Objective:In order to effectively educate students on tooth defect diseases and restoration techniques, the teaching and research team at the School of Stomatology of Qingdao University developed an integrated course operative dentistry. This course is specifically designed to align with the undergraduate curriculum reform requirements of "Three Early, Two Multiple and One Integration".Methods:The teaching practice of operative dentistry was conducted with the stomatology undergraduates of grade 2020 and 2021. The course group redesigned the curriculum by reorganizing teaching content, rebuilding teaching resources, reconstructing teaching mode, and reshaping the evaluation system. Evaluation of the curriculum design included test scores, satisfaction questionnaires, and teacher self-evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 software, including independent sample t-tests for numerical variables and Fisher's exact test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for categorical variables. Results:Through the integrated course learning, 92.68% (38/41) of the students of grade 2020 and 97.44% (38/39) of the students of grade 2021 can basically or completely master various dental defect repair schemes and understand the importance of preserving natural tooth. 82.93% (34/41) of the students of grade 2020 and 100.00% (39/39) of the students of grade 2021 could basically or completely master the key points of various dental defect restorations.Conclusions:Through the practice of teaching, it has been confirmed that the integrated course of operative dentistry is beneficial to students' mastering the knowledge and skills of dental defect diseases and their restoration in a more comprehensive way, and is conducive to the cultivation of clinical thinking, hands-on ability and the patient-centered, comprehensive problem-solving thinking, which is in line with the guidance on the innovation and development of medical education.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective:In order to effectively educate students on tooth defect diseases and restoration techniques, the teaching and research team at the School of Stomatology of Qingdao University developed an integrated course operative dentistry. This course is specifically designed to align with the undergraduate curriculum reform requirements of "Three Early, Two Multiple and One Integration".Methods:The teaching practice of operative dentistry was conducted with the stomatology undergraduates of grade 2020 and 2021. The course group redesigned the curriculum by reorganizing teaching content, rebuilding teaching resources, reconstructing teaching mode, and reshaping the evaluation system. Evaluation of the curriculum design included test scores, satisfaction questionnaires, and teacher self-evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 software, including independent sample t-tests for numerical variables and Fisher's exact test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for categorical variables. Results:Through the integrated course learning, 92.68% (38/41) of the students of grade 2020 and 97.44% (38/39) of the students of grade 2021 can basically or completely master various dental defect repair schemes and understand the importance of preserving natural tooth. 82.93% (34/41) of the students of grade 2020 and 100.00% (39/39) of the students of grade 2021 could basically or completely master the key points of various dental defect restorations.Conclusions:Through the practice of teaching, it has been confirmed that the integrated course of operative dentistry is beneficial to students' mastering the knowledge and skills of dental defect diseases and their restoration in a more comprehensive way, and is conducive to the cultivation of clinical thinking, hands-on ability and the patient-centered, comprehensive problem-solving thinking, which is in line with the guidance on the innovation and development of medical education.

Objective:To investigate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS).Methods:136 subjects who were diagnosed with depressive disorder and 30 healthy controls were selected to complete the Chinese version of DARS, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 17), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, test-retest reliability and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. HADS and HAMD 17 were considered as the gold standard to investigate the criterion validity of the Chinese version of DARS. Results:The Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version of DARS was 0.97, the coefficient of the four domains ranged from 0.89 to 0.96. The intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC) of test-retest reliability was 0.97， ICC of four domains ranged from 0.89 to 0.95 ( P<0.01)．The results of confirmation factor analysis of the Chinese version of DARS were as followed: χ 2/ df=2.02, GFI=0.88, RMSEA=0.08, CFI=0.96, and TLI=0.96. Validity: The total score and four domains of the Chinese version of DARS were significantly correlated with the seventh item of HAMD ( r=-0.38- -0.52, P<0.01) and all five items of HADS score ( r=-0.57- -0.75, P<0.01). There was significant difference between depression group and health control group. Conclusion:The Chinese version of DARS has good psychometric properties with adequate reliability and validity, and could be applied to assess the anhedonia of depression in China.

Objective:To investigate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS).Methods:136 subjects who were diagnosed with depressive disorder and 30 healthy controls were selected to complete the Chinese version of DARS, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 17), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, test-retest reliability and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. HADS and HAMD 17 were considered as the gold standard to investigate the criterion validity of the Chinese version of DARS. Results:The Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version of DARS was 0.97, the coefficient of the four domains ranged from 0.89 to 0.96. The intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC) of test-retest reliability was 0.97， ICC of four domains ranged from 0.89 to 0.95 ( P<0.01)．The results of confirmation factor analysis of the Chinese version of DARS were as followed: χ 2/ df=2.02, GFI=0.88, RMSEA=0.08, CFI=0.96, and TLI=0.96. Validity: The total score and four domains of the Chinese version of DARS were significantly correlated with the seventh item of HAMD ( r=-0.38- -0.52, P<0.01) and all five items of HADS score ( r=-0.57- -0.75, P<0.01). There was significant difference between depression group and health control group. Conclusion:The Chinese version of DARS has good psychometric properties with adequate reliability and validity, and could be applied to assess the anhedonia of depression in China.