Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

AIM:To investigate the optimal time of blood collection and the best concentration of Ganlong capsule(GLC)-containing serum for steatohepatitis.METHODS:Sixty C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with GLC at a dose of 90 mg/kg body weight,twice a day for 7 days.Control mice were administered the same volume of 0.9%saline.After 0.5,1,2 and 4 h from the last gavage,blood was collected to prepare GLC-containing serum.The LC-MS/MS was used to detect the inosine content of blank and drug-containing serum at different blood collection times to determine the optimal time.Subsequently,NCTC1469 cells stimulated with palmitic acid(PA)were treated with different concentrations of the GLC-containing serum.Nile Red staining was used to detect lipid droplet formation,and RT-qPCR was employed to as-sess the expression of intracellular fatty acid synthesis(Fabp1,Scd1)and fatty acid β-oxidation gene(Pparα).RE-SULTS:(1)LC-MS/MS detection revealed that the inosine concentration peaked 2 h after the last administration.(2)Nile red staining demonstrated that the GLC-containing serum exerted a dose-dependent decreasing trend of lipid droplets in hepatocytes induced by PA.(3)GLC-containing serum significantly downregulated the mRNA expression levels of lipo-genesis-genes(Fabp1 and Scd1)with a dose-dependent decreasing trend in the PA-induced NCTC1469 cells.The mRNA expression of genes associated with fatty acid β-oxidation(Pparα)were upregulated with a dose-dependent increasing trend.CONCLUSION:The 10%GLC-containing serum collected 2 hours after the last administration in mice has the best therapeutic effect for steatohepatitis.

The DNA characterization of Cannabis sativa L.has been one of the key directions of anti-drug research at home and abroad.Previous research mainly focused on the identification of cannabis-species and gender differentiation,and have constructed a number of corresponding composite amplification systems.With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology,the whole genome of C.sativa and the sequences of key enzyme genes for its major physicochemical components have been sequenced successively,and intra-species differentiation studies of C.sativa based on specific molecular markers have gradually emerged.However,due to the high variability of cannabis subspecies-and variety-specific molecular markers,relevant foreign studies failed to provide ideal molecular marker support for the identification of intra-specific distinctions of Cannabis sativa in China.Based on this,this paper comprehensively analyzes the current situation and shortcomings of domestic and international research on intra-specific differentiation of C.sativa,and combines the previous research results of this group to elaborate on how to use high-throughput sequencing technology to solve the problem of the lack of intra-specific molecular markers of C.sativa in China.

ObjectiveBased on non-targeted metabolomics， to analyze the regulation of endogenous differential metabolites in serum of type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） rats by Fuling Yunhua granules， and to clarify the metabolic pathways through which this granules exerted its effect on improving T2DM. MethodSeventy SD rats， half male and half female， were randomly divided into the control group， model group， and high， medium， low dose groups of Fuling Yunhua granules（20.70， 10.35， 5.18 g·kg^-1 in raw drug amount） and the positive drug group（pioglitazone hydrochloride tablets， 8.1 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the control group， other groups were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（STZ） to establish a T2DM rat model. After successful modeling， the treatment groups were administered the corresponding drugs by gavage， and the control group and model group were treated with an equal volume of saline by gavage， once/d， for 28 d. Fasting blood glucose（FBG） and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c（GHbA1c） levels were measured in all groups of rats during the administration period， and hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathomorphological changes in the pancreatic tissues of rats at the end of the administration period. The endogenous metabolite levels in rat serum were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS）， and the data were processed using principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）. Differential metabolites were identified by the Human Metabolome Database（HMDB） and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， and screened for differential metabolites with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1， P<0.05， and fold change（FC）<0.6 or FC>1. And the metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of the screened differential metabolites was performed by MetaboAnalyst 5.0， then the screened differential metabolites were diagnosed and evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curves. ResultCompared with the control group， the FBG level of rats in the model group increased significantly（P<0.01）， the GHbA1c content tended to increase， but the difference was not statistically significant， and the pancreatic tissue of rats was obviously damaged， the number of pancreatic islets decreased， and the pancreatic β-cells were obviously reduced， atrophied and enlarged. Compared with the model group， the FBG levels of rats in the high dose group of Fuling Yunhua granules and the positive drug group were significantly reduced after 2 weeks of administration（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the GHbA1c content of rats in the high dose group of Fuling Yunhua granules was significantly reduced（P<0.05）， and the pancreatic tissue lesions of rats in the different dose groups of Fuling Yunhua granules were reduced. The results of non-targeted metabolomics showed that 46 differential metabolites were significantly changed in the model group compared with the blank group. Pathway enrichment analysis found that T2DM mainly affected biological processes including biosynthesis of primary bile acid， D-amino acid metabolism， steroid hormone biosynthesis， and glycerophospholipid metabolism in rats. Compared with the model group， the levels of 8 differential metabolites in the high dose group of Fuling Yunhua granules were significantly adjusted， and the pathway enrichment analysis found that D-amino acid metabolism， retinol metabolism， glycine， serine and threonine metabolism， tryptophan metabolism and other metabolic pathways were mainly involved. ROC curves further analysis revealed that the four characteristic differential markers of 11-cis-retinol， D-piperidinic acid， D-serine， and p-cresol sulfate had high diagnostic value for the treatment of T2DM with Fuling Yunhua granules. ConclusionFuling Yunhua granules can improve the symptoms of T2DM rats by regulating the amino acid metabolic and retinol metabolic pathways through the modulation of endogenous differential metabolites.

