Objective:To investigate gut microbiota differences between individuals with and without colorectal adenoma(CRA)and to identify gut microbes associated with CRA.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed the gut microbiota of 100 patients with CRA and 68 individuals without CRA(aged 40-75 years)who underwent colonoscopies between March 2021 and March 2022 at Tianjin Nankai Hospital.Fecal samples were sequenced for the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina NovaSeq platform.Results:Compared to the non-CRA group,the CRA group exhibited reduced relative abundances of identified and unidentified Lachnospiraceae,with increased Faecalibacterium and Streptococcus.In the non-CRA group,the relative abundances of Coprococcus,unidentified Clostridiaceae,and Clostridium were higher.LEfSe analysis revealed significant enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria,Proteobacteria,Enterobacteriales,and Faecalibacterium in the CRA group,while the non-CRA group was enriched for Moraxellaceae,Acinetobacter,and Anaerostipes.Conclusions:These findings suggest a discernible disparity in the gut microbiota structure between CRA patients and individuals without adenoma.The enrichment of potential pathogenic taxa,such as Faecalibacterium and Streptococcus,in the CRA group suggests a possible association with adenoma development.

Objective:To investigate gut microbiota differences between individuals with and without colorectal adenoma(CRA)and to identify gut microbes associated with CRA.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed the gut microbiota of 100 patients with CRA and 68 individuals without CRA(aged 40-75 years)who underwent colonoscopies between March 2021 and March 2022 at Tianjin Nankai Hospital.Fecal samples were sequenced for the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina NovaSeq platform.Results:Compared to the non-CRA group,the CRA group exhibited reduced relative abundances of identified and unidentified Lachnospiraceae,with increased Faecalibacterium and Streptococcus.In the non-CRA group,the relative abundances of Coprococcus,unidentified Clostridiaceae,and Clostridium were higher.LEfSe analysis revealed significant enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria,Proteobacteria,Enterobacteriales,and Faecalibacterium in the CRA group,while the non-CRA group was enriched for Moraxellaceae,Acinetobacter,and Anaerostipes.Conclusions:These findings suggest a discernible disparity in the gut microbiota structure between CRA patients and individuals without adenoma.The enrichment of potential pathogenic taxa,such as Faecalibacterium and Streptococcus,in the CRA group suggests a possible association with adenoma development.

Objective:To demonstrate the three-dimensional structures of the limbic system and its fiber connections through fiber dissection,and to provide reference for relevant professionals to master the anatomy of the limbic system.Methods:Ten cerebral hemispheres were treated and dissected according to Kelinger method,and the limbic system and its fiber connections were displayed.Results:The limbic system was arranged around the thalamus and corpus cal-losum in a double-layer concentric circle structure.The outer layer structures mainly consisted of the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus,while the inner layer structures included the amygdala,hippocampus and fornix.The main association fiber of the outer layer is the cingulum,whose superior trunk is mainly located in the cingulate gyrus,and the inferior trunk is mainly located in the parahippocampal gyrus.The fiber structures of the inner layer includes the striae terminalis and ansa peduncularis emanating from the amygdala and the fornix of the hippocampus.Conclusion:Limbic system is an important connection structure between telencephalon and diencephalon,and its anatomical struc-ture is complex.Fiber dissection method can effectively demonstrate the complex spatial structure of limbic system,which is of great benefit to relevant professionals to understand its three-dimensional structure.

Objective:To demonstrate the three-dimensional structures of the limbic system and its fiber connections through fiber dissection,and to provide reference for relevant professionals to master the anatomy of the limbic system.Methods:Ten cerebral hemispheres were treated and dissected according to Kelinger method,and the limbic system and its fiber connections were displayed.Results:The limbic system was arranged around the thalamus and corpus cal-losum in a double-layer concentric circle structure.The outer layer structures mainly consisted of the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus,while the inner layer structures included the amygdala,hippocampus and fornix.The main association fiber of the outer layer is the cingulum,whose superior trunk is mainly located in the cingulate gyrus,and the inferior trunk is mainly located in the parahippocampal gyrus.The fiber structures of the inner layer includes the striae terminalis and ansa peduncularis emanating from the amygdala and the fornix of the hippocampus.Conclusion:Limbic system is an important connection structure between telencephalon and diencephalon,and its anatomical struc-ture is complex.Fiber dissection method can effectively demonstrate the complex spatial structure of limbic system,which is of great benefit to relevant professionals to understand its three-dimensional structure.

