Lung transplantation is a definitive treatment for end-stage lung disease and can significantly improve patient prognosis. However, postoperative complications such as infection, rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury and chronic lung allograft dysfunction intertwine to form a complex pathological network, posing persistent challenges to long-term patient survival. In 2025, research teams worldwide have made systematic progress in the field of basic lung transplantation research. By integrating cutting-edge technologies including single-cell multi-omics, spatial transcriptomics and novel animal models, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the evolutionary dynamics of drug-resistant infections, molecular mechanisms of immune regulation, programmed cell death, optimization of donor lung protection strategies and early warning of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. This article systematically reviews the representative advances in basic lung transplantation research worldwide in 2025, and deeply analyzes the implications of mechanistic breakthroughs for optimizing diagnosis and treatment strategies, aiming to anchor the direction for innovative breakthroughs and clinical translation in basic lung transplantation research.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is an important method for treatment of malignant lymphoma. Its treatment process is relatively complex, and the curative effect can be affected by many factors. AHSCT has been widely applied in different subtypes of ML treatment, and looking for effective prognostic factors to further differentiate patients who may benefit from AHSCT and formulating reasonable transplantation are important issues for the clinical doctors to deal with. This article briefly reviews the clinical progress of AHSCT for ML treatment.