Objective Exploring the predictive value of amplitude integrated electroencephalography(aEEG)and brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP)in cognitive and affective disorders related to cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods Retrospectively,100 patients with CSVD who visited the Department of Neurology at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2021 to February 2024 were included in the CSVD group.From January 2021 to February 2024,100 healthy people who underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and matched with the CSVD group for age and sex were prospectively included as the control group.Basic and clinical data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group,including age,sex,years of education,hypertension,diabetes,smoking,drinking,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),galactin-3(Gal-3),cystatin C,homocysteine(Hcy),blood Tau protein,and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP).Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale,with a MMSE score＜24 and a MoCA score＜25 indicating cognitive impairment.affective disorders were assessed using the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)and the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),with a HAMA score ≥ 14 or a HAMD score ≥20 indicating the presence of affective disorders.The scores of the above four scales were compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG and BAEP data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG results were evaluated based on a composite score of background activity stability,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude,and narrowband width,with a score of 0-3 indicating aEEG abnormalities.In the BAEP waveform,the Ⅰ,Ⅲ,and Ⅴ waves and the inter-wave intervals of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ were observed and recorded,along with their peak latencies and inter-peak latencies.If the latency of each wave is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations and/or the interwave period is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations,it was considered a BAEP abnormality.CSVD patients were divided into cognitive impairment and non-cognitive impairment based on MMSE scale score and MoCA scale score,and all CSVD patients were divided into affective disorder and non-affective disorder based on HAMA score and HAMD score.The independent variables with statistically significant differences and no collinearity in the univariate analysis of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the statistically significant factors were used to form the multivariate model.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model for CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.Results(1)The proportion of hypertension patients,the levels of CRP,Gal-3,cystatin C,Hcy,Tau protein,GFAP,HAMA and HAMD scores in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05),and the MMSE and MoCA scale were lower than those in the control group(both P＜0.05).The scores of continuity,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude and narrow band width of aEEG in the CSVD group were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The peak latency and interpeak latency of BAEP in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).(2)There were 52 patients with cognitive impairment and 48 patients with non-cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.There were 36 patients with affective disorder and 64 patients with non-affective disorder.There were 17patients with both cognitive and affective disorders.The age,Tau protein,GFAP,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP in patients with cognitive impairment were higher than those in patients without cognitive impairment(all P＜0.05).The age of patients with affective disorder,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP were higher than those of patients without affective disorder(all P＜0.05).(3)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 4.364 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,4.364,95％CI 1.554-12.252,P=0.005).The risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 3.218 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,3.218,95％CI 1.218-8.503,P=0.018).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD cognitive impairment.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.732,the sensitivity was 76.38％,and the specificity was 82.59％.(4)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 3.203 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,3.203,95％CI 1.288-7.966,P=0.012).The risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 2.553 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,2.553,95％CI 1.011-6.446,P=0.047).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD affective disorders.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.700,the sensitivity was 74.21％,and the specificity was 83.49％.Conclusions The abnormality of aEEG and BAEP are important factors in constructing the prediction model of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients.The multi-factor model constructed by aEEG and BAEP has certain value in predicting CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.

