Venous system diseases mainly include varicose veins and venous malformations of lower limbs and the genital system. Most of them are chronic diseases that cause serious clinical symptoms to patients and affect their health and quality of life. Sclerotherapy has become the first-line therapy for venous system diseases. However, there are problems such as incomplete fibrosis and vascular recanalization after sclerotherapy, and improper operation will cause serious adverse consequences. Therefore, exploring a safe and effective sclerotherapy strategy is essential for developing clinically successful sclerotherapy. To solve the above problems, we proposed a new sclerotherapy strategy with a dual mechanism of "vascular damage and plasmin (PLA) system inhibition." We intended to construct a novel cationic surfactant (AEO_x-TA) by reacting tranexamic acid (TA), a parent structure, with fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO_x) by ester bonds. AEO_x-TA could damage vascular endothelium and initiate a coagulation cascade effect to induce thrombus. Furthermore, AEO_x-TA could be degraded by esterase and release the parent drug, TA, which could inhibit the PLA system to inhibit the degradation of thrombus and extracellular matrix and promote the process of vascular fibrosis. In addition, such surfactant-based sclerosants have foam-forming properties, and they can be blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare a highly stable foam formulation (AEO_x-TA/P), which can achieve a precise drug delivery and prolonged drug retention time, thereby improving drug efficacy and reducing the risk of ectopic embolism. Overall, the novel cationic surfactant AEO_x-TA provides a new avenue to resolve the bottleneck: surfactant sclerosants' efficiency is relatively low in the current sclerotherapy.

Renal fibrosis is a devastating consequence of progressive chronic kidney disease,representing a major public health challenge worldwide.The underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis remain unclear,and effective treatments are still lacking.Renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs)maintain kidney function,and their dysfunction has emerged as a critical contributor to renal fibrosis.Cellular quality control comprises several components,including telomere homeostasis,ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS),autophagy,mitochondrial homeostasis(mitophagy and mitochondrial metabolism),endoplasmic reticulum(ER,unfolded protein response),and lysosomes.Failures in the cellular quality control of RTECs,including DNA,protein,and organelle damage,exert profibrotic functions by leading to senescence,defective autophagy,ER stress,mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction,apoptosis,fibro-blast activation,and immune cell recruitment.In this review,we summarize recent advances in un-derstanding the role of quality control components and intercellular crosstalk networks in RTECs,within the context of renal fibrosis.

Purpose: We aimed to identify effectiveness-associated indicators and evaluate the optimal tumor reduction rate (TRR) after two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with invasive breast cancer. Methods: This retrospective case-control study included patients who underwent at least four cycles of NAC at the Department of Breast Surgery between February 2013 and February 2020. A regression nomogram model for predicting pathological responses was constructed based on potential indicators. Results: A total of 784 patients were included, of whom 170 (21.68%) reported pathological complete response (pCR) after NAC and 614 (78.32%) had residual invasive tumors. The clinical T stage, clinical N stage, molecular subtype, and TRR were identified as independent predictors of pCR. Patients with a TRR > 35% were more likely to achieve pCR (odds ratio, 5.396; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.299–8.825). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted using the probability value, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.892 (95% CI, 0.863–0.922). Conclusion TRR > 35% is predictive of pCR after two cycles of NAC, and an early evaluation model using a nomogram based on five indicators, age, clinical T stage, clinical N stage, molecular subtype, and TRR, is applicable in patients with invasive breast cancer.

Objective: To explore the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 expression at gene and enzyme activity levels in the peripheral blood monocyte cells in coke oven workers, and to provide a certain basis for the biological monitoring of health damage in coke oven workers. Methods: We surveyed 118 coke oven workers and 63 controls (energy power workers in the same company) using self-designed questionnaire, determined their post-shift urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Py) concentration using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detector method. We also isolated the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from fasting venous blood, and detected DNA damage using comet assay, CYP1A1 mRNA level using the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR), and EROD activity using spectrophotometry. Statistical analyses including one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the association of urinary 1-OH-Py and CYP1A1 mRNA level and EROD activity. Results: Compared to the control group, the urinary 1-OH-Py concentration and PBMC DNA tail moment were significantly increased in coke oven workers (P<0.05), and CYP1A1 gene level and EROD activity in PBMC were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that a ten-fold increase of urinary 1-OH-Pycon centration was associated with a decrease of 0.77 (95%CI: -1.33--0.21) in CYP1A1 gene level, and a decline of 0.15 (95%CI: -0.76--0.16) in EROD activity of PBMC in coke oven workers (P<0.05). Conclusion Occupational PAHs exposure induced DNA damage, which was associated with the decreased level in CYP1A1 gene cavel and EROD activity in PBMC of coke oven workers.

Objective To compare the effects of Huiru Yizeng granules Huiru yizeng original decoctin on hyperplasia of mammary glands with hyperprolactinemia in serum and pathological morphology of mammary glands tissue.Methods Seventy rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:normal control group,model control group,Huiru yizeng granules group,Huiru yizeng original decoctin group,Rubisanjie group,bromocriptine group and accessories group.After sucessfully modeling hyperplasia of mammary glandsin rats with hyperprolactinemia,Huiru yizeng granules group was administrated 17.22 g·kg-1·d-1,Huiru yizeng original decoctin group was administrated 20.08 g·kg-1·d-1,Rubi sanjie group was administrated 0.416 mg·kg-1·d-1,bromocriptine group was administrated 0.393 mg·kg-1·d-1.These groups were intragastric administration 2 mL every day for 30 consecutive days.The morphology of pathological tissue in mammary gland was observed by microscope.The levels of prolactin(PRL),progesterone(P),estradiol(E2) were determined by ELISA kit.Results Compared with the model group,Huiru yizeng granules group[PRL=(22.74±4.74) pg·mL-1,P=(46.91±2.85) ng·mL-1,E2=(99.96±9.61) pg·mL-1],Huiru yizeng original decoction group[PRL=(28.41±6.37) pg·mL-1,P=(43.91±4.17) ng·mL-1,E2=(105.02±3.05) pg·mL-1] and bromocriptine group[PRL=(23.58±4.10) pg·mL-1,P=(45.99±2.95) ng·mL-1,E2=(98.04±9.98) pg·mL-1]showed significant decrease in PRL,E2 levels,obvious increase in P(P<0.01).In Huiru yizeng granules group,Huiru yizeng original decoction group and bromocriptine group,PRL,P,and E2 returned to normal level after 30 days,and hyperplasia of mammary glands tissue had great ease.Huiru yizeng original decoction group was Ⅰ to Ⅱ hyperplasia,and Huiru yizeng granules group was 0 or Ⅰ hyperplasia.Compared with each other,the effect of Huiru yizeng granules on the mammary gland proliferation inhibition was superior to Huiru yizeng original decoction group.Conclusion On the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands and hyperprolactinemia,Huiru yizeng granules were better than Huiru yizeng original decoction.

Objective To optimize the technological conditions of polysaccharide purification from compound Qianyu water decoction. Methods Water extraction and alcohol precipitation, resolution, Sevag method and dialysis method were used to purify polysaccharide.The purity of polysaccharide was measured with the phenol-sulfuric acid spectrophotometry.On the basis of single factor test, effects of redissolved solid-liquid ratio, number of protein removal, and dialytic time on polysaccharide purity of Qianyu were investigated by orthogonal test. Results The best conditions for purification of polysaccharide in Qianyu were as follows: liquid-solid ratio was 1:40(g/mL, W/V), remove protein for 10 times, and dialysis for 18 h.The content of polysaccharide could reach 69.04%, and the transfer rate was 51.84%. Conclusion The optimized purification process was simple and accurate.It can be used for polysaccharide purification in compound Qianyu water decoction.

OBJECTIVETo detect the content of the basic fibroblast growth factor in blood samples of patients with Moyamoya disease, and investigate the relationship between Moyamoya disease and the basic fibroblast growth factor.

METHODSThis tissue microarray study included 24 cases of superficial temporal artery samples, 15 cases of Moyamoya disease, and 9 cases of normal arteries as control, and bFGF immunofluorescence assay was applied to test the samples. The number of positive cells and total cells of the muscular layer and the endothelium layer were counted separately in every picture, the positive rates were calculated, and the experimental data were analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThe bFGF immunofluorescence staining of smooth muscular layer cells, intima cells and endothelial cells from the moyamoya disease group were obviously stronger than that from the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe enhancement expression of bFGF in the Moyamaya disease group implicates that bFGF plays an important part in the pathogenesis of Moyamoya disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; China ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; blood ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moyamoya Disease ; blood ; Tissue Array Analysis ; Young Adult

Background and purpose:The genetic and epidemic events that mediate the progression from in-situ to invasive prostate carcinoma are poorly understood.Stoma factors may facilitate the growth and invasion of tumor cells that have lost regulatory mechanisms.However,in situ carcinoma cells are separated from the stoma by a continuous layer of basal epithelial cells.During progression to invasive carcinoma,the basal cell layer becomes disrupted and tumor cells adhere to the basement membrane.This paper discussed the role of Laminin-5 secreted by basal epithelial cells that participated in the invasion of in situ prostate cancer cells.Methods:BPH-1 cells were used as an in vitro model of pre-invasive prostate cancer cells in order to investigate the migration-promoting activity of secreted factors from basal epithelial cells.Adhesion proteins and chemotactic factors that stimulate adhesion,planar polarization,migration were studied by techniques such as immunofluorescent analysis,immunoprecipitation and Western blot.Results:The results showed that the conditioned medium of basal epithelial cells(PEC-CM) contained adhesion proteins and chemotactic factors that stimulated adhesion,planar polarization,migration,and could phosphorylate Akt.LY294002 and Wortmannin partially inhibited PEC-CM-triggered migration(P