Objective: To investigate the signal transduction mechanisms of time-dependent effects of 50 Hz 1.8 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic fields(SEMFs)on osteoblastic activity. Methods: Newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts(ROBs)were treated with 50 Hz 1.8mT SEMFs for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min, respectively.Intracellular alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity was assayed, and protein expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2), Smad1/5/8 and mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)were examined by Western blot.The Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System was used to measure the activity of the Wnt pathway.Immunofluorescence staining and laser confocal microscopy were applied to examine the nuclear translocation of Smad1/5/8 and β-catenin.Changes in ALP activity were determined after inhibiting p38 MAPK using a specific inhibitor. Results: ALP activity of ROBs increased after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min of SEMFs treatment, compared with the control group(51.41±5.21, 59.47±4.02, 67.56±4.68, 63.69±3.92, and 58.16±3.61 vs.45.53±3.24), and reached the highest value at 90 min and then started to decline.Protein expression of Runx-2, p-Smad1/5/8, p-p38 and β-catenin increased after SEMFs treatment, and reached the highest value at 90 min and then gradually returned to baseline levels.The values for Wnt pathway activity for the control group and with SEMFs treatment at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min were 0.49±0.06, 0.52±0.09, 0.75±0.05, 0.77±0.42, 0.58±0.08 and 0.42±0.09, respectively.Wnt pathway activity, the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and Smad1/5/8 reached the highest level at 90 min.Values of ALP activity in the control group and the SEMFs group were 44.60±3.84 and 71.54±7.34, respectively, before specifically inhibiting p38 MAPK, and were 52.08±0.83 and 52.15±10.77, respectively, after p38 MAPK inhibition, indicating that ALP activity could not be increased with inhibition. Conclusions 50 Hz 1.8 mT SEMFs increase osteoblastic activity by activating the BMP-2/Smad1/5/8, Wnt/β-catenin and p38 MAPK signal pathways.The optimal duration of treatment is 90 min per day.

Objective: To compare the effects of 50 Hz 1.8 mT sinusoidal magnetic field (SEMF) and 50 Hz 0.6 mT pulsed electromagnetic field(PEMF) on the maturation and mineralization of rat calvaria osteoblasts. Methods: Primary cultured rat calvarial osteoblasts were divided into 3 groups:blank control group, SEMF group and PEMF group. The rats in SEMT and PEMT groups were treated with 50 Hz 1.8 mT SEMF or 50 Hz 0.6 mT PEMF for 90 min/d, respectively. Western blotting and Real-time RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of Collagen-1, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), osterix (OSX) and Runt-associated transcription factor 2(Runx-2). The alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity was detected by ALP test kits at d6 and d9 after treatment, and by ALP staining using azo coupling at d10 after treatment. The formation of calcium nodules was observed by alizarin red staining. Results: Compared with blank control group, the protein and mRNA expressions of Collagen-1, BMP-2, OSX and Runx-2 in SEMT and PEMT groups were significantly increased (P <0.01 or P <0.05); while the mRNA expressions of Collagen-1 and BMP-2 in PEMF group were significantly higher than those in SEMF group. After 6 days treatment, the activity of ALP in PEMF group was significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05), while such difference was not observed in SEMF group (P0.05); after 9 days treatment, the activities of ALP in both PEMF and SEMP groups were significantly higher than that in blank control group (all P<0.05), but the difference between PEMF and SEMF groups was not significant (P0.05). After 10 days treatment, ALP staining was increased in both PEMF and SEMF groups compared with that in blank control group (all P<0.01), and the stained area was bigger in PEMF group than that in SEMF group (P<0.05). After 12 days treatment, calcium nodules were increased in PEMF and SEMF groups compared with that in blank control group (all P<0.01), and more calcium nodules were observed in PEMF group than SEMF group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both 50 Hz 1.8 mT that in SEMF and 50 Hz 0.6 mT PEMF can promote the maturation and mineralization of osteoblasts, and the effect of PEMF is more marked.
Animals ; Calcification, Physiologic ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; radiation effects ; Magnetic Fields ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; radiation effects ; Rats ; Skull ; drug effects

