[Objective]To explore and analyze the development of acupuncture and moxibustion based on the evolution of acupuncture needle materials.[Methods]By reviewing ancient literature,combining archaeological facts,and referring to the exploration process of modern and contemporary new needles,the evolution of needle materials and their clinical application history were systematically reviewed according to material classification.[Results]With the development of metal smelting technology and the gradual deepening of people's understanding of diseases,needles have evolved from needle stones and early non-metallic needles to metal needles such as bronze needles,gold and silver needles,iron needles,and steel needles,and then to modern stainless steel needles and various new types of needles such as electric needles,laser needles,magnetic needles,ultrasonic needles,nano needles,etc.Needles have undergone changes in shape,material and usage.The continuous improvement of acupuncture equipment has expanded the therapeutic scope of acupuncture and moxibustion and is more suitable for clinical.Under the background of modern medicine,the combination of medicine and industry has promoted the scientization,standardization and internationalization of acupuncture and moxibustion.[Conclusion]The development of needle materials has centered on improving clinical efficacy,enriching the variety of acupuncture techniques and expanding the scope of acupuncture applications;grounded in progressively sophisticated metallurgical technologies and increasingly refined theoretical system of acupuncture,which drives the advancement of the acupuncture discipline.

Objective The anti-inflammatory activity of medicinal plants in the six species of Selaginella genus were compared,and their effective parts and components were analyzed.Methods The total flavonoid content of various extraction parts and the main components of ethyl acetate part of Selaginella were determined by ultraviolet and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),respectively.In vitro inflammatory cell models were constructed using Concanavalin A(ConA)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced rat splenic lymphocytes and mouse macrophages,and cell viability was measured by CCK-8 methods.The nitric oxide(NO)level was determined by the Griess method,and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by ELISA.The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and TNF-α,among other inflammatory factors,were detected by RT-PCR.Results The flavonoid content of the ethyl acetate part of Selaginella was relatively high,and biflavonoids such as amentoflavone was the main components.All the extraction parts of the six species of Selaginella showed no significant cytotoxicity.The ethyl acetate part,roberstonin-4'-methylether,and amentoflavone could significantly reduce the release of NO in RAW264.7 cells or lymphocytes,and the ethyl acetate part of Selaginella labordei were the most effective in both models.Selaginella labordei had a rich variety of biflavonoid components,with roberstonin-type biflavonoids relatively higher than other species.The mechanism of action was related to the inhibition of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α levels,the downregulation of mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,iNOS,and others.Conclusion All six species of Selaginella have certain in vitro anti-inflammatory effects and Selaginella labordei showed stronger activity,with biflavonoids as their main active components.

Objective The anti-inflammatory activity of medicinal plants in the six species of Selaginella genus were compared,and their effective parts and components were analyzed.Methods The total flavonoid content of various extraction parts and the main components of ethyl acetate part of Selaginella were determined by ultraviolet and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),respectively.In vitro inflammatory cell models were constructed using Concanavalin A(ConA)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced rat splenic lymphocytes and mouse macrophages,and cell viability was measured by CCK-8 methods.The nitric oxide(NO)level was determined by the Griess method,and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by ELISA.The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and TNF-α,among other inflammatory factors,were detected by RT-PCR.Results The flavonoid content of the ethyl acetate part of Selaginella was relatively high,and biflavonoids such as amentoflavone was the main components.All the extraction parts of the six species of Selaginella showed no significant cytotoxicity.The ethyl acetate part,roberstonin-4'-methylether,and amentoflavone could significantly reduce the release of NO in RAW264.7 cells or lymphocytes,and the ethyl acetate part of Selaginella labordei were the most effective in both models.Selaginella labordei had a rich variety of biflavonoid components,with roberstonin-type biflavonoids relatively higher than other species.The mechanism of action was related to the inhibition of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α levels,the downregulation of mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,iNOS,and others.Conclusion All six species of Selaginella have certain in vitro anti-inflammatory effects and Selaginella labordei showed stronger activity,with biflavonoids as their main active components.

