Objective:To explore the characteristics of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) formation in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and its effect on long-term prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of a cohort of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who visited Beijing Youan Hospital from May 2009 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Enhanced CT examination was used as the standard for diagnosing PVT and its classification. Patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis without PVT at baseline were selected as the research subjects. According to whether PVT was formed during the follow-up period, they were divided into the PVT and control groups including 99 and 168 patients in the PVT and control groups with a follow-up time of 52.0 (46.7, 57.3) months. The changes in baseline and endpoint clinical indicators of the two groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier survival curve, log-rank test, and Cox regression were used to analyze the effect of PVT on prognosis.Results:In the PVT group, 28.28% (28/99) of patients underwent splenectomy, and 74.75% (74/99) did not receive anticoagulation therapy. The main portal vein thrombosis, portal vein branch thrombosis, and thrombosis in both groups accounted for 34.34% (34/99), 23.23% (23/99), and 15.15% (15/99), respectively. The splenic vein or superior mesenteric vein accounted for 27.27% (27/99). PVT was stable in 63.27% (63/99), progressed in 31.31% (31/99), and relieved in 5.05% (5/99) during the follow-up period. The white blood cell, hemoglobin, and platelet counts were all decreased in the PVT group compared with the baseline ( P<0.05). The international normalized ratio (INR) [1.28 (1.14, 1.39) vs. 1.33 (1.19, 1.46), P=0.041] and spleen length [(163.84±30.68) mm vs. (177.26±32.61) mm, P<0.001] was increased compared with the baseline. The proportion of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding was higher in the PVT group than in the control group (57.0% vs. 28.7%, P<0.001), and the constituent ratio of hepatic encephalopathy was not statistically significantly different ( P>0.05). The proportion of patients with ascites in the control group decreased (63.1% vs. 41.7%, P<0.001), while the proportion of patients with ascites in the PVT group was not statistically significantly different ( P>0.05). The incidence of composite clinical endpoint events in the PVT and the control group was 21.21% (21/99) and 4.17% (7/168), respectively ( P＜0.05). The incidence of composite clinical endpoint events in PVT patients without anticoagulation and anticoagulation treatment was 25.68% (19/74) and 8.00% (2/25), respectively ( P=0.062). Cox regression analysis found that PVT formation was an independent risk factor for liver-related adverse events in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis ( HR=9.36, 95% CI: 3.65～24.02, P=0.001). Conclusions:The presence of PVT in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis is assoliated with worse prognosis. The formation of PVT is closely related to the increased risk of liver-related adverse prognosis in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) formation in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and its effect on long-term prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of a cohort of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who visited Beijing Youan Hospital from May 2009 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Enhanced CT examination was used as the standard for diagnosing PVT and its classification. Patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis without PVT at baseline were selected as the research subjects. According to whether PVT was formed during the follow-up period, they were divided into the PVT and control groups including 99 and 168 patients in the PVT and control groups with a follow-up time of 52.0 (46.7, 57.3) months. The changes in baseline and endpoint clinical indicators of the two groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier survival curve, log-rank test, and Cox regression were used to analyze the effect of PVT on prognosis.Results:In the PVT group, 28.28% (28/99) of patients underwent splenectomy, and 74.75% (74/99) did not receive anticoagulation therapy. The main portal vein thrombosis, portal vein branch thrombosis, and thrombosis in both groups accounted for 34.34% (34/99), 23.23% (23/99), and 15.15% (15/99), respectively. The splenic vein or superior mesenteric vein accounted for 27.27% (27/99). PVT was stable in 63.27% (63/99), progressed in 31.31% (31/99), and relieved in 5.05% (5/99) during the follow-up period. The white blood cell, hemoglobin, and platelet counts were all decreased in the PVT group compared with the baseline ( P<0.05). The international normalized ratio (INR) [1.28 (1.14, 1.39) vs. 1.33 (1.19, 1.46), P=0.041] and spleen length [(163.84±30.68) mm vs. (177.26±32.61) mm, P<0.001] was increased compared with the baseline. The proportion of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding was higher in the PVT group than in the control group (57.0% vs. 28.7%, P<0.001), and the constituent ratio of hepatic encephalopathy was not statistically significantly different ( P>0.05). The proportion of patients with ascites in the control group decreased (63.1% vs. 41.7%, P<0.001), while the proportion of patients with ascites in the PVT group was not statistically significantly different ( P>0.05). The incidence of composite clinical endpoint events in the PVT and the control group was 21.21% (21/99) and 4.17% (7/168), respectively ( P＜0.05). The incidence of composite clinical endpoint events in PVT patients without anticoagulation and anticoagulation treatment was 25.68% (19/74) and 8.00% (2/25), respectively ( P=0.062). Cox regression analysis found that PVT formation was an independent risk factor for liver-related adverse events in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis ( HR=9.36, 95% CI: 3.65～24.02, P=0.001). Conclusions:The presence of PVT in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis is assoliated with worse prognosis. The formation of PVT is closely related to the increased risk of liver-related adverse prognosis in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.

