BACKGROUND AND AIM: The association between physical activity (PA) and sarcopenia has mostly been investigated in older people, with few studies focused on earlier life stages. The present study aimed to determine whether higher PA levels are associated with a lower sarcopenia risk in middle-aged and early older people. METHODS: This was an 8-year follow-up study. Participants were 6,500 community-dwelling adults aged 40-74 years who participated in the baseline questionnaire survey conducted in 2011-2014 in Japan. Levels of total and leisure-time PAs at baseline were assessed using validated metabolic equivalent scores. Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and handgrip strength measurement were performed in 2021-2022, and participants with low height-adjusted appendicular lean mass (<20th percentile) and low grip strength were diagnosed as having sarcopenia (outcome). Covariates were demographics, body size, lifestyle, and disease history at baseline. RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 137/2926 (4.7%) for men and 127/3574 (3.6%) for women. Higher total PA levels were associated with lower odds of sarcopenia (P for trend = 0.0278), with the second highest group having a significantly lower OR (0.51) than the lowest group (reference) in women, but not in men. Regarding leisure-time PA, those engaged in leisure-time vigorous PA had a lower OR of sarcopenia than those who did not (OR = 0.67, P = 0.0625). CONCLUSION Higher levels of total PA are associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia in women but not in men, suggesting a sex difference in this association. In addition, high levels of vigorous leisure-time PA may be effective for preventing sarcopenia.
Humans ; Sarcopenia/epidemiology* ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Independent Living/statistics & numerical data* ; Exercise ; Adult ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Hand Strength ; East Asian People

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors related to the content of consultation in the cancer nursing outpatient department of Gunma University Hospital. Method: A retrospective survey was conducted with 1084 cases, excluding the unknown cases, from 1308 consultations in FY2019. Survey items included age, gender, consulter, number of uses, treatment status, consultation content, etc. We conducted χ2 tests, and binomial logistic regression analysis between the content of the consultation and the attributes of the user. Results: The treatment-related content was associated with the following factors: 70s or older, family/relatives only, presence of recurrence/metastasis, first use, pre-treatment, urinary organs, uterine/ovary, and unknown primary. The body-related content was associated with the following factors: under treatment, post-treatment, no recurrence/metastasis, and digestive organs. The mental health-related content was associated with 30s or younger, 40s–60s, patient only, and second time or more. The social aspects-related content was associated with the following factors: patient only, family/relatives only, no recurrence/metastasis, and breast. Conclusion: The results reveal that associated factors differ by consultation content. These findings can be used to prepare for consultation based on the relevant associated factors.

Objective: We conducted a two-way crossover trial to investigate the effects of a personal air-conditioning system on fatigue induced by mental load. Design: Sixteen healthy volunteers performed mental fatigue-inducing tasks that consisted of a 2-back task for 30 min and the A, B, and C tasks of the advanced trail making test (ATMT) for 30 min on four occasions (4-hour mental load) with or without the personal air-conditioning system with a 1-week interval. We evaluated work performance by mean reaction time, number of errors, total trial number, and reaction time from the previous task to the next task in the ATMT and subjective fatigue sensation by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: The mean reaction time, the number of errors, and reaction time from the previous task to the next task were significantly lower, and the total trial number was significantly higher when the personal air-conditioning system was used. On the other hand, the personal air-conditioning system did not affect fatigue sensation in VAS. Conclusion: We found that the personal air-conditioning system attenuated mental fatigue and increased the subjects’ motivation.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PURPOSE: To investigate the oncological outcomes, including distant relapse, after en bloc spondylectomy (EBS) for spinal metastases in patients with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Although EBS has been reported to be locally curative and extend survival in select patients with spinal metastases, detailed reports regarding the control of distant relapse after EBS are lacking. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 18 consecutive patients (median age at EBS, 62 years; range, 40–77 years) who underwent EBS for spinal metastases between 1991 and 2015. The primary cancer sites included the kidney (n=7), thyroid (n=4), liver (n=3), and other locations (n=4). Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and groups were compared using the log-rank method. RESULTS: The median operative time and intraoperative blood loss were 767.5 minutes and 2,375 g, respectively. Twelve patients (66.7%) experienced perioperative complications. Five patients (27.8%) experienced local recurrence of the tumor at a median of 12.5 months after EBS, four of which had a positive resection margin status. Thirteen patients (72.2%) experienced distant relapse at a median of 21 months after EBS. The estimated median survival period after distant relapse was 20 months (95% confidence interval, 0.71–39.29 months). No association was found between resection margin status and distant relapse. Overall, the 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates after EBS were 72.2%, 48.8%, and 27.1%, respectively. Importantly, the era in which EBS was performed did not impact the oncological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that EBS by itself, even if margin-free, cannot prevent further dissemination, which occurred in >70% of patients at a median of 21 months after EBS. These results should be considered and conveyed to patients for clinical decision-making.
Clinical Decision-Making ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Operative Time ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Survival Rate ; Thyroid Gland

