A total of 35 valid questionnaires were collected.The average age of onset for the patients was 5.67 years,and the average duration from onset to confirmed diagnosis was 7.63 years.The average total medical cost per person in the past 12 months was 82 532.79 yuan,which is significantly higher than the national per capita disposable income of China in 2023.Conclusion:CAPS has an early onset and a long duration until diagnosis,with treatment primarily symptomatic,resulting in a heavy disease burden for patients and their families.

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, including whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), have greatly increased the diagnostic rates for genetic disorders. However, challenges still remain with the interpretation of variants of uncertain significance (VUS), variants in non-coding regions, and understanding of the effects of such variants on downstream genes. As a result, the diagnostic rates have typically ranged from 25% to 57%. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) can complement DNA sequencing by revealing the functional consequences of genetic variants through the detection of aberrant gene expression, abnormal splicing events, allele-specific expression, and fusion gene expression. This has further increased the diagnostic rate of genetic disorders and enriched their therapeutic strategies. By broadening the scope of conventional genomic diagnostic methods, RNA-seq is poised to become a novel tool for the diagnosis of genetic disorders. This review has explored the methodologies and technical characteristics of RNA-seq by focusing on its recent advancement in clinical diagnosis, applications in undiagnosed genetic disorders, and the main challenges encountered.
Humans ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods* ; Exome Sequencing/methods*

BACKGROUND: Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1) binds to double-stranded RNA and catalyzes the deamination of adenosine (A) to inosine (I). The functional mechanism of ADAR1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of ADAR1 in NSCLC and to elucidate its potential role in regulating tumor cell proliferation and migration. METHODS: Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and cBioPortal were analyzed to assess the correlation between high ADAR1 expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis in lung cancer. We performed Western blot (WB), cell proliferation assays, Transwell invasion/migration assays, and nude mouse xenograft modeling to examine the phenotypic changes and molecular mechanisms induced by ADAR1 knockdown. Furthermore, the ADAR1 p150 overexpression model was utilized to validate the proposed mechanism. RESULTS: ADAR1 expression was significantly elevated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (LUAD: P=3.70×10-15, LUSC: P=0.016). High ADAR1 expression was associated with poor prognosis (LUAD: P=2.03×10-2, LUSC: P=2.81×10-2) and distant metastasis (P=0.003). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that elevated ADAR1 was associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway activation, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression, and cell adhesion. ADAR1 and MMP-9 levels showed a strongly positive correlation (P=6.45×10-34) in 10 lung cancer cell lines, highest in H1581. Knockdown of ADAR1 in H1581 cells induced a rounded cellular morphology with reduced pseudopodia. Concomitantly, it suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and in vivo tumorigenesis. It also suppressed ERK phosphorylation and downregulated cellular Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (c-FOS), MMP-9, N-cadherin, and Vimentin. Conversely, ADAR1 p150 overexpression in PC9 cells enhanced ERK phosphorylation and increased c-FOS and MMP-9 expression. CONCLUSIONS High ADAR1 expression is closely associated with poor prognosis and distant metastasis in NSCLC patients. Mechanistically, ADAR1 may promote proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis in lung cancer cells via the ERK/c-FOS/MMP-9 axis.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Adenosine Deaminase/genetics* ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/physiopathology* ; Cell Movement ; Animals ; Mice ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Female ; Male ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics* ; Middle Aged ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Mice, Nude ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/genetics*