[Objective]To explore and analyze the development of acupuncture and moxibustion based on the evolution of acupuncture needle materials.[Methods]By reviewing ancient literature,combining archaeological facts,and referring to the exploration process of modern and contemporary new needles,the evolution of needle materials and their clinical application history were systematically reviewed according to material classification.[Results]With the development of metal smelting technology and the gradual deepening of people's understanding of diseases,needles have evolved from needle stones and early non-metallic needles to metal needles such as bronze needles,gold and silver needles,iron needles,and steel needles,and then to modern stainless steel needles and various new types of needles such as electric needles,laser needles,magnetic needles,ultrasonic needles,nano needles,etc.Needles have undergone changes in shape,material and usage.The continuous improvement of acupuncture equipment has expanded the therapeutic scope of acupuncture and moxibustion and is more suitable for clinical.Under the background of modern medicine,the combination of medicine and industry has promoted the scientization,standardization and internationalization of acupuncture and moxibustion.[Conclusion]The development of needle materials has centered on improving clinical efficacy,enriching the variety of acupuncture techniques and expanding the scope of acupuncture applications;grounded in progressively sophisticated metallurgical technologies and increasingly refined theoretical system of acupuncture,which drives the advancement of the acupuncture discipline.

To explore the value of portable oto-endoscopy system in clinical teaching of otolaryngology residents.

To explore the value of portable oto-endoscopy system in clinical teaching of otolaryngology residents.

Objective The monosaccharide composition of Abelmoschus Manihot Radix polysaccharide was identified and then we evaluated the therapeutic effect on slow transit constipation.Finally,the pharmacodynamic substances and molecular mechanisms in the polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix to improve slow transit constipation were explored by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.Methods The polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix has been prepared by aqueous-alcoholic precipitation and has been determined by HPAEC method;The mice model of slow transit constipation was made by sc loperamide(10 mg?kg-1)and the therapeutic effect for the treatment of constipation was evaluated by two indicators:fecal water content and small intestinal propulsion rate;Pathological changes in the colon tissue of STC mice were observed by HE.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and claudin-1 expression in colon tissue of STC mice;qRT-PCR method was used to detect mRNA expressions of AQP3,AQP4,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in each group;Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to explore the potential targets and pathways of the polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix in treating slow transit constipation.Results The Polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix significantly increased fecal water content and intestinal propulsion rate in mice caused by slow transit constipation,decreased the expressions of AQP3,AQP4,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA(P<0.01,P<0.001),protected the integrity of the colonic barrier in STC mice,and increased the protein expressions of ZO-1 and claudin-1 in colon tissues of STC mice.By network pharmacology,it was found that monosaccharides such as rhamnose,fucose and glucuronic acid could mainly act on key targets such as STAT3,JUN,CASP3,HSP90AA1,VEGFA and IL-1β and regulate the Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels,EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications to improve the symptoms of constipation in mice.Western blot results showed that intervention with polysaccharides from the roots of Solanum palmatum significantly reduced the expression of CASP3,VEGFA and IL-1β protein in the colon tissue of constipated mice.Conclusion The polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix can treat slow transit constipation through multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway therapy.It provides a scientific basis for the further clinical application of Abelmoschus Manihot and drug development(National patent ZL202310894613.3.has been authorized)and it is expected to promote the efficient utilisation of resources from the non-medicinal parts of Abelmoschus Manihot.