Objective Exploring the predictive value of amplitude integrated electroencephalography(aEEG)and brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP)in cognitive and affective disorders related to cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods Retrospectively,100 patients with CSVD who visited the Department of Neurology at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2021 to February 2024 were included in the CSVD group.From January 2021 to February 2024,100 healthy people who underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and matched with the CSVD group for age and sex were prospectively included as the control group.Basic and clinical data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group,including age,sex,years of education,hypertension,diabetes,smoking,drinking,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),galactin-3(Gal-3),cystatin C,homocysteine(Hcy),blood Tau protein,and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP).Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale,with a MMSE score＜24 and a MoCA score＜25 indicating cognitive impairment.affective disorders were assessed using the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)and the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),with a HAMA score ≥ 14 or a HAMD score ≥20 indicating the presence of affective disorders.The scores of the above four scales were compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG and BAEP data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG results were evaluated based on a composite score of background activity stability,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude,and narrowband width,with a score of 0-3 indicating aEEG abnormalities.In the BAEP waveform,the Ⅰ,Ⅲ,and Ⅴ waves and the inter-wave intervals of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ were observed and recorded,along with their peak latencies and inter-peak latencies.If the latency of each wave is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations and/or the interwave period is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations,it was considered a BAEP abnormality.CSVD patients were divided into cognitive impairment and non-cognitive impairment based on MMSE scale score and MoCA scale score,and all CSVD patients were divided into affective disorder and non-affective disorder based on HAMA score and HAMD score.The independent variables with statistically significant differences and no collinearity in the univariate analysis of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the statistically significant factors were used to form the multivariate model.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model for CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.Results(1)The proportion of hypertension patients,the levels of CRP,Gal-3,cystatin C,Hcy,Tau protein,GFAP,HAMA and HAMD scores in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05),and the MMSE and MoCA scale were lower than those in the control group(both P＜0.05).The scores of continuity,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude and narrow band width of aEEG in the CSVD group were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The peak latency and interpeak latency of BAEP in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).(2)There were 52 patients with cognitive impairment and 48 patients with non-cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.There were 36 patients with affective disorder and 64 patients with non-affective disorder.There were 17patients with both cognitive and affective disorders.The age,Tau protein,GFAP,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP in patients with cognitive impairment were higher than those in patients without cognitive impairment(all P＜0.05).The age of patients with affective disorder,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP were higher than those of patients without affective disorder(all P＜0.05).(3)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 4.364 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,4.364,95％CI 1.554-12.252,P=0.005).The risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 3.218 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,3.218,95％CI 1.218-8.503,P=0.018).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD cognitive impairment.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.732,the sensitivity was 76.38％,and the specificity was 82.59％.(4)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 3.203 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,3.203,95％CI 1.288-7.966,P=0.012).The risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 2.553 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,2.553,95％CI 1.011-6.446,P=0.047).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD affective disorders.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.700,the sensitivity was 74.21％,and the specificity was 83.49％.Conclusions The abnormality of aEEG and BAEP are important factors in constructing the prediction model of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients.The multi-factor model constructed by aEEG and BAEP has certain value in predicting CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0％ were gram-positive and 71.0％ were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6％,81.9％ and 78.5％,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9％ of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4％ of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1％ in the isolates from children and and 95.9％ in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0％ for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5％ and 23.6％ of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively .Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6％ to 10.0％.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9％ and 17.4％ for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5％ and 68.1％ for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.

