Acute hypoxic exposure can induce functional brain impairment, driven by molecular mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular calcium overload, glial cell activation and inflammatory responses, blood-brain barrier disruption, and alterated cerebral blood flow. Acetazolamide, a broad-spectrum carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is a standard clinical treatment and remains the only medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness. Substantial evidence confirms that under acute hypoxic exposure, acetazolamide exerts multi-level neuroprotective effects on brain tissue by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase VB and other isoforms. These protective mechanisms involve preserving mitochondrial integrity, regulating calcium homeostasis and pH balance, modulating glial cell activity to mitigate neuroinflammation, maintaining blood-brain barrier structure integrity, and improving cerebral perfusion through cerebrovascular regulation. This article reviewed the molecular pathological mechanisms of hypoxia-induced nervous system damage, summarized the pharmacological properties and neuroprotective effects of acetazolamide, and provided a theoretical basis for therapeutic interventions against high-altitude hypoxic neural injury.

Acute hypoxic exposure can induce functional brain impairment, driven by molecular mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular calcium overload, glial cell activation and inflammatory responses, blood-brain barrier disruption, and alterated cerebral blood flow. Acetazolamide, a broad-spectrum carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is a standard clinical treatment and remains the only medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness. Substantial evidence confirms that under acute hypoxic exposure, acetazolamide exerts multi-level neuroprotective effects on brain tissue by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase VB and other isoforms. These protective mechanisms involve preserving mitochondrial integrity, regulating calcium homeostasis and pH balance, modulating glial cell activity to mitigate neuroinflammation, maintaining blood-brain barrier structure integrity, and improving cerebral perfusion through cerebrovascular regulation. This article reviewed the molecular pathological mechanisms of hypoxia-induced nervous system damage, summarized the pharmacological properties and neuroprotective effects of acetazolamide, and provided a theoretical basis for therapeutic interventions against high-altitude hypoxic neural injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of residual corneal astigmatism on visual acuity after regional refrac-tive intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted.The medical records and follow-up data of 73 eyes of 57 cataract patients who underwent ultrasound emulsification cataract extraction combined with LENTIS Comfort LS-313 MF15 IOL implantation in the Ophthalmology Department of the Hebei General Hospital from June 2020 to March 2022 were collected.These patients were grouped according to postoperative residual corneal astigmatism:32 patients(40 eyes)with a residual corneal astigmatism of 0.75(exclusive)-1.50 D were taken as the experimental group,and 25 patients(33 eyes)with a residual corneal astigmatism ≤0.75 D were taken as the control group.The uncor-rected distance visual acuity(5 m),uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(80 cm),uncorrected near visual acuity(40 cm),out-of-focus curve,objective visual quality,subjective visual quality,satisfaction degree and lens removal rate of pa-tients in the two groups were recorded 6 months postoperatively.Results The postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity(logMAR)was 0.10(0.00,0.22),the uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(logMAR)was 0.00(0.00,0.10),and the uncorrected near visual acuity(logMAR)was 0.20(0.10,0.30)and 0.20(0.10,0.20)in the experimental and control groups,with no statistically significant differences(all P＞0.05).The postoperative out-of-focus curves showed that the distance visual acuity of patients with additional spherical equivalent refraction ranged from+2.00 D to-4.00 D in the two groups had no statistically significant difference(all P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in to-tal aberration,coma aberration,modulation transfer function and Strehl ratio in the objective visual quality of patients after surgery(all P＜0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in the total higher-order aberration,spherical ab-erration and cloverleaf aberration(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the subjective visual quality,satisfaction degree and lens removal rate in the two groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Residual corneal astig-matism of 0.75 D to 1.50 D after LENTIS Comfort LS-313 MF15 IOL implantation has no effect on higher-order aberration,spherical aberration,and cloverleaf aberration in subjective and objective visual quality,and has an impact on total aberra-tion,coma aberration,modulation transfer function and Strehl ratio in objective visual quality.

Since the first intraocular lens(IOL)was implanted by Harold Ridley in 1949 and the widespread use of depth-of-focus extended intraocular lens(EDOF IOL)clinically, the IOL has been constantly updated and developed, aiming to provide patients with good postoperative visual quality. The residual astigmatism is one of the important factors affecting the postoperative visual quality of cataract patients, 35%-40% of cataract patients have astigmatism of 1.00 D, and 19%-22% have astigmatism of 1.50 D. Therefore, it is important to understand the inclusiveness of EDOF IOL for astigmatism, so that the right IOL can be selected for the patient. This article summarizes the inclusiveness of different types of EDOF IOL for astigmatism and their advantages and disadvantages, with the expectation that it will provide a reference in selecting EDOF IOL for patients with different residual astigmatism.

