ObjectiveTo explore the effect of elbow-wrist functional orthosis on plantar pressure distribution and balance function in stroke patients with hemiplegia. MethodsFrom June, 2024 to April, 2025, 60 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were recruited from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Hebin Rehabilitation Hospital. They were randomly divided into control group (n = 30) and intervention group (n = 30). The control group received routine neurological rehabilitation, while the intervention group received additional training with an elbow-wrist functional orthosis on the affected side, for eight weeks. Before and after intervention, the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) of the elbow joint, plantar pressure symmetry index (SI), plantar contact area and mean plantar pressure were recorded, and balance and mobility were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up & Go Test (TUGT) and 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT). ResultsTwo cases dropped out in the control group. After treatment, MAS grades of the elbow joint, forefoot SI, affected side plantar pressure area, BBS scores, TUGT and 10MWT of both groups improved (|Z| > 3.969, |t| > 3.528, P < 0.01), while the hindfoot SI and average pressure of the affected foot improved in the intervention group (∣t∣ > 4.264, P < 0.001). Except for TUGT and 10MWT, the intervention group was superior to the control group (∣Z∣ > 2.030, ∣t∣ > 2.096, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe elbow-wrist functional orthosis can enhance balance function in stroke patients with hemiplegia by reducing upper-limb spasticity, optimizing center-of-gravity distribution, and improving postural control.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF） is an acute and critical illness with a high short-term mortality rate， and current therapies mainly focus on elimination of causes， organ support， and prevention of complications. Although liver transplantation is the most effective treatment modality， its clinical application is limited， and traditional Chinese medicine has shown significant advantages and characteristics in the treatment of ACLF. In traditional Chinese medicine， ACLF is classified into the same category as diseases such as “jaundice”， and unlike traditional jaundice which is mostly characterized by excess and heat syndromes， the syndrome of ACLF has gradually transformed from Yang jaundice to Yin jaundice due to the changing disease spectrum of ACLF. With reference to the pathogenesis of ACLF in Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine theories， this article discusses the essential pathogenesis of ACLF in traditional Chinese medicine， explores the evolution of ACLF syndromes， and reviews the research advances in the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine based on the three-factor differentiation-based treatment of damp-heat， blood stasis-heat， and spleen deficiency， as well as the safety of spleen-strengthening and Yang-warming drugs in the clinical treatment of ACLF， in order to provide ideas， methods， and evidence for the application of traditional Chinese medicine in ACLF.

Rodent models play a crucial role in research on human periodontal diseases,providing key evidence for investigation into the pathological mechanisms of periodontal bone defects.Relevant research in the field involves gene expression,inflammatory regulation mechanisms,host-microbial interactions,as well as disease resolution and healing processes.Research methodology in the field falls under 2 categories-periodontal inflammation models and surgical defect models.The former simulates periodontal defects by inducing periodontal diseases,while the latter constructs clinically simulated periodontal defects through surgical removal of periodontal tissue.However,the currently available animal models of periodontitis face challenges in simultaneously capturing the disease complexity,tracking dynamic repair processes,and meeting translational needs.Herein,we reviewed and summarized the methods and characteristics of periodontal disease modeling in recent years.We proposed the establishment of a multimodal assessment framework integrating technologies such as spatial transcriptomics,single-cell sequencing,and in vivo fluorescence imaging,which may serve as a critical pathway for overcoming existing research challenges.

Objective:To discuss the effect of erythritol on glucose and lipid metabolism in the body,and to clarify the mechanism of erythritol affecting liver metabolism based on metabonomics.Methods:The male ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group,sucrose group(2％sucrose),low dose of erythritol(1％erythritol)group,medium dose of erythritol(2％erythritol)group,and high dose of erythritol(4％erythritol)group,with 10 mice in each group.The corresponding concentrations of sucrose and erythritol solutions were prepared and placed in water bottles,and the mice were allowed to drink and eat freely for 12 consecutive weeks;the body mass,food intakes,and water intakes of the mice in various groups were measured.Commercial kits were used to detect the serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and blood glucose levels of the mice in various groups;the liver indexes of the mice were calculated.Ultra performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap exactive mass spectrometry(UPLC-OE-MS)non-targeted metabonomics was used to detect the liver metabolites of the mice normal group and high dose of erythritol group;bioinformatics analysis was used to screen the differential liver metabolites between the two groups with variable importance in projection(VIP)＞1 and adjusted P＜0.05;Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the functional roles of the differential liver metabolites.Results:Compared with normal group,there were no significant differences in the body mass,food intake,liver index,and blood lipid levels of the mice in various groups(P＞0.05);compared with normal group,the blood glucose level of the mice in high dose of erythritol group was significantly increased(P＜0.01).The metabonomics analysis of the liver tissues of the mice in two groups identified 1 144 metabolites,mainly including lipids and lipid-like molecules(17.39％),organic acids and derivatives(10.87％),organic heterocyclic compounds(5.80％),and organic oxygen compounds(5.07％).Compared with normal group,there were 138 differential liver metabolites in the mice in high dose of erythritol group,among which 112 metabolites were up-regulated and 26 metabolites were down-regulated.The KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis results showed that the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolism,steroid hormone biosynthesis,cortisol synthesis and metabolism,and Cushing's syndrome pathways;the further topological analysis of the metabolic pathways results showed that the differential metabolites were mainly involved in sphingolipid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle,riboflavin metabolism,steroid hormone biosynthesis,and purine metabolism signal pathways.Conclusion:Long-term intake of high dose of erythritol can increase the blood glucose level in the mice,and the mechanism may be that it affects the tricarboxylic acid cycle by interfering with riboflavin metabolism and interferes with sphingolipid metabolism,leading to impairment of the blood glucose control system.

