Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Sansheng Decoction combined with Chinese herbal medicine fumigation on patients with lumbar disc herniation after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy(PELD).Methods Sixty-six patients with lumbar disc herniation of liver and kidney deficiency complicated with blood-stasis syndrome who were planning to take PELD were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,33 cases in each group.Both groups were treated with PELD.After PELD,the control group was routinely treated with anti-inflammatory,analgesic,neurotrophic and anti-infective treatment.On the basis of treatment for the control group,the treatment group was treated with modified Sansheng Decoction(composed of Eucommiae Cortex,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Corni Fructus,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Acanthopanacis Cortex,etc.)orally combined with Chinese herbal medicine fumigation(consists of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Spatholobi Caulis,Taxilli Herba,Kadsurae Coccineae Radix,etc.).Before and after treatment,the changes of Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score of lumbar pain,Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA)score and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)score of lumbar function in the two groups were observed.Moreover,the postoperative complications and recurrence in the two groups were compared.Results(1)After 1 month,3 months and 6 months of treatment,except that there was no significant difference between the post-6-month VAS scores and the post-3-month VAS scores in the control group(P＞0.05),the VAS scores of lumbar pain in the two groups were all significantly lowered compared with those at the previous observation time point(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the treatment group after 1 month,3 months and 6 months of treatment was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(2)After 1 month,3 months and 6 months of treatment,except that the JOA scores of lumbar function in the control group after 6 months of treatment did not differ from those after 3 months of treatment(P＞0.05),the JOA scores of the two groups were all significantly increased compared with those at the previous observation time point(P＜0.05),and the increase in the treatment group after 1 month,3 months and 6 months of treatment was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After 1 month,3 months and 6 months of treatment,the ODI score of lumbar function in the two groups were all significantly decreased compared with those at the previous observation time point(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the treatment group after 1 month,3 months and 6 months of treatment was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)In terms of the complications,no injury of nerve root and dura mater or other adverse reactions occurred in the two groups after operation.(5)During the trial,there was one patient lost from each group,and the remaining patients were followed up for 3 years.Within the 3 years,4 patients in the control group relapsed,and one patient in the treatment group relapsed,and all of the relapsed patients did not receive reoperation.Conclusion Sansheng Decoction combined with Chinese herbal medicine fumigation exerts certain effect in the treatment of patients with liver and kidney deficiency complicated with blood-stasis syndrome after PELD for lumbar disc herniation.The therapy can effectively relieve postoperative pain and promote the recovery of postoperative lumbar function.