Objective The monosaccharide composition of Abelmoschus Manihot Radix polysaccharide was identified and then we evaluated the therapeutic effect on slow transit constipation.Finally,the pharmacodynamic substances and molecular mechanisms in the polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix to improve slow transit constipation were explored by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.Methods The polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix has been prepared by aqueous-alcoholic precipitation and has been determined by HPAEC method;The mice model of slow transit constipation was made by sc loperamide(10 mg?kg-1)and the therapeutic effect for the treatment of constipation was evaluated by two indicators:fecal water content and small intestinal propulsion rate;Pathological changes in the colon tissue of STC mice were observed by HE.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and claudin-1 expression in colon tissue of STC mice;qRT-PCR method was used to detect mRNA expressions of AQP3,AQP4,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in each group;Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to explore the potential targets and pathways of the polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix in treating slow transit constipation.Results The Polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix significantly increased fecal water content and intestinal propulsion rate in mice caused by slow transit constipation,decreased the expressions of AQP3,AQP4,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA(P<0.01,P<0.001),protected the integrity of the colonic barrier in STC mice,and increased the protein expressions of ZO-1 and claudin-1 in colon tissues of STC mice.By network pharmacology,it was found that monosaccharides such as rhamnose,fucose and glucuronic acid could mainly act on key targets such as STAT3,JUN,CASP3,HSP90AA1,VEGFA and IL-1β and regulate the Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels,EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications to improve the symptoms of constipation in mice.Western blot results showed that intervention with polysaccharides from the roots of Solanum palmatum significantly reduced the expression of CASP3,VEGFA and IL-1β protein in the colon tissue of constipated mice.Conclusion The polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix can treat slow transit constipation through multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway therapy.It provides a scientific basis for the further clinical application of Abelmoschus Manihot and drug development(National patent ZL202310894613.3.has been authorized)and it is expected to promote the efficient utilisation of resources from the non-medicinal parts of Abelmoschus Manihot.

Objective: To understand the current situation and associated factors of myopia in junior middle school students, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of myopia in junior middle school students. Methods: A total of 5 393 junior middle school students were selected from middle schools in Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi provinces. The visual acuity of middle school students was examined, and the data of general population, economy, sociology and natural environment were obtained through statistical yearbook of each province. The influencing factors of myopia of middle school students were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. Results: The results of single factor analysis showed that the myopia rate of junior high school students was different by gender, grades, parents average wage, sunshine duration, temperature, altitude, longitude and latitude(χ2=47.76，59.05，10.79，106.19，53.56，85.02，76.23，107.07，P<0.05). The results of multi factor analysis showed that gender, grade, average wage, temperature and latitude was positively associated with myopia vision; sunshine duration and longitude were negatively associated with the risk for myopia(OR=1.54，1.34，1.62，7.58，27.10，0.42，0.39，P<0.05). Conclusion The myopia of junior high school students is affected by a variety of factors, economic and social factors and natural environmental factors have an impact on the screening of sexual myopia in junior high school students. Economic and social factors and natural environmental factors should be taken into account in the formulation of myopia prevention and control measures.

Objective: To analyze the occurrence features of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines (InfV) used in China, 2015-2018 influenza season. Methods: InfV (including concurrent administered with other vaccines) AEFI data were collected through the Chinese national AEFI information system during 2015.9.1-2018.8.31 (excluding Chinese Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan data). The vaccine lot release data were collected from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control published database. Time periods of three influenza season were 2015.9.1-2016.8.31, 2016.9.1-2017.8.31, 2017.9.1-2018.8.31. The vaccines used and included in this analysis were trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3)-Split, IIV3-Split (Children) and IIV-subnit. The incidence of AEFI were calculated (per 100 000 release doses), and epidemiological characteristic were analyzed using descriptive methodology. Results: A total of 8 464 InfV AEFIs were collected in 2015-2018 influenza season from National AEFI Information System, in which 5 646 were IIV3-split, with the rate of 10.64/100 000 release doses, 2 818 were IIV3-split (Children), with the rate of 9.355/100 000 release doses. The most common symptom was fever (axillary temperature ≥37.1 ℃) within vaccine reactions, with a number of 6 207 cases. In which, there were 3 554 cases with fever (axillary temperature ≥38.6 ℃) and the estimated reporting rate was 4.274/100 000 release doses. In all rare vaccine reactions, the most common diagnosis was anaphylactic rash(442, 0.531/100 000 release doses) and angioedema (70, 0.084/100 000 release doses). Even the rates of serious rare vaccine reactions were low, febrile Convulsion (27, 0.032/100 000 release doses) and Henoch-Schönlein Purpura(HSP) (21, 0.025/100 000 release doses) were relatively common in serious rare vaccine reactions during the study period. Conclusion The estimated rate of rare vaccine reactions related toInfV was relatively low. In all vaccine reactions, fever was the most common symptoms. The most common diagnosis of non-serious rare vaccine reaction were anaphylactic rash and angioedema. The incidence of serious rare vaccine reactions was low.