AIM: To investigate the effect of residual astigmatism on visual quality after phacoemulsification combined with regional refractive intraocular lens(IOL)implantation in patients with age-related cataract, and to evaluate the astigmatism inclusivity of regional refractive IOL.METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 62 cases(73 eyes)of age-related cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification combined with regional refractive IOL(Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15)implantation from July 2020 to March 2022 at the ophthalmology department of our hospital were collected. They were grouped according to residual astigmatism at 6 mo postoperatively, taking 35 cases(40 eyes)with residual astigmatism of 0.75 D to 1.50 D as the experimental group, and 27 cases(33 eyes)with residual astigmatism ≤0.75 D as the control group. Visual acuity, defocus curves, objective visual acuity [wavefront aberrations, Strehl ratio(SR), modulation transfer functions(MTF)], subjective visual acuity(national eye institute visual function questionnaire-25), patients' satisfaction, and spectacle independence were compared between the two groups at 6 mo postoperatively.RESULTS:There was a difference in the preoperative astigmatism and the number of postoperative 6 mo residual astigmatism between the two groups(P<0.01). At 6 mo postoperatively, there was no difference in uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity, objective visual quality, subjective visual quality, satisfaction, and spectacle independence between the two groups(P>0.05). The defocus curves showed that there was no difference in visual acuity between the two groups at all points in the +2.00 to -4.00 D defocus range of the additional spherical equivalent(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15 IOL was able to accommodate regular astigmatism of 1.50 D.

Objective:To explore the effects of glycosylated nanoparticles on early radiation responses including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the polarization of pulmonary macrophages, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in mice lung tissues.Methods:Twenty mice were randomly divided into control group, drug administration group, irradiation group and irradiation + drug administration group. The irradiation group and irradiation + drug administration group were subjected to whole lung irradiation with X-rays. The antioxidant ability of glycosylated nanoparticles was characterized using ROS indicator (CM-H 2DCFDA). The M2 polarization of pulmonary macrophages was detected by flow cytometry and PCR. The mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were investigated by PCR and ELISA assay, respectively. Results:Compared with the irradiation group, the intensity of ROS fluorescence signals was significantly lower ( t=15.76, P < 0.05), the proportion of M2-type macrophages was significantly higher ( t=2.89, P < 0.05), the expression level of arginase 1 (ARG-1) gene was elevated, and the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) inflammatory factors were significantly reduced ( t=3.32, 2.90, 2.85, 4.55, 2.88, P < 0.05) in the lung tissues of irradiation + treatment group. Conclusions:Glycosylated nanoparticles can effectively scavenge ROS, trigger polarization of M2 macrophage, dampen inflammatory responses, and thus potentially alleviate radiation-induced lung injury.

To adapt to the general educational requirements for military academies to prepare for victory under the new situation, the present paper proposed the overall thought of strengthening the post education for military hygiene through analyzing the main problems and causes existing in the current education, combined with the experience and practice of foreign military post education. Moreover, we combined the current situation and reality of post education in military medical universities, and analyzed the corresponding countermeasures from the aspects of teaching staff, course construction, information construction, teaching method and assessment model, expecting to provide guidance and help for better carrying out the post education of military hygiene in the future.

Objective: To investigate whether the transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) can alleviate radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) and attenuate intrapulmonary cellular senescence in mice with RIPF. Methods: The C57BL/6 mice were unilaterally irradiated with 17 Gy in the right lung to construct RIPF models. UC- MSCs were injected into the caudal vein at 3 months after radiation, and samples were taken at 6 months. The survival rate of mice was recorded, and the lung organ ratio was calculated. Lung structure and collagen deposition were observed by hem- atoxylin-eosin  staining  and  Masson  staining.  The  expression  of  senescence  secretion-associated  phenotype  (SASP)  was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Intrapulmonary cellular senescence was assessed by β-Gal im- munohistochemistry. The expression of key proteins in the P53-P21 and P16 pathways was measured by Western blot. P21 expression in the lung was measured by tissue immunofluorescence. Results: Compared with the untreated group, RIPF mice treated with UC-MSCs showed an improved survivalrate, reduced collagen deposition, and an improvement incollapse and thickening of alveolar structure. Increased β-Gal-positive senescent cells and high expression of SASP (IL-6, IL-8, IL- 1β) in the lung of RIPF mice were all reduced after UC-MSC treatment. The abnormally increased levels of P53, p-P53, P21 and P16 proteins in RIPF mice were reduced by UC-MSC treatment. Conclusion UC-MSCs may reduce cellular senes- cence in fibrotic lungs and alleviate RIPF by inhibiting P53-P21 and P16 pathways, which is expected to be used for the treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.

