Objective: To understand the trends of classroom lighting and illumination of primary and secondary schools in Beijing from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted improvement measures. Methods: A sampling survey was conducted on the lighting and illumination indicators of 8 390 classrooms in primary and secondary schools in Beijing from 2016 to 2023. The survey included classroom daylight factor, window to floor area ratio, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on the desks, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on blackboards, as well as classroom lighting and blackboard illumination sources. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test and the Chi square test, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the trend of classroom lighting and illumination changes. Results: Except the window to floor area ratio, the measured values and compliance rates of all lighting and illumination indicators showed an overall upward trend from 2016 to 2023 (daylight factor r = 0.27, χ 2 trend =206.80, average illuminance on the desk surface r =0.30, χ 2 trend =87.97, illuminance uniformity on the desk surface r =0.14, χ 2 trend =73.59, average illuminance on the blackboard r =0.33, χ 2 trend =477.43, illuminance uniformity on the blackboard r = 0.09, χ 2 trend =50.76) (all P ＜0.01). The lighting and illumination indicators of classrooms (included classroom daylight factor, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on the desks, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on blackboards) in urban schools, primary schools, and secondary schools from 2016 to 2023 showed an upward trend (urban r =0.23-0.40, χ 2 trend =88.66-392.18; primary school r =0.12-0.36, χ 2 trend =39.50-281.44; secondary schools r =0.06-0.31, χ 2 trend =11.79-213.73) (all P ＜ 0.01 ). The illuminance uniformity on the blackboard in suburban schools showed a downward trend ( r = -0.09, χ 2 trend =31.53, both P ＜0.01). The illuminance uniformity on the desk surface in suburban schools showed no significant change ( r =0.03, χ 2 trend =1.23, both P ＞0.05). The other indicators showed an upward trend (daylight factor r =0.28, χ 2 trend =40.69, average illuminance on the desk surface r =0.24, χ 2 trend =16.35, average illuminance on the blackboard r =0.25, χ 2 trend =118.05, all P ＜0.01). The trends of classroom and blackboard illumination sources were that fluorescent lamps decreased year by year and LED lamps increased by year (classroom illumination sources χ 2 trend =1 059.82, blackboard illumination sources χ 2 trend =1 070.25, both P ＜0.01). Conclusions The classroom lighting and illumination in primary and secondary schools in Beijing has shown an overall improving trend from 2016 to 2023. However, problems remain, such as limited improvement of illuminance uniformity indicators, late start and poor effect of reconstruction in suburban schools. Further improvements are still needed.

OBJECTIVES: Whether vortioxetine has a utility as an adjuvant drug in the treatment of bipolar depression remains controversial. This study aimed to validate the efficacy and safety of vortioxetine in bipolar depression. METHODS: Patients with bipolar Ⅱ depression were enrolled in this prospective, two-center, randomized, 12-week pilot trial. The main indicator for assessing treatment effectiveness was a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) of ≥50%. All eligible patients initially received four weeks of lurasidone monotherapy. Patients who responded well continued to receive this kind of monotherapy. However, no-response patients were randomly assigned to either valproate or vortioxetine treatment for eight weeks. By comprehensively comparing the results of MADRS over a period of 4‍‒‍12 weeks, a systematic analysis was conducted to determine whether vortioxetine could be used as an adjuvant drug for treating bipolar depression. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients responded to lurasidone monotherapy, and 60 patients were randomly assigned to the valproate or vortioxetine group for eight weeks. After two weeks of combined valproate or vortioxetine treatment, the MADRS score in the vortioxetine group was significantly lower than that in the valproate group. There was no difference in the MADRS scores between the two groups at 8 and 12 weeks. The incidence of side effects did not significantly differ between the valproate and vortioxetine groups. Importantly, three patients in the vortioxetine group appeared to switch to mania or hypomania. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that lurasidone combination with vortioxetine might have potential benefits to bipolar II depression in the early stage, while disease progression should be monitored closely for the risk of switching to mania.
Humans ; Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy* ; Vortioxetine/therapeutic use* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Valproic Acid/administration & dosage* ; Lurasidone Hydrochloride/administration & dosage* ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Pilot Projects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Sulfides/therapeutic use* ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use*

The liver performs multiple life-sustaining functions. Hepatic diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma, pose significant health and economic burdens globally. Along with the advances in nanotechnology, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibiting diversiform size and shape, distinct morphological properties, and favorable physico-chemical features have become an ideal choice for drug delivery systems and inspire alternative thinking for the management of hepatic diseases. Initially, we introduce the physiological structure of the liver and highlight its intrinsic cell types and correlative functions. Next, we detail the synthesis methods and physicochemical properties of MSNs and their capacity for controlled drug loading and release. Particularly, we discuss the interactions between liver and MSNs with respect to the passive targeting mechanisms of MSNs within the liver by adjusting their particle size, pore diameter, surface charge, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, and surface functionalization. Subsequently, we emphasize the role of MSNs in regulating liver pathophysiology, exploring their value in addressing liver pathological states, such as tumors and inflammation, combined with multi-functional designs and intelligent modes to enhance drug targeting and minimize side effects. Lastly, we put forward the problems, challenges, opportunities, as well as clinical translational issues faced by MSNs in the management of liver diseases.

