Objective To investigate the effect of residual corneal astigmatism on visual acuity after regional refrac-tive intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted.The medical records and follow-up data of 73 eyes of 57 cataract patients who underwent ultrasound emulsification cataract extraction combined with LENTIS Comfort LS-313 MF15 IOL implantation in the Ophthalmology Department of the Hebei General Hospital from June 2020 to March 2022 were collected.These patients were grouped according to postoperative residual corneal astigmatism:32 patients(40 eyes)with a residual corneal astigmatism of 0.75(exclusive)-1.50 D were taken as the experimental group,and 25 patients(33 eyes)with a residual corneal astigmatism ≤0.75 D were taken as the control group.The uncor-rected distance visual acuity(5 m),uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(80 cm),uncorrected near visual acuity(40 cm),out-of-focus curve,objective visual quality,subjective visual quality,satisfaction degree and lens removal rate of pa-tients in the two groups were recorded 6 months postoperatively.Results The postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity(logMAR)was 0.10(0.00,0.22),the uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(logMAR)was 0.00(0.00,0.10),and the uncorrected near visual acuity(logMAR)was 0.20(0.10,0.30)and 0.20(0.10,0.20)in the experimental and control groups,with no statistically significant differences(all P＞0.05).The postoperative out-of-focus curves showed that the distance visual acuity of patients with additional spherical equivalent refraction ranged from+2.00 D to-4.00 D in the two groups had no statistically significant difference(all P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in to-tal aberration,coma aberration,modulation transfer function and Strehl ratio in the objective visual quality of patients after surgery(all P＜0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in the total higher-order aberration,spherical ab-erration and cloverleaf aberration(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the subjective visual quality,satisfaction degree and lens removal rate in the two groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Residual corneal astig-matism of 0.75 D to 1.50 D after LENTIS Comfort LS-313 MF15 IOL implantation has no effect on higher-order aberration,spherical aberration,and cloverleaf aberration in subjective and objective visual quality,and has an impact on total aberra-tion,coma aberration,modulation transfer function and Strehl ratio in objective visual quality.

Endosomal TLRs (TLR3/7/8/9) are highly analogous innate immunity sensors for various viral or bacterial RNA/DNA molecular patterns. Among them, TLR7, in particular, has been suggested to be a target for various inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); but few small-molecule inhibitors with elaborated mechanism have been reported in literature. Here, we reported a well-characterized human TLR7-specific small-molecule inhibitor, TH-407b, with promising potency and negligible cytotoxicity through a novel binding mechanism. Notably, TH-407b not only effectively inhibited TLR7-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling in a variety of cultured cell lines but also demonstrated potent inflammation suppressing activities in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from SLE patients. Furthermore, TH-407b showed prominent efficacy in vivo, improved survival rate and ameliorated symptoms of SLE model mice. To obtain molecular insights into the TH-407b derivatives' inhibition mechanism, we performed the structural analysis of TLR7/TH-407b complex using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) method. As an atomistic resolution cryo-EM structure of the TLR family, it not only of value to facilitate structure-based drug design, but also shed light to methodology development of small proteins using EM. Significantly, TH-407b has unveiled an inhibition strategy for TLR7 via stabilizing its resting/inactivated state. Such a resting state could be generally applicable to all TLRs, rendering a useful method for targeting this group of important immunological receptors.