Objective:To explore the value of monocyte subsets and CD64 expression in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis.Methods:A prospective case-control study was designed. 30 septic patients and 30 non-septic patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the PLA Army Characteristic Medical Center from March 2021 to March 2022 were enrolled. After 1, 3, and 5 days of ICU admission, peripheral blood samples were taken from patients. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of monocyte subsets and the expression level of CD64 on the surface, and the difference of expression between patients in two group was analyzed. The risk variables for sepsis were analyzed using single-factor and multi-factor Logistic regression. The diagnostic efficacy of each risk factor for sepsis was determined using the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve).Results:One day after ICU admission, the proportions of monocytes and classic monocytes in white blood cells (WBC) of septic patients were significantly lower than those of non-septic patients [proportion of monocytes to WBC: (4.13±2.03)% vs. (6.53±3.90)%, proportion of classic monocytes to WBC: 1.97 (1.43, 2.83)% vs. 3.37 (1.71, 5.98)%, both P < 0.05]. The proportion of non-classical monocytes in monocytes was significantly higher in septic patients than that in non-septic patients [(11.42±9.19)% vs. (6.57±4.23)%, P < 0.05]. The levels of CD64 expression in monocytes, classic monocytes, intermediate monocytes and non-classic monocytes were significantly higher in sepsis patients than those in non-septic patients [mean fluorescence intensity (MFI): 13.10±6.01 vs. 9.84±2.83 for monocytes, 13.58±5.98 vs. 10.03±2.84 for classic monocytes, 13.48±6.35 vs. 10.22±2.99 for intermediate monocytes, 8.21±5.52 vs. 5.79±2.67 for non-classic monocytes, all P < 0.05]. Multivariate Logistic regression research showed that CD64 in typical monocytes [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.299, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.027-1.471, P = 0.025] and the proportion of non-typical monocytes in monocytes ( OR = 1.348, 95% CI was 1.034-1.758, P = 0.027) were the independent risk factors for sepsis. ROC curve showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CD64 expression of classical monocytes, the fraction of non-classical monocytes in monocytes, and procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis of sepsis was 0.871. A correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between the acute physiology and chronic health status evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) on the first, third, and fifth days following ICU admission and the expression level of CD64 in patients' classic monocytes ( r values were -0.264, -0.428 and -0.368, respectively, all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Combining the proportion of non-classical monocytes in monocytes, the level of plasma PCT, and the CD64 expression of classic monocytes in peripheral blood has good efficacy in identifying sepsis and assessing its severity.

Objective:To investigate whether transplantation of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) can inhibit radiation-induced senescence of alveolar epithelial cells type Ⅱ (AECⅡ) and its role in the prevention of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF).Methods:Mouse type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (MLE12) were irradiated with 6 Gy X-rays and then co-cultured with GMSCs. The extent of cellular senescence of MLE12 cells was assessed by cell morphology, β-Gal staining, and senescence secretion-associated phenotype (SASP) assay. RIPF model was constructed by unilaterally irradiating the right chest of C57BL/6 mice with 17 Gy X-rays. GMSCs were transplanted 1 d after irradiation. At 180 d after irradiation, the pulmonary organ ratio, HE staining, and Masson staining were used to assess intra-pulmonary structure and interstitial collagen deposition in the lung. β-Gal immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence co-localization with AECⅡ were measured to assess the degree of cellular senescence in the lung. The SASP expression changes in lung tissue were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions in P53-P21 and P16 pathways were detected by Western blot assay. P21 expression in AECⅡ was detected by immunofluorescence co-localization assay.Results:GMSCs effectively inhibited radiation-induced senescence of MLE12 cells, reduced the ratio of radiation-elevated β-Gal positive cells by 11.8% ( t=6.72, P<0.05), and decreased the expressions of SASP (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β) ( t=28.43, 28.43, 4.82, P<0.05). GMSCs transplantation improved the survival rate of irradiated mice, prevented radiation-induced alveolar structural collapse thickening and collagen deposition, reduced the number of senescent cells in the irradiated lung tissues by 23.9% ( t=21.83, P<0.05), and inhibited the expressions of SASP ( t=8.86, 20.63, P<0.05). GMSCs also inhibited the expression of P53-P21, P16-related proteins in MLE12 cells and lung tissues of mice after irradiation. Conclusions:GMSCs inhibit senescence-related P53-P21 and P16 pathways, prevent radiation-induced AECⅡ senescence, as well as the development of RIPF.