Objective To explore the dosimetric influence of tetrahydrocurcumin(THC),a metabolite derived from the Chi-nese herbal compound curcumin,on the antitumor Hormesis effect observed in breast cancer.Methods Human breast cancer MCF-7 and mouse breast cancer 4T1 cell lines were exposed to THC of various concentrations.Cellular responses were evalua-ted through a series of assays,including cell viability assessments,cell cycle phase distribution analysis,measurement of intracel-lular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,wound healing migration assays,and invasion assays.Results In comparison to the untreated control group,low concentrations of THC(4,8 μmol/L)exhibited a stimulatory effect on the proliferative activity of both MCF-7 and 4T1 cells.Conversely,the proliferative capacity of MCF-7 cells was significantly suppressed under higher con-centrations of THC(16,32 μmol/L).The accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase reduced and the number of cells in the S and G2/M phases increased for both cell lines under low doses of THC(2,4,8 μmol/L).However,G0/G1 phase cells were increased in MCF-7 cells under high doses of THC(16 μmol/L and 32 μmol/L),and this effect showed a concentration-dependent manner.Additionally,as the THC dose escalated,ROS levels in both MCF-7 and 4T1 cells increased.Following treatment with a low dose of THC(4 μmol/L),the migratory and invasive capabilities of both cell lines were enhanced.In contrast,the migration and invasion of both cell lines were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after high doses THC treatment(16 μmol/L and 32 μmol/L).Conclusion The effects of THC on breast cancer cells demonstrate a pronounced concentration-dependent pat-tern.Lower concentrations of THC may exhibit pro-growth and pro-metastatic properties,whereas higher concentrations of THC inhibits cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,and induces cell cycle arrest.

Objective To explore the dosimetric influence of tetrahydrocurcumin(THC),a metabolite derived from the Chi-nese herbal compound curcumin,on the antitumor Hormesis effect observed in breast cancer.Methods Human breast cancer MCF-7 and mouse breast cancer 4T1 cell lines were exposed to THC of various concentrations.Cellular responses were evalua-ted through a series of assays,including cell viability assessments,cell cycle phase distribution analysis,measurement of intracel-lular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,wound healing migration assays,and invasion assays.Results In comparison to the untreated control group,low concentrations of THC(4,8 μmol/L)exhibited a stimulatory effect on the proliferative activity of both MCF-7 and 4T1 cells.Conversely,the proliferative capacity of MCF-7 cells was significantly suppressed under higher con-centrations of THC(16,32 μmol/L).The accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase reduced and the number of cells in the S and G2/M phases increased for both cell lines under low doses of THC(2,4,8 μmol/L).However,G0/G1 phase cells were increased in MCF-7 cells under high doses of THC(16 μmol/L and 32 μmol/L),and this effect showed a concentration-dependent manner.Additionally,as the THC dose escalated,ROS levels in both MCF-7 and 4T1 cells increased.Following treatment with a low dose of THC(4 μmol/L),the migratory and invasive capabilities of both cell lines were enhanced.In contrast,the migration and invasion of both cell lines were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after high doses THC treatment(16 μmol/L and 32 μmol/L).Conclusion The effects of THC on breast cancer cells demonstrate a pronounced concentration-dependent pat-tern.Lower concentrations of THC may exhibit pro-growth and pro-metastatic properties,whereas higher concentrations of THC inhibits cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,and induces cell cycle arrest.