Struma ovarii is a rare tumor that is defined as an ovarian teratoma with a thyroid tissue component exceeding 50%. Most of these tumors are benign, with malignant struma ovarii occurring in <1% of patients. Here, we describe the case of a 49-year-old female patient with malignant struma ovarii who developed thoracic spine metastasis. She had undergone an oophorectomy and was diagnosed with struma ovarii 10 years previously. She had remained recurrence-free thereafter. At 49 years of age, she developed low back pain and was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of a spinal tumor at the Th7 level. An emergency bone biopsy led to a diagnosis of metastasis from malignant struma ovarii. External beam radiotherapy inhibited further tumor growth and there was no resulting muscle weakness. This is the first report of spinal metastasis occurring 10 years after resection of struma ovarii, indicating the need for long-term follow-up.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Weakness ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Ovariectomy ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Spinal Neoplasms ; Spine ; Struma Ovarii* ; Teratoma ; Thyroid Gland

Ischemic colitis following cardiac surgery is a rare but critical complication. We report two cases of ischemic colitis following cardiac surgery successfully treated with stenting of the stenotic celiac trunk. Case 1 was a 65-year-old man who developed perioperative myocardial infarction during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. He experienced abdominal pain and bloody stool on postoperative day 19. Severe ischemic changes in the sigmoid colon and descending colon were seen on colonoscopy, and CT scan revealed significant stenosis of the celiac trunk and occlusion of the inferior mesenteric artery and bilateral internal iliac arteries. Revascularization of the celiac trunk via stenting resulted in dramatic improvement in colonic ischemic changes. Case 2 was a 60-year-old woman who underwent a restoration procedure for a left ventricular aneurysm. She experienced gradual onset of postprandial pain beginning 9 days after surgery and massive bloody stool on postoperative day 33. Imaging revealed severe ischemic changes in the descending colon on colonoscopy and stenoses of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and bilateral common iliac arteries on CT angiogram. Stenting was performed to the celiac trunk on postoperative day 52. Her abdominal pain and bloody stool were completely resolved after treatment. Prior to the introduction of endovascular treatment of mesenteric ischemia in 1980, the standard treatment had been open surgical repair. Since then, endovascular repair has become widely accepted. In our experience, endovascular treatment of the mesenteric vessels may be an effective and less invasive approach to treating mesenteric ischemia in unstable patients after cardiac surgery.

To clarify the core competencies developed through postgraduate clinical training, we analyzed the conditions of our residency program with qualitative research methods. Seven residents (6 first-year residents and 1 second-year resident) answered a questionnaire and underwent semistructured interviews about postgraduate training. We also worked with the residents as “participant observers” of the treatment team. We found that residents often had trouble formulating diagnostic/treatment plans and tended to rely excessively on laboratory data to make decisions. We attribute these problems to a lack of practice in questioning expectations. We hypothesized that mitate-ryoku, the ability to describe the course of a patient's illness, is an extremely important clinical competency. According to the hypothesis, we tried to listen to the residents' description and to discuss it logically as colleagues. The residents described the patients expected condition over the next few days, considering both data and information they obtained from interviews and physical examinations. They adapted their ideas through logical discussion and were thus able to make acceptable decisions by themselves.

Thromboexclusion method for thoracic aortic aneurysm was studied in 10 patients who had dissecting aneurysm in 7 and atherosclerotic aneurysm in 3. The aortic aneurysms extended from the left subclavian artery to the diaphragma or more widely. The operations were extraanatomic bypass and permanent aortic clamp proximal to the aneurysm in 9, and proximal and distal to the aneuysm in one. The follow up periods were 14 days to 80 months. Eight patients survived more than 3 months and 5 of them had thromboexclusion of aneurysm to the diaphragma. One with the aneurysms of incomplete thromboexclusion resulted in aneurysmal rupture 28 months after operation, and recovered by additional clamp distal to the aneurysm. Another had aneurysmal rupture, and died 63 months after operation. A patient had the penetration of the clamp to the pulmonary artery, and died 12 months after operation. Temporary paraplegia occurred in a patient 15 months after operation. Two patients developed constipation without ileus. Any difference of blood pressure between upper and lower extremities was not recognized, and no patient had deterioration of renal function. Indication of this method should be strictly selected, and careful follow up study is mandatory.