The classic formula Fangji Fulingtang is from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Eastern Han dynasty. It is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with the effects of reinforcing Qi and invigorating spleen， warming Yang and promoting urination. By a review of ancient medical books， this paper summarizes the composition， original plants， processing， dosage， decocting methods， indications and other key information of Fangji Fulingtang， aiming to provide a literature basis for the research， development， and clinical application of preparations based on this formula. Synonyms of Fangji Fulingtang exist in ancient medical books， while the formula composition in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is more widespread and far-reaching. In this formula， Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried root of Stephania tetrandra， the dried root of Astragalus embranaceus var. mongholicus， the dried shoot of Cinnamomum cassia， the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos， and the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， respectively. Fangji Fulingtang is mainly produced into powder， with the dosage and decocting method used in the past dynasties basically following the original formula. Each bag is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix 13.80 g， Astragali Radix 13.80 g， Cinnamomi Ramulus 13.80 g， Poria 27.60 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9.20 g. The raw materials are purified， decocted in water from 1 200 mL to 400 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm， 3 times a day. Fangji Fulingtang was originally designed for treating skin edema， and then it was used to treat impediment in the Qing dynasty. In modern times， it is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases and circulatory system diseases， demonstrating definite effects on various types of edema and heart failure. This paper clarifies the inheritance of Fangji Fulingtang and reveals its key information （attached to the end of this paper）， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of preparations based on this formula.

The classic formula Fangji Fulingtang is from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Eastern Han dynasty. It is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with the effects of reinforcing Qi and invigorating spleen， warming Yang and promoting urination. By a review of ancient medical books， this paper summarizes the composition， original plants， processing， dosage， decocting methods， indications and other key information of Fangji Fulingtang， aiming to provide a literature basis for the research， development， and clinical application of preparations based on this formula. Synonyms of Fangji Fulingtang exist in ancient medical books， while the formula composition in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is more widespread and far-reaching. In this formula， Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried root of Stephania tetrandra， the dried root of Astragalus embranaceus var. mongholicus， the dried shoot of Cinnamomum cassia， the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos， and the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， respectively. Fangji Fulingtang is mainly produced into powder， with the dosage and decocting method used in the past dynasties basically following the original formula. Each bag is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix 13.80 g， Astragali Radix 13.80 g， Cinnamomi Ramulus 13.80 g， Poria 27.60 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9.20 g. The raw materials are purified， decocted in water from 1 200 mL to 400 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm， 3 times a day. Fangji Fulingtang was originally designed for treating skin edema， and then it was used to treat impediment in the Qing dynasty. In modern times， it is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases and circulatory system diseases， demonstrating definite effects on various types of edema and heart failure. This paper clarifies the inheritance of Fangji Fulingtang and reveals its key information （attached to the end of this paper）， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of preparations based on this formula.

Objective·To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of rituximab(RTX)monotherapy and RTX combined with glucocorticoids in the treatment of high-risk primary membranous nephropathy(PMN).Methods·A retrospective cohort study was conducted to include 87 high-risk PMN patients who received RTX treatment in Xin Hua Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,between December 2018 and February 2024.Patients were divided into RTX monotherapy group and RTX combined with glucocorticoid group(combination therapy group)according to their treatment regimens.After adjusting for confounding factors using propensity score matching(PSM),intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses were performed to evaluate the primary efficacy outcomes.Results·A total of 58 patients were included after PSM,with 29 in each group.At 12 months after treatment,ITT analysis showed that the overall remission and complete remission(CR)of RTX monotherapy were 72.41%and 20.69%respectively,compared to 79.31%and 55.17%in the combination therapy group.The difference in CR rates between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.007).The differences in serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)were not statistically significant.However,the 24-hour urinary protein levels in the combination therapy group were significantly lower than those in the RTX monotherapy group(P=0.024).PP analysis showed that the CR rate of the combination therapy group was also significantly higher than that of the RTX monotherapy group(P=0.026).During follow-up,serum creatinine levels and eGFR remained stable in both groups.The incidence of adverse events was comparable between the two groups,with no statistically significant differences.Conclusion·Compared with RTX monotherapy,RTX combined with glucocorticoids significantly improves the CR rate in high-risk PMN patients without increasing the incidence of adverse events.This combination regimen appears to be an effective treatment strategy,though its long-term efficacy and safety warrant further confirmation through large-scale prospective studies.

