AIM To study the secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungi Candida sp.of Berberis atrocarpa Schneid.METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction and petroleum ether fraction from the secondary metabolites of Candida sp.fermentation extract were separated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and preparative liquid chromatography,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol(1),4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol(2),4-hydroxybenzoic acid(3),4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(4),3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(5),3-methylsulfinyl propionic acid(6),phenylacetic acid(7),(S)-N-nitroso-1-amino-p-hydroxy phenylethanol(8),2-phenylacetamide(9),p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(10),ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate(11),dibutyl phthalate(12),5,5'-dimethoxybiphenyl-2,2'-diol(13),3-indolealdehyde(14),N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine(15),9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid(16),9-hydroxy-10E,12E-octadecadienoic acid(17),(6E)-5-methylene-6-tetradecenoic acid(18).CONCLUSION Compounds 1,3-8 and 10-18 are isolated from Candida sp for the first time.

Eleven compounds were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate part of 80% ethanol extract of Ferula feruloides root by a combination of normal-phase silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 dextran gel column chromatography and semi-preparative liquid chromatography and then modern wave spectrometry methods (NMR, MS, UV, IR) were used to identify the structures of the compounds, which were identified as baigene D (1), baigene E (2), baigene F (3), β-kirialovin (4), α-kirialovin (5), falcarindiol (6), ammoresinol (7), dshamirone (8), 2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-2S*,3R*-dimethyl-3-[4-methyl-5-(4-methy1-2-furyl)-3(E)-pentenyl]-furo[3,2-c]coumarin (9), 2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-2S*,3R*-dimethyl-2-[4,8-dimethyl-3(E),7-nonadi-enyl]-furo[3,2-c]coumarin (10), and baigene C (11). Compounds 1-3 are new coumarin analogues, and compounds 4-6 are firstly isolated from F. feruloides. The anti-proliferative activity of compounds 5, 7-11 against human gastric cancer (MKN-45) cells was evaluated using MTT assay, which showed that compounds 7-11 exhibited strong inhibitory activity, and compound 5 exhibited weak inhibitory activity.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate fraction of the branches of Morus nigra L.and their glucose uptake activities.METHODS The extract was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.L6 cells were used to evaluate glucose uptake activities.RESULTS Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified as (R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,9-trihydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydropyranochromone ( 1 ),moracin C ( 2 ),nigranol C ( 3 ),nigragenon E (4),8-prenylquercetin (5),nigrasin I (6),sinopodophylline B (7),kuwanon C (8),gancaonin O (9),albanin A ( 10 ),6-O-methyl-moracin M ( 11 ),wittifuran W ( 12 ),8-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5-one (13),norartocarpanone (14),norartocarpetin (15),nigrasin D (16).The glucose uptake of compounds 4 and 13 was 1.97 times and 2.78 times that of the control group,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1 is a novel natural product,5,7,9,12,13 and 15 are isolated from M.nigra for the first time.Compounds 4 and 13 can significantly promote the glucose uptake in L6 cells,showing strong hypoglycemic activities.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate fraction of the branches of Morus nigra L.and their glucose uptake activities.METHODS The extract was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.L6 cells were used to evaluate glucose uptake activities.RESULTS Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified as (R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,9-trihydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydropyranochromone ( 1 ),moracin C ( 2 ),nigranol C ( 3 ),nigragenon E (4),8-prenylquercetin (5),nigrasin I (6),sinopodophylline B (7),kuwanon C (8),gancaonin O (9),albanin A ( 10 ),6-O-methyl-moracin M ( 11 ),wittifuran W ( 12 ),8-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5-one (13),norartocarpanone (14),norartocarpetin (15),nigrasin D (16).The glucose uptake of compounds 4 and 13 was 1.97 times and 2.78 times that of the control group,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1 is a novel natural product,5,7,9,12,13 and 15 are isolated from M.nigra for the first time.Compounds 4 and 13 can significantly promote the glucose uptake in L6 cells,showing strong hypoglycemic activities.

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of hyperlipidemia in adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and explore the effect of genetic and environmental factors on hyperlipidemia. Methods: Twins recruited from the CNTR in 11 project areas across China were included in the study. A total of 69 130 (34 565 pairs) of adult twins with complete information on hyperlipidemia were selected for analysis. The random effect model was used to characterize the population and regional distribution of hyperlipidemia among twins. The concordance rates of hyperlipidemia were calculated in monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ), respectively, to estimate the heritability. Results: The age of all participants was (34.2±12.4) years. This study's prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 1.3% (895/69 130). Twin pairs who were men, older, living in urban areas, married,had junior college degree or above, overweight, obese, insufficient physical activity, current smokers, ex-smokers, current drinkers, and ex-drinkers had a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (P<0.05). In within-pair analysis, the concordance rate of hyperlipidemia was 29.1% (118/405) in MZ and 18.1% (57/315) in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hyperlipidemia in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. Further, in within-same-sex twin pair analyses, the heritability of hyperlipidemia was 13.04% (95%CI: 2.61%-23.47%) in the northern group and 18.59% (95%CI: 4.43%-32.74%) in the female group, respectively. Conclusions: Adult twins were included in this study and were found to have a lower prevalence of hyperlipidemia than in the general population study, with population and regional differences. Genetic factors influence hyperlipidemia, but the genetic effect may vary with gender and area.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Diseases in Twins/genetics* ; Hyperlipidemias/genetics* ; Metabolic Diseases ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics*