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. As the key pathological basis of CVD, arteriosclerosis holds great significance for early screening. However, existing clinical and homecare detection devices have many shortcomings; for instance, the commonly used non-invasive indicator PWV (pulse wave velocity) is easily interfered by blood pressure.This study developed a homecare arteriosclerosis monitoring system, which integrates the measurement functions of cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). The hardware design of the system includes an integrated structure of flexible silver ion electrodes and clip-type cuffs, a contact heart sound sensor, and a stepped deflation blood pressure measurement module. Meanwhile, a high-precision analog-to-digital conversion module and the STM32F405 main control chip are used to realize the synchronous acquisition of multiple signals.In terms of software, the underlying driver program was designed through MDK (Keil5), and a user interface was built on the Visual Studio platform to achieve functions such as data acquisition, display, and storage. At the algorithm level, the system adopted algorithms like the Pan-Tompkins algorithm to identify key feature points of physiological signals, and then calculate CAVI and ABI.System test results show that the ECG input noise of the system is less than 20 μV, the common-mode rejection ratio is 95 dB, and the blood pressure measurement error does not exceed 2 mmHg, which meets the design goals. Clinical data analysis indicates that CAVI is highly positively correlated with pulse wave velocity (PWV) ( r=0.85, P<0.001), but CAVI is less affected by blood pressure fluctuations. In addition, with the increase of risk factors (such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, etc.) and age, arteriosclerosis indicators (CAVI, PWV, ABI) all show an upward trend.In conclusion, the homecare arteriosclerosis monitoring system proposed in this study not only overcomes the problems of traditional devices that rely on professional operation and are susceptible to blood pressure interference, but also provides a reliable tool for arteriosclerosis screening in home scenarios, and has important reference value for clinical diagnosis.
Humans ; Cardio Ankle Vascular Index ; Home Care Services ; Atherosclerosis/diagnosis* ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Algorithms ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Arteriosclerosis/diagnosis* ; Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation*

Objective:To investigate the differences in prognosis between different surgical approaches in elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer.Methods:Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, a cohort of elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer from 2000 to 2020 was established. Through propensity score matching, 2 094 patients were selected from those who underwent two different surgical approaches to form a matched cohort (SEER database cohort), including 1 039 patients who received cytoreductive surgery and 1 055 patients who underwent local resection. Meanwhile, 148 elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2012 to January 2024 were selected (hospital cohort), among whom 85 underwent cytoreductive surgery and 63 underwent local resection. The prognostic differences among patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery and local resection in two cohorts and stratified by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging were evaluated, respectively. The relationship between the causes of death and surgical approaches in elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer was analyzed.Results:In the SEER database cohort, the median overall survival (OS) for patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery and local resection was 37 and 40 months, respectively, with 5-year OS rates of 31.47% and 33.74%, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.78, P=0.378). After stratification by FIGO staging, the median OS for patients with stage ⅢB-ⅢC who underwent cytoreductive surgery ( n=998) and local resection ( n=962) was 38 and 40 months, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.20, P=0.659). For patients with stage Ⅳ, the median OS for those who underwent cytoreductive surgery ( n=41) and local resection ( n=93) was 17 and 36 months, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=9.37, P=0.002). Among 2 094 elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer, 1 581 had clearly identified causes of death. In patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery, the proportions of deaths due to ovarian cancer and non-ovarian cancer were 94.52% (742/785) and 5.48% (43/785), respectively. In patients who underwent local resection, the proportions of deaths due to ovarian cancer and non-ovarian cancer were 91.46% (728/796) and 8.54% (68/796), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of causes of death between the two surgical approaches ( χ2=5.69, P=0.017). In the hospital cohort, the median OS for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and local resection was 39 and 51 months, respectively, with 5-year OS rates of 22.85% and 23.81%, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=6.71, P=0.010). After stratification by FIGO staging, the median OS for patients with stage ⅢB-ⅢC undergoing cytoreductive surgery ( n=29) and local resection ( n=26) was 50 and 51 months, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.15, P=0.699) ; for patients with stage Ⅳ undergoing cytoreductive surgery ( n=56) and local resection ( n=37), the median OS was 35 and 47 months, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=6.55, P=0.011) . Conclusions:The survival outcomes of local resection in elderly patients with advanced ovarian cancer are not inferior to those of cytoreductive surgery. For FIGO stage Ⅳ patients, the survival period following local resection is superior to that of cytoreductive surgery.