Objective:To fine-tune the mT5 (massively multilingual pre-trained text-to-text transformer) large language model, automatically generate report conclusions for teaching purposes from chest CT image descriptions, and assess the quality of automatically generated conclusions.Methods:The training set included 3 000 high-quality physical examination chest CT reports from one hospital, and the external validation set consisted of 600 physical examination chest CT reports from two other hospitals. Experienced radiology teaching physicians assessed the consistency between the generated conclusions and the original physician-written conclusions in the external validation set using a 5-point Likert scale across five linguistic indicators (correctness of examination information, correctness of lesion detection, standardization of terminology, applicability of the conclusions, and simplicity of conclusions). Using the original report conclusions as the reference, the accuracy of the conclusions generated based on the external validation set in describing four major thoracic conditions (pulmonary nodules, pneumonia, emphysema, pleural effusion) was evaluated. Perform chi square test using SPSS 25.0.Results:In the external validation set, the mean consistency score between the generated conclusions and the original conclusions given by the radiology teaching physicians was >4 points, indicating agreement with the original conclusions. In the generated conclusions, the description of the four major thoracic conditions demonstrated 0.95-1.00 (95% CI=0.91-1.00) accuracy, 0.76-1.00 (95% CI=0.59-1.00) sensitivity, and 0.97-1.00 (95% CI=0.91-1.00) specificity. Conclusions:The chest CT report conclusion generation system based on the mT5 large language model demonstrated high accuracy and is expected to provide immediate and efficient automated guidance for standardized residency training.

Objective·To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of rituximab(RTX)monotherapy and RTX combined with glucocorticoids in the treatment of high-risk primary membranous nephropathy(PMN).Methods·A retrospective cohort study was conducted to include 87 high-risk PMN patients who received RTX treatment in Xin Hua Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,between December 2018 and February 2024.Patients were divided into RTX monotherapy group and RTX combined with glucocorticoid group(combination therapy group)according to their treatment regimens.After adjusting for confounding factors using propensity score matching(PSM),intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses were performed to evaluate the primary efficacy outcomes.Results·A total of 58 patients were included after PSM,with 29 in each group.At 12 months after treatment,ITT analysis showed that the overall remission and complete remission(CR)of RTX monotherapy were 72.41%and 20.69%respectively,compared to 79.31%and 55.17%in the combination therapy group.The difference in CR rates between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.007).The differences in serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)were not statistically significant.However,the 24-hour urinary protein levels in the combination therapy group were significantly lower than those in the RTX monotherapy group(P=0.024).PP analysis showed that the CR rate of the combination therapy group was also significantly higher than that of the RTX monotherapy group(P=0.026).During follow-up,serum creatinine levels and eGFR remained stable in both groups.The incidence of adverse events was comparable between the two groups,with no statistically significant differences.Conclusion·Compared with RTX monotherapy,RTX combined with glucocorticoids significantly improves the CR rate in high-risk PMN patients without increasing the incidence of adverse events.This combination regimen appears to be an effective treatment strategy,though its long-term efficacy and safety warrant further confirmation through large-scale prospective studies.

Objective:To fine-tune the mT5 (massively multilingual pre-trained text-to-text transformer) large language model, automatically generate report conclusions for teaching purposes from chest CT image descriptions, and assess the quality of automatically generated conclusions.Methods:The training set included 3 000 high-quality physical examination chest CT reports from one hospital, and the external validation set consisted of 600 physical examination chest CT reports from two other hospitals. Experienced radiology teaching physicians assessed the consistency between the generated conclusions and the original physician-written conclusions in the external validation set using a 5-point Likert scale across five linguistic indicators (correctness of examination information, correctness of lesion detection, standardization of terminology, applicability of the conclusions, and simplicity of conclusions). Using the original report conclusions as the reference, the accuracy of the conclusions generated based on the external validation set in describing four major thoracic conditions (pulmonary nodules, pneumonia, emphysema, pleural effusion) was evaluated. Perform chi square test using SPSS 25.0.Results:In the external validation set, the mean consistency score between the generated conclusions and the original conclusions given by the radiology teaching physicians was >4 points, indicating agreement with the original conclusions. In the generated conclusions, the description of the four major thoracic conditions demonstrated 0.95-1.00 (95% CI=0.91-1.00) accuracy, 0.76-1.00 (95% CI=0.59-1.00) sensitivity, and 0.97-1.00 (95% CI=0.91-1.00) specificity. Conclusions:The chest CT report conclusion generation system based on the mT5 large language model demonstrated high accuracy and is expected to provide immediate and efficient automated guidance for standardized residency training.

The construction of regional medical centers is an important carrier for the country to further promote the reform of the new medical service system during the"14th Five-Year Plan"period.In view of the problems existing in the current construction of national regional medical centers,such as imperfect coordination mechanism,insufficient coordination power and lack of assessment and evaluation system,drawing on collaboration theory and case study method,the construction path of national regional medical centers was analyzed from three dimensions:management system collaboration,operation mechanism collaboration and evaluation mechanism collaboration;It explore and constructs the new management model of"13331"high quality development in National Regional Medical Centers;The results provide experience and case reference for promoting the high-quality development of national regional medical centers under the new situation in terms of party building leadership,medical technology,scientific and technological innovation,medical-education collaboration and brand influence.