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of total saponins of Man medicine Thladiantha dubia root(TSTR)on the ex-pressions of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+ in spleen tissue of rats with type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis (CIA),and explore its mecha-nism in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA). METHODS:8 rats were taken as normal control group(NC group),the others 72 rats were injected mixture of bovine type Ⅱ collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant in tail and back to induce CIA model. The 50 modeled rats were randomly divided into model group(MC group),tripterygium polyglycoside(TG)group(12 mg/kg,posi-tive control),TSTR low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups (20,40,80 mg/kg),10 in each group. Rats in medicine groups were intragastrically administrated for 35 d,once a day;rats in NC group and MC group were intragastrically administrated equal volume of distilled water. Ankle swelling degree of rats was determined,arthritis indexes were calculated,HE staining was used to observe the lesions in synovial tissue,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ in spleen tissue of rats. RESULTS:After 35 d of administration,ankle swelling degree,arthritis indexes,CD4+ expression in spleen tissue,and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in MC group were significantly higher than NC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01),expressions of CD3+, CD8+were significantly lower than NC group(P<0.05);and there was congestion and massive inflammatory cell infiltration in sy-novial tissue. The ankle swelling degree,arthritis indexes,expression of CD4+ in spleen tissue,and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in administra-tion groups were significantly lower than MC group(P<0.05);the expressions of CD3+,CD8+ in spleen tissue in administration groups were significantly higher than MC group (P<0.05);TG group,TSTR medium-dose and high-dose groups showed mild congestion and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in synovial tissue of rats,and TSTR low-dose group showed no ob-vious congestion or inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS:Up-regulating the expressions of CD3+,CD8+ and down-regu-lating the expression of CD4+ may be one of the mechanisms of TSTR in the treatment of RA;and with best efficacy when the TSTR dose of 20 mg/kg.

Objective To explore differently expressed proteins in serum samples obtained from Deficit Schizophrenia as well as Non‐Deficit Schizophrenia patients with proteomic techniques .Methods Make the comparative study of serum proteins between DS and NDS patients with two‐dimensional electrophoresis .The screened proteins were identified by mass spectrometer .Results Dur‐ing 18 differently expressed protein points screened in this study ,15 proteins were identified by mass spectrometer .Among of them , 12 proteins are up‐regulated while 3 proteins are down‐regulated in DS patients group .Conclusion It′s the first time to make the comparative study of serum protein profiles between DS and NDS patients by proteomic analysis .We expect that this study will contribute to better understanding of the pathophysiology of DS and explore the potential disease‐associated biomarker ,improve the future study for clinical medication of schizophrenia .

This study is to investigate the effect of osthol on osteoclasts' activity, bone resorption as well as apoptosis in vitro, and explore the mechanism of osthol in preventing osteoporosis. Osteoclasts were separated from long-limb bones of new born rabbits, cultured in 24-well plate with glass slices and bone slices, and treated by 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) osthol. Osteoclasts were identified by observing live cells with phase contrast microscope, HE staining, TRAP staining and toluidine blue staining of bone resorption pits. The numbers of bone resorption pits were counted as well as the surface area of bone resorption on bone slice. Osteoclasts were stained with acridine orange to detect the cell apoptosis. The ratio of apoptotic osteoclasts was observed under fluorescence microscope. The gene expression of RANKL, OPG, TRAP and p-JNK1/2 protein expression were examined using real time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Comparing with the control group without osthol, the rates of apoptotic osteoclasts increased obviously and the number and area of bone resorption pits decreased evidently with 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) osthol. There is significant difference between control group and experiment group treated by 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) osthol. Therefore, the osthol through RANK+RANKL/TRAF6/Mkk/JNK signal pathway inhibits the osteoclasts activity, enhances osteoclasts apoptotic and inhibits the bone resorption.

ObjectiveTo investigate current status and demand of continous general practice (GP) education in Shanghai.Methods Two hundred and twenty general practitioners from 10 community health service centers of Shanghai underwent a questionnaire survey.Chi-square test was used for data analysis.ResultsThe effective response rate was 96.57％(212/220).About 87 percent of the participants considered continous GP education was helpful.Nearly 55 percent of the participants were satisfied withcurrentcontinousGP education.Unsatisfaction withcontinuing GP education,wishto reparticipate continous GP education,expected method and content of training were partly related to professional title and age.Ninety-seven percent of the participants thought the assessment of continuous GP education should include clinical practical capability evaluation.Conclusion The present continous GP education in Shanghai is not matched with GP's demand.Continous GP education should meet different needs of general practioners in different ways.