Purpose To investigate the difference of cerebral blood flow between sleep deprivation and rest wakefulness.Materials and Methods Fifty subjects were recruited from universities in Xi'an from October 2020 to December 2021.The psychomotor vigilance test(PVT)task was used to measure sustained attention.Arterial spin labeling technique was used to analyze and compare the relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)between sleep deprivation and rest wakefulness.The correlation between altered rCBF of specific brain regions and PVT task performance after sleep deprivation was analyzed.Results Compared with rest wakefulness,rCBF in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal lobe,bilateral parietal lobule,left orbital middle frontal gyrus,bilateral middle temporal gyrus,right posterior central gyrus,and bilateral angular gyrus was significantly decreased after sleep deprivation.The rCBF of bilateral thalamus,left precuneus,right medial prefrontal lobe,left posterior cingulate gyrus,and left inferior temporal gyrus was significantly increased(FDR corrected,P<0.05,cluster size≥20 voxels).The changes of rCBF in left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe and right parietal lobule were significantly negatively correlated with the PVT task performance(r=-0.56,P<0.001;r=-0.64,P<0.001),and the change of rCBF of left precuneus was significantly positively correlated with the PVT task performance(r=0.72,P<0.001).Conclusion The abnormal changes of CBF in default mode network,frontoparietal network-related brain regions and thalamic may be the important neural mechanism of sustained attentional decline after sleep deprivation.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective:To explore the latent profile types of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior in stroke patients and analyze the influencing factors of different latent profiles.Methods:From January to October 2023, totally 596 stroke patients from the Neurology Department of five ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Henan Province were selected by stratified random sampling. The patients were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire (SPKQ), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the WHO's Quality of Life Questionnaire- Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), the Short Form Health Belief Model Scale (SF-HBMS), and the Health Promoting Lifestyle ProfileⅡ (HPLPⅡ). Latent profile analysis was used to classify the capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior characteristics of stroke patients, and multiple logistic regression was conducted to explore the influencing factors of different latent profiles.Results:Three latent profiles of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior in stroke patients were identified, including low capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with high health beliefs (32.4%, 193/596), moderate capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with insufficient health beliefs (47.5%, 283/596), and high capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with lack of social support (20.1%, 120/596). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that educational level, smoking history, family history, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score were influencing factors of different latent profiles ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Stroke patients exhibit distinct classifications of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior. Targeted interventions should be conducted based on the characteristics of each category to improve health behavior management outcomes in patients.