Urolithiasis represents a prevalent clinical challenge marked by high recurrence rates and morbidity，with existing preventive strategies struggling to effectively curb its epidemic trajectory，thereby posing a significant threat to public health. The etiology of this condition is intricate，involving a complex network of interactions spanning classical supersaturation-crystallization theory，Randall’s plaque theory，and multifactorial elements such as cellular injury，inflammatory responses，metabolic derangements，the gut-kidney axis，immune dysregulation，and genetic predisposition. However，the critical mechanisms initiating stone formation and the early pathophysiological processes remain incompletely elucidated，constituting the core impasse in current preventive strategies. This review systematically synthesizes classical theories and cutting-edge advancements in urolithiasis etiology research，emphasizing the urgent need to integrate emerging technologies，including high-dimensional omics，advanced imaging modalities，and artificial intelligence，to dissect pivotal pathological nodes in early stone formation. Such interdisciplinary efforts are essential to overcome cognitive bottlenecks and ultimately achieve personalized，precision-based prevention strategies.

Urolithiasis represents a prevalent clinical challenge marked by high recurrence rates and morbidity，with existing preventive strategies struggling to effectively curb its epidemic trajectory，thereby posing a significant threat to public health. The etiology of this condition is intricate，involving a complex network of interactions spanning classical supersaturation-crystallization theory，Randall’s plaque theory，and multifactorial elements such as cellular injury，inflammatory responses，metabolic derangements，the gut-kidney axis，immune dysregulation，and genetic predisposition. However，the critical mechanisms initiating stone formation and the early pathophysiological processes remain incompletely elucidated，constituting the core impasse in current preventive strategies. This review systematically synthesizes classical theories and cutting-edge advancements in urolithiasis etiology research，emphasizing the urgent need to integrate emerging technologies，including high-dimensional omics，advanced imaging modalities，and artificial intelligence，to dissect pivotal pathological nodes in early stone formation. Such interdisciplinary efforts are essential to overcome cognitive bottlenecks and ultimately achieve personalized，precision-based prevention strategies.

There is limited evidence to support the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in solid organ transplants (SOTs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of GLP-1RAs in this population. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were a thorough literature search until July 2024 for SOTs with pre- and posttransplant diabetes mellitus (DM). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), weight, and body mass index (BMI) were the primary outcomes. We estimated odds ratios and standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. I2 statistics measured heterogeneity. GLP-1RAs were administered to 806 subjects (99.8%) in 16 trials. Median follow-up was 12 months (interquartile range, 1–49 months). The mean age was 57.05 ± 10.24 years, with 64.6% male patients. HbA1c levels (MD, –0.61% [95% CI, –0.82 to –0.40]; p < 0.01, I2 = 72%), weight, and BMI were statistically significantly reduced. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; SMD, –0.38 mL/min/1.73 m2 [95% CI, –1.01 to 0.25]; p = 0.24, I2 = 0%), creatinine, and blood pressure did not change significantly. Additionally, total daily insulin dosage, lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and tacrolimus levels (MD, –0.40 ng/mL [95% CI, –0.85 to 0.05]; p = 0.08, I2 = 42%) did not yield statistically significant. GLP-1RAs caused increased nausea and vomiting (13.9%), urinary tract infections (21.1%), and drug discontinuation (13.4%). In SOT recipients, GLP-1RAs significantly reduced HbA1c, weight, and BMI without significantly altering tacrolimus trough levels, eGFR, creatinine, or cardiovascular outcomes. Gastrointestinal side effects were the most common adverse events.

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment status of Chinese small cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) patients, providing insights into this unique population and comparing findings with international literature. Methods: Through a meta-analysis, we collected data from published case reports and records from the Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. Demographic information, clinical presentations, tumor attributes, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were extracted and examined alongside relevant global studies. Results: The analysis encompassed 80 Chinese SCCOHT patients, of which 62 from 33 previously reported literatures, and the other 18 were from Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. In 62 cases with stage information, A total of 25 tumors were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I, 3 were stage II, 19 were stage III, and 15 were stage IV. Most patients received surgery and chemotherapy, but regimens were varied. Median follow-up was 10 months (range=4–120). Elevated carbohydrate antigen 125 and serum calcium levels were consistent findings. Recurrence rates were notable, especially among stage I patients. Platinum-based chemotherapy, paclitaxel and carboplatin (n=11, 13.4%), constituted common treatment regimens. Conclusion This study observed demographic and clinical similarities with international datasets. And the findings emphasize the urgency for innovative therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in SCCOHT patients. Continued research efforts are essential to enhance the knowledge surrounding this rare malignancy and to optimize its clinical management.

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment status of Chinese small cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) patients, providing insights into this unique population and comparing findings with international literature. Methods: Through a meta-analysis, we collected data from published case reports and records from the Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. Demographic information, clinical presentations, tumor attributes, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were extracted and examined alongside relevant global studies. Results: The analysis encompassed 80 Chinese SCCOHT patients, of which 62 from 33 previously reported literatures, and the other 18 were from Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. In 62 cases with stage information, A total of 25 tumors were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I, 3 were stage II, 19 were stage III, and 15 were stage IV. Most patients received surgery and chemotherapy, but regimens were varied. Median follow-up was 10 months (range=4–120). Elevated carbohydrate antigen 125 and serum calcium levels were consistent findings. Recurrence rates were notable, especially among stage I patients. Platinum-based chemotherapy, paclitaxel and carboplatin (n=11, 13.4%), constituted common treatment regimens. Conclusion This study observed demographic and clinical similarities with international datasets. And the findings emphasize the urgency for innovative therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in SCCOHT patients. Continued research efforts are essential to enhance the knowledge surrounding this rare malignancy and to optimize its clinical management.

ObjectiveTo explore the syndrome elements and evolving patterns of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute on chronic liver failure （HBV-ACLF） at different stages. MethodsClinical information of 1,058 hospitalized HBV-ACLF patients， including 618 in the early stage， 355 in the middle stage， and 85 in the late stage， were collected from 18 clinical centers across 12 regions nationwide from January 1， 2012 to February 28， 2015. The “Hepatitis B-related Chronic and Acute Liver Failure Chinese Medicine Clinical Questionnaire” were designed to investigate the basic information of the patients， like the four diagnostic information （including symptoms， tongue， pulse） of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and to count the frequency of the appearance of the four diagnostic information. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were employed to determine and statistically analyze the syndrome elements and patterns of HBV-ACLF patients at different stages. ResultsThere were 76 four diagnostic information from 1058 HBV-ACLF patients， and 53 four diagnostic information with a frequency of occurrence ≥ 5% were used as factor analysis entries， including 36 symptom information， 12 tongue information， and 5 pulse information. Four types of TCM patterns were identified in HBV-ACLF， which were liver-gallbladder damp-heat pattern， qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern， liver-kidney yin deficiency pattern， and spleen-kidney yang-deficiency pattern. In the early stage， heat （39.4%， 359/912） and dampness （27.5%， 251/912） were most common， and the pattern of the disease was dominated by liver-gallbladder damp-heat pattern （74.6%， 461/618）； in the middle stage， dampness （30.2%， 187/619） and blood stasis （20.7%， 128/619） were most common， and the patterns of the disease were dominated by liver-gallbladder damp-heat pattern （53.2%， 189/355）， and qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern （27.6%， 98/355）； and in the late stage， the pattern of the disease was dominated by qi deficiency （26.3%， 40/152） and yin deficiency （20.4%， 31/152）， and the patterns were dominated by qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern （36.5%， 31/85）， and liver-gallbladder damp-heat pattern （25.9%， 22/85）. ConclusionThere are significant differences in the distribution of syndrome elements and patterns at different stages of HBV-ACLF， presenting an overall trend of evolving patterns as "from excess to deficiency， transforming from excess to deficiency"， which is damp-heat → blood stasis → qi-blood yin-yang deficiency.