Objective Exploring the predictive value of amplitude integrated electroencephalography(aEEG)and brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP)in cognitive and affective disorders related to cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods Retrospectively,100 patients with CSVD who visited the Department of Neurology at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2021 to February 2024 were included in the CSVD group.From January 2021 to February 2024,100 healthy people who underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and matched with the CSVD group for age and sex were prospectively included as the control group.Basic and clinical data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group,including age,sex,years of education,hypertension,diabetes,smoking,drinking,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),galactin-3(Gal-3),cystatin C,homocysteine(Hcy),blood Tau protein,and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP).Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale,with a MMSE score＜24 and a MoCA score＜25 indicating cognitive impairment.affective disorders were assessed using the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)and the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),with a HAMA score ≥ 14 or a HAMD score ≥20 indicating the presence of affective disorders.The scores of the above four scales were compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG and BAEP data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG results were evaluated based on a composite score of background activity stability,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude,and narrowband width,with a score of 0-3 indicating aEEG abnormalities.In the BAEP waveform,the Ⅰ,Ⅲ,and Ⅴ waves and the inter-wave intervals of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ were observed and recorded,along with their peak latencies and inter-peak latencies.If the latency of each wave is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations and/or the interwave period is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations,it was considered a BAEP abnormality.CSVD patients were divided into cognitive impairment and non-cognitive impairment based on MMSE scale score and MoCA scale score,and all CSVD patients were divided into affective disorder and non-affective disorder based on HAMA score and HAMD score.The independent variables with statistically significant differences and no collinearity in the univariate analysis of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the statistically significant factors were used to form the multivariate model.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model for CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.Results(1)The proportion of hypertension patients,the levels of CRP,Gal-3,cystatin C,Hcy,Tau protein,GFAP,HAMA and HAMD scores in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05),and the MMSE and MoCA scale were lower than those in the control group(both P＜0.05).The scores of continuity,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude and narrow band width of aEEG in the CSVD group were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The peak latency and interpeak latency of BAEP in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).(2)There were 52 patients with cognitive impairment and 48 patients with non-cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.There were 36 patients with affective disorder and 64 patients with non-affective disorder.There were 17patients with both cognitive and affective disorders.The age,Tau protein,GFAP,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP in patients with cognitive impairment were higher than those in patients without cognitive impairment(all P＜0.05).The age of patients with affective disorder,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP were higher than those of patients without affective disorder(all P＜0.05).(3)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 4.364 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,4.364,95％CI 1.554-12.252,P=0.005).The risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 3.218 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,3.218,95％CI 1.218-8.503,P=0.018).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD cognitive impairment.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.732,the sensitivity was 76.38％,and the specificity was 82.59％.(4)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 3.203 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,3.203,95％CI 1.288-7.966,P=0.012).The risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 2.553 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,2.553,95％CI 1.011-6.446,P=0.047).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD affective disorders.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.700,the sensitivity was 74.21％,and the specificity was 83.49％.Conclusions The abnormality of aEEG and BAEP are important factors in constructing the prediction model of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients.The multi-factor model constructed by aEEG and BAEP has certain value in predicting CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.