Objective:To evaluate the short-term antiviral efficacy and safety profile of tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:The biochemical indexes, renal function, and complication status in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who were treated with tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) in Beijing You'an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2022 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 98 cases with hepatitis B cirrhosis were included. Among them, 62 and 36 cases with hepatitis B cirrhosis had previously undergone partial resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. 66.7% (62/93) of the treated patients were HBV DNA negative before treatment. The longest follow-up time for medication was 24 months, with an average follow-up of (14.1±4.7) months. There were no statistically significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TBil) levels at 18 months of treatment compared with those before treatment ( P>0.05). The ALT return to normal rate was 91.3%. The HBV DNA negativity rate was 90.6% and 93.5% at 18 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively. There were no significant changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared with those before treatment ( P>0.05). 36 cases were still HBV DNA positive (including 31 treated and 5 never treated) before treatment. A total of 29 cases were followed up for 12 months, and 24 cases (82.8%) had HBV DNA negative conversion. Conclusion:TMF antiviral therapies have an HBV DNA negative rate of over 80% at 12 months and can improve the liver function in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. However, there were no significant changes in renal function and blood lipids before and after treatment.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0％ were gram-positive and 71.0％ were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6％,81.9％ and 78.5％,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9％ of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4％ of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1％ in the isolates from children and and 95.9％ in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0％ for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5％ and 23.6％ of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively .Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6％ to 10.0％.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9％ and 17.4％ for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5％ and 68.1％ for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.

Objective Exploring the predictive value of amplitude integrated electroencephalography(aEEG)and brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP)in cognitive and affective disorders related to cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods Retrospectively,100 patients with CSVD who visited the Department of Neurology at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2021 to February 2024 were included in the CSVD group.From January 2021 to February 2024,100 healthy people who underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and matched with the CSVD group for age and sex were prospectively included as the control group.Basic and clinical data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group,including age,sex,years of education,hypertension,diabetes,smoking,drinking,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),galactin-3(Gal-3),cystatin C,homocysteine(Hcy),blood Tau protein,and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP).Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale,with a MMSE score＜24 and a MoCA score＜25 indicating cognitive impairment.affective disorders were assessed using the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)and the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),with a HAMA score ≥ 14 or a HAMD score ≥20 indicating the presence of affective disorders.The scores of the above four scales were compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG and BAEP data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG results were evaluated based on a composite score of background activity stability,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude,and narrowband width,with a score of 0-3 indicating aEEG abnormalities.In the BAEP waveform,the Ⅰ,Ⅲ,and Ⅴ waves and the inter-wave intervals of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ were observed and recorded,along with their peak latencies and inter-peak latencies.If the latency of each wave is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations and/or the interwave period is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations,it was considered a BAEP abnormality.CSVD patients were divided into cognitive impairment and non-cognitive impairment based on MMSE scale score and MoCA scale score,and all CSVD patients were divided into affective disorder and non-affective disorder based on HAMA score and HAMD score.The independent variables with statistically significant differences and no collinearity in the univariate analysis of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the statistically significant factors were used to form the multivariate model.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model for CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.Results(1)The proportion of hypertension patients,the levels of CRP,Gal-3,cystatin C,Hcy,Tau protein,GFAP,HAMA and HAMD scores in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05),and the MMSE and MoCA scale were lower than those in the control group(both P＜0.05).The scores of continuity,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude and narrow band width of aEEG in the CSVD group were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The peak latency and interpeak latency of BAEP in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).(2)There were 52 patients with cognitive impairment and 48 patients with non-cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.There were 36 patients with affective disorder and 64 patients with non-affective disorder.There were 17patients with both cognitive and affective disorders.The age,Tau protein,GFAP,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP in patients with cognitive impairment were higher than those in patients without cognitive impairment(all P＜0.05).The age of patients with affective disorder,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP were higher than those of patients without affective disorder(all P＜0.05).(3)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 4.364 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,4.364,95％CI 1.554-12.252,P=0.005).The risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 3.218 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,3.218,95％CI 1.218-8.503,P=0.018).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD cognitive impairment.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.732,the sensitivity was 76.38％,and the specificity was 82.59％.(4)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 3.203 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,3.203,95％CI 1.288-7.966,P=0.012).The risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 2.553 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,2.553,95％CI 1.011-6.446,P=0.047).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD affective disorders.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.700,the sensitivity was 74.21％,and the specificity was 83.49％.Conclusions The abnormality of aEEG and BAEP are important factors in constructing the prediction model of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients.The multi-factor model constructed by aEEG and BAEP has certain value in predicting CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.