[Objective] To analyze the influencing factors of repeat blood donor lapsing using a zero-inflated poisson regression model (ZIP). [Methods] The blood donation behavior of 12 498 whole blood donors from 2020 was tracked until December 31, 2023. The factors influencing the frequency of blood donations in a given year was analyzed using ZIP, and donors with 0 blood donation in that year were considered to have lapsed. The changes in relevant influencing factors associated with each blood donation were measured and modeled for analysis. [Results] The zero-inflated part of ZIP showed that the risk of lapsing of male blood donors was 2.24 times that of female blood donors (OR 95% CI:1.864-2.696, P<0.001); the risk of lapsing of the 35-44 age group and over 45 age group was respectively 40% (OR 95% CI:0.455-0.790, P<0.001) and 61%(OR 95% CI:0.268-0.578, P<0.001) lower than that of the under 25 age group; the risk of lapsing for those who have donated blood twice and ≥3 times was respectively 50% (OR 95% CI:0.405-0.609, P<0.001) and 81% (OR 95% CI:0.154-0.225, P<0.001) lower than that of first-time donors; the risk of lapsing of those with junior high or high school education was 1.2 times that of those with a college degree or higher (OR 95% CI:1.033-1.384, P<0.05); the risk of lapsing for the divorced group was 2.02 times that of the married group (OR 95% CI:1.445-2.820, P<0.001); the risk of lapsing for those with an income (Yuan) of 10 000 to 50 000, 50 000 to 100 000 and more than 100 000 was respectively 0.67 (OR 95% CI:0.552-0.818, P<0.001), 0.72 (OR 95% CI:0.591-0.884, P=0.002) and 0.67 (OR 95% CI:0.535-0.834, P<0.001) times that of those with an income (Yuan) of less than 10 000. The results of the Poisson part are consistent with the results of the zero-inflated part in terms of age and education level. [Conclusion] Blood donor lapsing is overall related to factors such as gender, age, donation frequency, education, marital status and family income. It's essential to care for those blood donors prone to lapse to retain more regular blood donors.

In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tantrum mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technology was employed to determine milrinone nitrogen oxides in milrinone. An ACCHROM XCharge-C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) was used with a mobile phase consisting of A phase (methanol) and B phase (5 mmol/L NH4FA, pH3 adjusted by formic acid). Agilent 6410B triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used for HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Detection was performed using positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to analyze the limit of milrinone nitrogen oxides in milrinone, and the quantitative transition for the ion pair was from m/z 228.01 to m/z 181.90. Experimental results showed that the method exhibited good specificity, and that neither blank solvent nor blank samples interfered with the determination of milrinone nitrogen oxides of milrinone. The method demonstrated high sensitivity, with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.0076 μg/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0038 μg/mL. The linear range spanned from 20% to 200% of the LOQ concentration, and a good linear relationship between concentration and peak area was observed within this range. Additionally, the recovery rates were consistently within the range of 80% to 120%, and the RSD for repeatability tests was 12.0%. These results indicated that the precision and accuracy of this method meet the required standards. In summary, the method developed in this study can effectively and accurately determine the content of milrinone nitrogen oxides in milrinone.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the components migrating to blood and metabolites of Polygonum cuspidatum in rats with acute gouty arthritis （AGA）. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group and P. cuspidatum group （10 g/kg， by raw material）， with 6 rats in each group. Except for blank group， AGA model was induced in the remaining groups by injecting potassium oxonate and sodium urate； meanwhile， they were administered corresponding drug solutions or water intragastrically， once a day， for 10 consecutive days. The histopathological morphology of the knee joint tissues in rats was observed；rat serum samples were collected， and the components migrating to blood and metabolites of P. cuspidatum were analyzed by using UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS. RESULTS Following the intervention with P. cuspidatum， the histopathological morphology of the knee joint synovial tissue in AGA rats showed significant improvement， with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and hyperplasia， and the preservation of the honeycomb-like structure integrity. In both positive and negative ion modes， a total of 67 chemical components were detected in the serum of rats from P. cuspidatum group， including 25 prototype components and 42 metabolites. The involved compound types encompassed stilbenes， anthraquinones， naphthols， and flavonoids， among others. The metabolic reactions identified included methylation， acetylation， sulfation， and glucuronidation. Notably， compounds such as polydatin， resveratrol and emodin were capable of entering the bloodstream in their prototype forms and undergoing in vivo metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Compounds such as polydatin， resveratrol and emodin are likely to be the active components responsible for the anti-AGA effects of P. cuspidatum.

Quantum dots (QDs), nanoscale semiconductor crystals, have emerged as a revolutionary class of nanomaterials with unique optical and electrochemical properties, making them highly promising for applications in disease diagnosis and treatment. Their tunable emission spectra, long-term photostability, high quantum yield, and excellent charge carrier mobility enable precise control over light emission and efficient charge utilization, which are critical for biomedical applications. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the use of quantum dots for disease diagnosis and therapy, highlighting their potential and the challenges involved in clinical translation. Quantum dots can be classified based on their elemental composition and structural configuration. For instance, IB-IIIA-VIA group quantum dots and core-shell structured quantum dots are among the most widely studied types. These classifications are essential for understanding their diverse functionalities and applications. In disease diagnosis, quantum dots have demonstrated remarkable potential due to their high brightness, photostability, and ability to provide precise biomarker detection. They are extensively used in bioimaging technologies, enabling high-resolution imaging of cells, tissues, and even individual biomolecules. As fluorescent markers, quantum dots facilitate cell tracking, biosensing, and the detection of diseases such as cancer, bacterial and viral infections, and immune-related disorders. Their ability to provide real-time, in vivo tracking of cellular processes has opened new avenues for early and accurate disease detection. In the realm of disease treatment, quantum dots serve as versatile nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. Their nanoscale size and surface modifiability allow them to transport therapeutic agents to specific sites, improving drug bioavailability and reducing off-target effects. Additionally, quantum dots have shown promise as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT). When exposed to specific wavelengths of light, quantum dots interact with oxygen molecules to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can selectively destroy malignant cells, vascular lesions, and microbial infections. This targeted approach minimizes damage to healthy tissues, making PDT a promising strategy for treating complex diseases. Despite these advancements, the translation of quantum dots from research to clinical application faces significant challenges. Issues such as toxicity, stability, and scalability in industrial production remain major obstacles. The potential toxicity of quantum dots, particularly to vital organs, has raised concerns about their long-term safety. Researchers are actively exploring strategies to mitigate these risks, including surface modification, coating, and encapsulation techniques, which can enhance biocompatibility and reduce toxicity. Furthermore, improving the stability of quantum dots under physiological conditions is crucial for their effective use in biomedical applications. Advances in surface engineering and the development of novel encapsulation methods have shown promise in addressing these stability concerns. Industrial production of quantum dots also presents challenges, particularly in achieving consistent quality and scalability. Recent innovations in synthesis techniques and manufacturing processes are paving the way for large-scale production, which is essential for their widespread adoption in clinical settings. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research progress in quantum dot applications, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, photodynamic therapy, and pathogen detection. It also discusses the multiple barriers hindering their clinical use and explores potential solutions to overcome these challenges. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the future directions of quantum dot research, emphasizing the need for further studies on toxicity mitigation, stability enhancement, and scalable production. By addressing these critical issues, quantum dots can realize their full potential as transformative tools in disease diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes and advancing biomedical science.

Aim To explore the effect and mechanism of the artesunate(ART)on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The cell lines MHCC-97H and HCC-LM3 were used to be detected.MTT and clone formation were used to determine the cell proliferation;Wound healing was used to detect the cell migration;Transwell was used to test the cell invasion.Flow-cy-tometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cell cy-cle.RNA-seq and qRT-PCR was used to detect the genes expression.Results The proliferation,migra-tion and invasion of treated cells were obviously inhibi-ted(P＜0.01).Moreover,the apoptosis rate in-creased significantly,so did the proportion of G2/M cells.Transcriptomic analysis identified GADD45A as a potential target of ART through RNA-sequencing da-ta,and suggested that ART might induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through regulating the expression of GADD45A.In addition,the results of mechanism studies and signaling analysis suggested that GADD45A had interaction with its upstream gene NACC1(nucle-us accumbens associated 1).Moreover,after ART treatment,the expressions of GADD45A and NACC1 were changed significantly.Conclusion ART may be a potential drug to resist HCC by affecting the expres-sion of GADD45A and its upstream gene NACC1,which provides a new drug,a new direction and a new method for the clinical treatment of HCC.

Objective To observe the safety and effectiveness of single dose intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid(TX-A)in dual level posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF),and to explore the changes and trends in perioperative white blood cell(WBC),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),and C-reactive protein(CRP).Methods Between October 2020 and September 2022,46 patients with lumbar degenerative disease were treated with dual level PLIF,including 18 males and 28 females,with an average age of(60.24±10.68)years old,from 34 to 80 years old.They were divided into observation group and control group according to different treatment methods.There were 28 patients in the observation group,including 12 males and 16 females,with an average age of(61.04±9.03)years old.There were 3 cases with lumbar disc herniation(LDH),lumbar spinal stenosis(LSS)18 cases,lumbar spondylolisthesis(LS)7 cases.TXA(1 g/100 ml)was administered intravenously 15 min before skin incision after general anesthesia.The control group consisted of 18 patients,including 6 males and 12 females,with an average age of(59.00±13.04)years old.There were 5 cases with LDH,LSS 9 cases,LS 4 cases,and TXA was not used.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative drainage volume,postoperative deep vein thrombosis(DVT),postoperative hospital stay,postoperative activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen(FIB),platelet(PLT),red blood cell(RBC),hemoglobin(HB),hematocrit(HCT),the first day,the fourth day,the seventh day and the last tested after operation WBC,ESR and CRP were recorded.Results The postop-erative wounds of the patients healed well and there was no DVT.46 patients were followed up from 3 to 6 months.The intraop-erative blood loss was 400.0(300.0,500.0)ml and the postoperative drainage was 260.0(220.0,450.0)ml in the observation group,which were lower than the control group[600.0(400.0,1000.0)ml,395.0(300.0,450.0)ml],P＜0.05.There was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative APTT,PT,TT,FIB,PLT,RBC,HB,HCT,and postoperative WBC,ESR and CRP at different times(P＞0.05).Conclusion Single dose intravenous infusion of TXA can reduce the blood loss of bi-segmental PLIF,and has no significant effect on WBC,ESR and CRP after op-eration.

Background Sleep quality is one of the important factors affecting soldiers’ task performance. Objective To explore the effects of mindful attention awareness, burnout, and occupational stress on sleep quality among soldiers in plateau areas. Methods A total of 1090 soldiers were selected from four units in plateau areas by cluster sampling method and were asked to participate a cross-sectional questionnaire survey using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQSI), Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI), Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediated effect test were conducted for the study. Results Of the 1090 soldiers recruited, 1082 soldiers returned valid questionnaires, and the valid recovery rate was 99.26%. The median (P₂₅, P₇₅) score of PSQI was 4.00 (2.00,7.00), the median score of OSI was 26.00 (17.00, 34.00), the median score of MBI-GS was 3.53 (3.13, 4.00), and the median score of MAAS was 71.00 (59.00, 82.00). The burnout and mindful attention awareness levels varied among military personnel of different age groups (P<0.05), so did the burnout and occupational stress levels among military personnel of different length of service groups (P<0.05), and the occupational stress, PSQI, burnout, and mindful attention awareness levels among military personnel with different educational backgrounds and genders (P<0.05). The results of mediated effect test showed that occupational stress and burnout had both a parallel mediated effect and a sequential mediating effect on the relationship between mindful attention awareness and sleep quality, with effect sizes of 15.3%, 21.5% and 31.8%, respectively. Conclusion There is a mediated effect on the relationship between mindful attention awareness and sleep quality by the occupational stress and burnout of military personnel in plateau areas, and sleep quality is also affected by mindful attention awareness through the chain-mediated effect of occupational stress and burnout.

Objective To propose a Kaczmarz algorithm-based fast reconstruction method of magnetic particle imaging to solve the problems of magnetic particle tomography in prolonged imaging time and computational complexity.Methods Firstly,the convergence speeds of the classical Kaczmarz algorithm and its variant algorithms were analyzed,and the number of iterations and computational time under arbitrary matrices were calculated.Secondly,the abilities of Euclidean distance and cosine distance in differentiating system data were compared,and the cosine distance-based K-means algorithm was employed to enhance the computational capability of block Kaczmarz algorithm,shorten the system matrix reconstruction time,and ultimately fast reconstruction of magnetic particle imaging was realized.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified through computer simulation.Results The proposed algorithm reduced greatly the reconstruction time and improved the spatial resolution and quality of the reconstructed images.Conclusion The proposed algorithm enables fast reconstruction of magnetic particle imaging and behaves well in reconstruction of data containing noise.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):9-14]

Objective:To construct a microfluidic organ-on-a-chip and evaluate its capability in simulating subchondral bone remodeling during the progression of osteoarthritis.Methods:The chip′s main body was designed based on the microfluidic technology and cell co-culture technique. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured adherently within the cell seeding micro-chamber, with the culture medium perfused at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min at the bottom of the micro-chamber. Evaluation metrics were as follows: (1) Assessment of the microfluidic organ-on-a-chip: The growth culture medium was perfused and simulation experiments were conducted to test the concentration differences and equilibrium times of the fluid inside and at the bottom of the cell seeding micro-chamber at various time points; live-dead staining was performed to observe the biocompatibility of cells cultured continuously for 3 days and 7 days at a set flow rate, which was divided into 3-day and 7-day groups. (2) Osteogenic potential of the microfluidic organ-on-a-chip: The osteogenic induction medium was perfused, and ALP staining and PCR were performed to compare the number of the black alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive cells and the expression levels of osteogenesis-related marker genes including osteoblast-specific transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), type I collagen (COL1A1), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and osteocalcin (OCN) under static, 3-day and 7-day perfusion conditions, which was divided into static non-induced, static-induced and perfusion-induced groups. (3) Characterization of morphology and size, and biocompatibility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) of three osteoblast subtypes: Three different subtypes of osteoblasts were obtained [endothelial-type osteoblasts (EnOB)-EVs, stromal-type osteoblasts (StOB)-EVs and mineralizing-type osteoblasts (MinOB)-EVs]. Their morphology and size were obtained through transmission electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Growth medium containing EVs of three different cell subtypes was perfused, and cell proliferation/apoptosis assay was performed to compare the biocompatibility of the addition of different EVs concentrations (1, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 μg/ml) for 24 hours, which was categorized into the EnOB-EVs group, StOB-EVs group and MinOB-EVs group. (4) Osteogenic effect of EVs from three subtypes of osteoblasts: Osteogenic induction media containing EVs from three different osteoblast subtypes were perfused for 3 days, and ALP staining and PCR were performed to compare the number of black ALP-positive cells and the expression levels of osteogenesis-related marker genes including RUNX2, COL1A1, BMP-2, and OCN, which was divided into non-EVs group, EnOB-EVs group, StOB-EVs group and MinOB-EVs group.Results:(1) Evaluation of the microfluidic organ-on-a-chip: Simulation results showed that the concentration in the top layer of the upper chamber reached more than 95% of that in the lower chamber and that the concentration in the bottom layer was about 96.5% of that in the lower chamber after 12 hours of continuous perfusion, reaching an equilibrium state of the concentration difference between the upper and lower chambers. The results of live-dead staining showed that the chip was biocompatible at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, and the cell survival rate at 3 and 7 days of perfusion was (99.48±0.12)% and (97.07±1.05)% ( P<0.01). (2) ALP staining results showed that at 3 days, the perfusion-induced group showed the highest number of black ALP-positive cells, followed by the static-induced group, and the least in the static non-induced group. At 7 days, the static-induced group had the highest number of black ALP-positive cells, followed by the perfusion-induced group, and the least in the static non-induced group. PCR results indicated that at 3 days, the expression levels of RUNX2, COL1A1, BMP-2, and OCN were 1.00±0.03, 1.00±0.12, 1.00±0.01, and 1.00±0.02 respectively in the static non-induced group; 1.80±0.04, 4.05±0.37, 9.80±1.94, and 4.38±0.89 respectively in the static-induced group, and 2.45±0.23, 5.48±0.42, 91.50±4.56, and 10.82±4.96 respectively in the perfusion-induced group ( P<0.01). At 7 days, the expression levels of RUNX2 was 1.00±0.01 in the static non-induced group, 1.46±0.46 in the static-induced group, and 1.11±0.08 in the perfusion-induced group ( P>0.05); the expression levels of COL1A1, BMP-2, and OCN were 1.00±0.03, 1.00±0.13, and 1.00±0.09 respectively in the static non-induced group, 9.38±0.25, 14.27±4.35, and 84.01±4.02 respectviely in the static-induced group, and 2.39±0.08, 133.64±8.87, and 86.64±8.36 respectively in the perfusion-induced group ( P<0.01). When comparing the static non-induced, static-induced, and perfusion-induced groups at both 3 and 7 days, the perfusion-induced group demonstrated the strongest osteogenic capability. (3) Characterization of morphology and size and biocompatibility of EVs from three osteoblast subtypes: Under the transmission electron microscope, EVs from EnOB-EVs, StOB-EVs, and MinOB-EVs all exhibited a typical saucer-shaped morphology. The particle sizes of EnOB-EVs, StOB-EVs, and MinOB-EVs were (91.3±14.7)nm, (106.0±16.0)nm, and (68.1±10.7)nm, respectively. Cell proliferation/apoptosis assay results indicated that the optimal administration concentration of EnOB-EVs, StOB-EVs, and MinOB-EVs was all 1.25 μg/mL. (4) Validation of osteogenic effect of the microfluidic organ-on-a-chip on three types of EVs: ALP staining results showed that the non-EVs group had the fewest black ALP-positive cells, followed by the EnOB-EVs group, then the StOB-EVs group, and the MinOB-EVs group had the most. PCR results showed that the expression levels of RUNX2, COL1A1, BMP-2, and OCN were 1.00±0.01, 1.00±0.03, 1.00±0.02, and 1.00±0.02 respectively in the non-EVs group, 1.95±0.11, 6.78±2.04, 7.99±0.57, and 6.93±3.83 repectively in the EnOB-EVs group, 0.79±0.12, 5.68±1.53, 12.59±3.15, and 25.59±0.95 respectively in the StOB-EVs group, and 0.68±0.10, 4.36±0.69, 18.75±3.21, and 34.74±3.98 repectively in the MinOB-EVs group ( P<0.01). Compared with the non-EVs group, EnOB-EVs group, StOB-EVs group, and MinOB-EVs group, the MinOB-EVs group showed the most significant osteogenic effect. Conclusions:The microfluidic organ-on-a-chip constructed using microfluidic technology and cell co-culture techniques is capable of maintaining the normal growth of MC3T3-E1 cells, enhancing their proliferation and osteogenic induction differentiation. EVs released by osteoblasts at different stages possess osteogenic effects and can accelerate the bone sclerosis in the remodeling of subchondral bone during the progression of osteoarthritis.

In this study, the effective substance group and molecular mechanism of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Persicae Semen combination (RRR-PS) in activating blood circulation and dispelling blood stasis were investigated by integrating efficacy experiments, network pharmacology and HPLC. The rat model of blood stasis syndrome was established, and the blood rheology index and coagulation four comprehensive evaluation were carried out. The results showed that compared with the model group, the whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and erythrocyte aggregation index of the rats in the RRR-PS group were significantly callback (P < 0.01). Network pharmacology found that RRR-PS combination exerted the effect of activating blood circulation and dispelling blood stasis by acting on calmodulin-1 (CALM1), nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2), glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and other targets, regulating platelet activation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) and other signaling pathways, and found key components: sennoside B, (+)-catechin, emodin, physcion, rhein, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, gallic acid. HPLC was used to explore the dissolution rate of key components. The results showed that the contents of catechin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were significantly increased after RRR-PS combination (P < 0.01). In summary, RRR-PS has a significant effect on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and its mechanism of action is related to promoting angiogenesis, anti-coagulation, anti-thrombosis and anti-inflammation. The efficacy is related to the change of solvent system and the large dissolution of catechin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion after the RRR-PS combination. The results of the study can further provide a reference for the follow-up study on the active substances and mechanism of the RRR-PS combination. Animal experiments have been approved by the Experimental Animal Committee of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. SUCMDL20210309002).