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of type 2 diabetes in twins in Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), provide clues and evidence for revealing the influence of genetic and environmental factors for type 2 diabetes. Methods: Of all twins registered in the CNTR during 2010-2018, a total 18 855 twin pairs aged ≥30 years with complete registration information were included in the analysis. The random effect model was used to describe the population and area distribution characteristics and concordance of type 2 diabetes in twin pairs. Results: The mean age of the subjects was (42.8±10.2) years, the study subjects included 10 339 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and 8 516 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. The self-reported prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes was 2.2% in total population and there was no sighificant difference between MZ and DZ. Intra-twin pairs analysis showed that the concordance rate of type 2 diabetes was 38.2% in MZ twin pairs, and 16.0% in DZ twin pairs, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The concordance rate of type 2 diabetes in MZ twin parts was higher than that in DZ twin pairs in both men and women, in different age groups and in different areas (P<0.05). Further stratified analysis showed that in northern China, only MZ twin pairs less than 60 years old were found to have a higher concordance rate of type 2 diabetes compared with DZ twin pairs (P<0.05). In southern China, the co-prevalence rate in male MZ twin pairs aged ≥60 years was still higher than that in DZ twin pairs (P<0.05). Conclusion: The twin pairs in this study had a lower self-reported prevalence of type 2 diabetes than the general population. The study results suggested that genetic factors play a role in type 2 diabetes prevalence in both men and women, in different age groups and in different areas, however, the effect might vary.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics* ; Diseases in Twins/genetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Registries ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics*

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of coronary heart disease in adult twins recruited from Chinese Twin Registry (CNTR), and provide clues and evidence for the effect of genetic and environmental influences on coronary heart disease. Methods: By using the data of CNTR during 2010-2018, a total of 34 583 twin pairs aged ≥18 years who completed questionnaire survey and had related information were included in the current study to analyze the population and area distribution characteristics of coronary heart disease. Random effect models were used to compare the differences between groups. The concordane rate of coronary heart disease were calculated respectively in monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs to estimate the heritability. Results: The twin pairs included in this analysis were aged (34.2±12.4) years. The overall prevalence rate of coronary heart disease in twin pairs was 0.7%. Twin pairs who were women, older, obese and lived in northern China had higher prevalence of coronary heart disease (P<0.05). Intra-pair analysis in the same-sex twin pairs found that the concordane rate of coronary heart disease was higher in MZ twin pairs (25.3%) than in DZ twins (7.4%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The overall heritability of coronary heart disease was 19.3% (95%CI: 11.8%-26.8%). Stratified by gender, age and area, the concordane rate was still higher in MZ twin pairs than in DZ pairs. Participants who were women, aged 18-30 years or ≥60 years and lived in northern China had a higher heritability of coronary heart disease. Conclusion: The distribution of coronary heart disease in twin pairs differed in populations and areas. The prevalence of coronary heart disease was affected by genetic factors, but the effect varied with age, gender and area.
Adolescent ; Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Coronary Disease/genetics* ; Diseases in Twins/genetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics*

The ethyl acetate part of the alcoholic extract of Cordia dichotoma fruits was purified by a combination of normal-phase silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC, and the structure was identified by modern spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, MS, NMR). A total of 10 compounds were isolated and identified as cordilide (1), (S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid (2), vanillic acid (3), p-coumaric acid (4), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one (5), benzoic acid (6), p-hydroxypropiophenone (7), p-hydroxyacetophenone (8), 5′-methoxyevofolin B (9) and vanillin (10). Among them, compound 1 is a pair of new phenylpropanoid enantiomers, and compounds 3, 6, 8 and 9 were isolated for the first time from the genus.

Objective::Based on gene array technology, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune infiltration analysis were performed on chip data of intracranial aneurysm (IA) mRNA expression profile, in order to provide theoretical basis for understanding the formation mechanism of IA. Method::The GSE75436 raw data were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO). GSEA of biological process (BP) in gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto gene and genome encyclopedia (KEGG) signaling pathways were analyzed for gene expression profile by R software. The CIBERSORT deconvolution method was used to analyze the infiltration ratio of 22 types of immune cells in the expression profile. And COREMINE database was used to predict traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which were significant correlation with the enrichment result. Result::The GSEA results showed that the changes in gene expression of IA samples mainly involved in the regulation of cytokines, activation and differentiation of leukocyte, inflammatory immune response and other processes. The infiltration matrix analysis of immune cells showed that mast cells resting and neutrophils were significantly reduced in IA samples. The comparison of paired samples showed that mast cells and natural killer cells (NK cells) were significantly activated in the IA samples of the same individual, while neutrophils and T cells CD4 naive were significantly reduced. Through COREMINE prediction, it was found that Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix was correlated with the activation of granulocytes, Sapindi Mukorossi Semen and Pistaciae Chinensis Cortex were correlated with the activation of neutrophils, Trichosanthis Semen, Paeoniae Radix Alba and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus were correlated with the cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells. Conclusion::Activation of mast cells and NK cells are closely associated with the occurrence and development of IA. The inflammatory immune processes and pathways such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway and cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells may be important factors in the pathogenesis of IA, and TCMs such as Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix may be the potential molecular drug sources.