The elimination of biofilms is a crucial step in controlling hospital-acquired infections.Once biofilms colonize luminal instruments,it is difficult to remove them using traditional disinfection methods.Conventional disinfection approaches now face a series of challenges,including microbial resistance,corrosiveness,cytotoxicity,residual disinfection byproducts,and environmental pollution.Therefore,developing novel disinfection technologies specifically targeting biofilm removal is vitally important.New disinfection technologies,such as slightly acidic electrolyzed water,plasma technology,surface modification techniques,nanomaterial-based disinfection,bacteriophage disinfection,and enzymatic disinfection,are constantly emerging.These technologies exhibit excellent performance against biofilms by leveraging the synergistic effects of multiple mechanisms,including the reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst,photocatalytic oxidation,physical disruption,and biological targeting.This review summarizes the characteristics,underlying mechanisms,and potential application scenarios of these novel disinfection technologies,with a particular focus on their effects against biofilms formed by common pathogenic bacteria on surfaces in hospital settings.It aims to provide a reference basis for the practical application and translation of these disinfection technologies and the development of new disinfection strategies.

BACKGROUND:Large randomized trials have demonstrated carotid endarterectomy or stenting for symptomatic and asymptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis is effective.
OBJECTIVE:Using the meta analysis method, to evaluate efficacy and safety of carotid stenting and carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid stenosis.
METHODS:Computer-based retrieval of databases both at home and abroad was performed for randomized control ed trials related to carotid stenting and carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid stenosis. According to exclusion criteria, literature screening was done fol owed by quality evaluation. Then, the enrol ed literatures were analyzed by Cochrane col aboration with RevMan5.0 Meta analysis software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were 14 enrol ed studies, including 7 693 patients among whom, 3 835 cases were in stenting group and 3 858 in carotid endarterectomy group. Compared with the carotid endarterectomy group, the stroke event rate within 30 days postoperatively, death and stroke event rate within 30 days postoperatively, myocardial infarction event rate within 1 year postoperatively and non-disabling stroke event rate within 30 days postoperatively were higher in the stenting group (P ≤0.000 1);the myocardial infarction event rate within 30 days postoperatively was lower in the stenting group (P=0.001 0). There were no significant differences in the death event rate and disabled stroke event rate within 30 days postoperatively between the two groups. These two treatments are complementary rather than antagonistic. We should optimize the treatment choice based on the comprehensive analysis of each patient's condition.