This paper aims to present a review of the research progress on the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and microglia-mediated inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder in which the immuno-inflammatory pathway is considered to be one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of disease， and manifested by microglia activation and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the brain. However， the biological mechanism underlying immune disorder in schizophrenia has not been fully elucidated. In recent years， accumulating evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore， this article reviews the research progress on the roles of mitochondrial days function and microglia-mediated inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia， so as to inform the study of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of bipolar-plasmakinetic transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (B-TUERP) in day surgery. METHODS: From January 2021 to August 2022, 34 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) underwent B-TUERP in day surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Patients completed the screening and anesthesia evaluation before admission and received the standard surgery which implements "anatomical enucleation of the prostate" and "absolute bleeding control" on the same day of admission, and by the same doctor. Bladder irrigation was stopped, catheter was removed and the discharge evaluation was performed on the first day after operation. The baseline data, perioperative conditions, time of recovery, treatment outcomes, hospitalization costs, and postoperative complications were analyzed. RESULTS: All operations were successfully conducted. The average age of the patients was (62.2±7.8) years, average prostate volume was (50.2±29.3) mL. The average operation time was (36.5±19.1) min, the average hemoglobin and blood sodium were decreased by (16.2±7.1) g/L and (2.2±2.0) mmol/L, respectively. The average postoperative length of hospital stay, and total length of hospital stay were (17.7±2.2) and (20.8±2.1) h, respectively, and the average hospitalization cost was (13 558±2320) CNY. All patients were discharged on the day after surgery except for one patient who was transferred to a general ward. Three patients received indwelling catheterization after catheter removal. The 3-month follow-up results showed a substantial improvement in the International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life score and maximum urinary flow rate (all P<0.01). Three patients experienced temporary urinary incontinence, 1 patient experienced urinary tract infection, 4 patients were diagnosed with urethral stricture and 2 patients experienced bladder neck contracture. No complications above Clavien grade Ⅱ occurred. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results showed that B-TUERP ambulatory surgery is a safe, feasible, economical and effective treatment for appropriately selected patients with BPH.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Prostate/surgery* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery* ; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Quality of Life ; Feasibility Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

【Objective】 Dyslipidemia has shown to be associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and renal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between residual cholesterol and the risk of subclinical renal damage (SRD). 【Methods】 A total of 2 342 participants were recruited from the previously established Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study cohort. According to estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatine ratio(uACR), the subjects were divided into SRD group and non-SRD group. The associations of residual cholesterol with eGFR, uACR, and the risk of SRD were analyzed by multiple linear and Logistic regression analyses. 【Results】 Residual cholesterol was positively correlated with uACR(r=0.081, P<0.001) but negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.091, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that residual cholesterol was an influencing factor of uACR (β=0.075, P<0.001) and eGFR (β=-0.027, P<0.001) after adjustment for gender, age, smoke, alcohol, exercise, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and serum uric acid. In addition, Logistic regression analysis revealed that residual cholesterol was significantly associated with the risk of SRD independently of potential confounders [OR(95% CI)=1.387 (1.113-1.728), P<0.001]. Further subgroup analysis showed that residual cholesterol was significantly associated with the risk of SRD in women but not in men. 【Conclusion】 Residual cholesterol is a contributing factor in the risk of subclinical renal damage with gender-specific association.

【Objective】 Corin, a transmembrane serine protease that can cleave atrial natriuretic peptide precursor (pro-ANP) into atrial natriuretic peptide with smaller bioactive molecules, participates in the pathophysiological process of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of Corin gene variation with blood pressure responses to sodium and potassium dietary interventions. 【Methods】 In 2004, we recruited 514 participants from 124 families in 7 villages of Baoji, Shaanxi Province, China. All the subjects received a 3-day normal diet, a 7-day low-salt diet, a 7-day high-salt diet, and finally a 7-day high-salt and potassium supplementation. Fifteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Corin gene were selected for final analysis. 【Results】 SNPs rs12509275 were significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response to low-salt diet, while rs3749584 was associated with pulse pressure (PP) response to low-salt diet.SNP rs3749584 and rs10517195 were significantly associated with PP response to high-salt diet. In addition,rs17654278 were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to high-salt and potassium supplementation, rs2271037 was significantly correlated with DBP responses to high-salt and potassium supplementation, and rs4695253, rs12509275, rs2351783, rs36090894 were significantly associated with PP response to high-salt and potassium supplementation. 【Conclusion】 Corin gene polymorphisms were associated with blood pressure response to sodium and potassium, suggesting that Corin gene may be involved in pathophysiological process of salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity.