Lung cancer poses a serious threat to global public health security.Chemotherapy,as the main strategy for cancer treatment,faces challenges such as high toxicity and drug resistance.Anticancer peptides have the potential of being developed into new anticancer drugs due to their advantages of broad-spectrum anticancer activity,rapid action,and difficulty in generating drug resistance,but they also face shortcomings such as weak activity and strong toxic side effects.The weakly acidic microenvironment of tumors(pH 6.5-6.8)provides a good idea for the design of anticancer peptides of high-efficiency and low-toxicity.Previously,we designed the acid-sensitive antibacterial peptide pHly-1 using the wolf spider(Lycosa singoriensis)toxin Lycosin-Ⅰ as a template.In this study,we found that pHly-1 also had acid-sensitive anticancer activity.Further alanine scanning analysis of pHly-1 was carried out,and we ob-tained a mutant pHTP-2 with better acid sensitivity,whose IC50(half maximal inhibitory concentration)against A549 cells was 15.68 μmol/L at pH 6.6 and was greater than 100 μmol/L at pH 7.4.At pH 6.6,pHTP-2 could act on various lung cancer cell lines and induce the death of A549 cells by rapid ly-sis;at pH 7.4,500 μmol/L pHTP-2 had weak toxicity to red blood cells(the hemolysis rate was ap-proximately 38％)and primary myocardial cells(the inhibition rate was 49.7％,with P＜0.05).Analy-sis of its charge,particle size,morphology,and secondary structure showed that at pH 6.6,the histidine in the sequence of pHTP-2 was protonated,increasing the positive charge(P＜0.01),decreasing the hy-drated particle size(P＜0.05)and forming an α-helical structure to induce membrane lysis of A549 cells.At pH 7.4,it was deprotonated,the positive charge decreases,a β-sheet structure was formed and self-aggregation occurred,limiting its effect on the A549 cell membrane and showing weak activity.In summary,pHTP-2 could respond to the weakly acidic microenvironment of tumors to exert selective cyto-toxic activity,effectively overcoming the shortcomings of anticancer peptides such as low efficiency and high toxicity.Our findings suggest that it is a high-quality lead molecule for anticancer drugs.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features of traditional serrated adenoma(TSA).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data,endoscopic,and pathological features of 200 TSA patients.HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed.The clinical pathological features were statistically analyzed using x2 test,and relevant literature was reviewed.Results There were 114 males(57.0％)and 86 females(43.0％),with ages ranging from 27 to 92 years(mean age 56.2 years).Among the patients,147(73.5％)were aged ≥ 50 years,and 53(26.5％)were aged＜50 years.Of the 207 TSA lesions,143(69.1％)were located in the distal colon and rectum,while 57(27.5％)were in the proximal colon and rectum.Endoscopic features included 72 lesions(34.8％)with a perpendiculated appearance,48 lesions(23.2％)with a flat appear-ance,and some exhibiting a pinecone-like appearance.The maximum diameter of the lesions was ≤ 10 mm in 136 ca-ses(65.7％),and＞10 mm in 71 cases(34.3％).The typical histopathological features of TSA included serrated contours,eosinophilic cytoplasm,pencil-like nuclei,and ectopic crypt foci.The most common pathological type was the classic TSA(152 lesions,73.4％),followed by the mucin-rich TSA(39 lesions,18.8％).12 cases(5.8％)of TSA exhibited high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN)and 3 case(1.5％)of TSA progressed to carcinoma,con-sistent with TSA-originated colorectal cancer(TSA-CRC).Immunophenotype:in 34 cases TSA,Ki67 showed diffuse positivity in basal cells and scattered positivity on the surface.In all 35 cases TSA,p53 showed weak positive nuclear positivity(1％to 60％),and PTEN and MLH1 were retained.In the 12 cases of TSA with HGIN and 3 cases of TSA-CRC,Ki67 showed diffusely positive,CK20 was strongly positive diffusely,and MLH1 was retained.In 9 cases of TSA with HGIN,p53 was diffusely strongly positive,and in 12 cases,PTEN was lost.All 3 cases of TSA-CRC showed dif-fuse strong nuclear p53 positivity.The molecular detection showed there were BRAF V600E gene mutation in 8 cases.There were 6 cases with KRAS G12V mutation as well as 1 case with KRAS G13D mutation among the 7 cases of KRAS mutation.The primary surgical approach(111 cases,53.6％)was endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR).Conclu-sion TSA exhibits characteristic histological and endoscopic features.Lesions with a maximum diameter＞10 mum are more likely to progress to HGIN or adenocarcinoma.It is crucial to enhance the awareness of pathologists and clini-cians,particularly regarding TSA with atypical hyperplasia or invasive carcinoma,to avoid misdiagnosis and missed di-agnoses.

The working principle of Bausch&Lomb BL11110 phacoemulsification system was described.Three cases of typical faults of the phacoemulsification system were introduced,and the causes were analyzed,then the maintenance measures were given accordingly.References were provided for diagnosing and eliminating the faults of the phacoemulsification system.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):118-120]

Vaccine immunization is the most effective and cost-efficient method for infectious disease prevention and control.Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia(caused by the novel coronavirus,COVID-19)at the end of 2019,third generation mRNA nucleic acid vaccines has been applied to stop viral spread.mRNA vaccines,rather than relying on the immune activation mode of traditional vaccines,are an innovative breakthrough using the body's own cells to produce antigens,thereby activating double specific immunity,forming immune memory,and providing more lasting specific immunity.Com-pared with the traditional first-generation(inactivated)and second-generation(genetically engineered)vaccines,mRNA vac-cines,because of the advantages provided by this platform,play important roles in the prevention and control of major sudden infectious diseases.Consequently,mRNA vaccines were the world's first COVID-19 vaccines to be applied clinically,thus ser-ving as a barometer in the field of vaccine research and development.Herein,the molecular design and presentation of mRNA vaccines,and the molecular mechanisms of their activation of the immune response are reviewed,to provide a theoretical basis for future application of novel mRNA vaccines in the prevention and control of animal infectious diseases.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features of traditional serrated adenoma(TSA).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data,endoscopic,and pathological features of 200 TSA patients.HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed.The clinical pathological features were statistically analyzed using x2 test,and relevant literature was reviewed.Results There were 114 males(57.0％)and 86 females(43.0％),with ages ranging from 27 to 92 years(mean age 56.2 years).Among the patients,147(73.5％)were aged ≥ 50 years,and 53(26.5％)were aged＜50 years.Of the 207 TSA lesions,143(69.1％)were located in the distal colon and rectum,while 57(27.5％)were in the proximal colon and rectum.Endoscopic features included 72 lesions(34.8％)with a perpendiculated appearance,48 lesions(23.2％)with a flat appear-ance,and some exhibiting a pinecone-like appearance.The maximum diameter of the lesions was ≤ 10 mm in 136 ca-ses(65.7％),and＞10 mm in 71 cases(34.3％).The typical histopathological features of TSA included serrated contours,eosinophilic cytoplasm,pencil-like nuclei,and ectopic crypt foci.The most common pathological type was the classic TSA(152 lesions,73.4％),followed by the mucin-rich TSA(39 lesions,18.8％).12 cases(5.8％)of TSA exhibited high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN)and 3 case(1.5％)of TSA progressed to carcinoma,con-sistent with TSA-originated colorectal cancer(TSA-CRC).Immunophenotype:in 34 cases TSA,Ki67 showed diffuse positivity in basal cells and scattered positivity on the surface.In all 35 cases TSA,p53 showed weak positive nuclear positivity(1％to 60％),and PTEN and MLH1 were retained.In the 12 cases of TSA with HGIN and 3 cases of TSA-CRC,Ki67 showed diffusely positive,CK20 was strongly positive diffusely,and MLH1 was retained.In 9 cases of TSA with HGIN,p53 was diffusely strongly positive,and in 12 cases,PTEN was lost.All 3 cases of TSA-CRC showed dif-fuse strong nuclear p53 positivity.The molecular detection showed there were BRAF V600E gene mutation in 8 cases.There were 6 cases with KRAS G12V mutation as well as 1 case with KRAS G13D mutation among the 7 cases of KRAS mutation.The primary surgical approach(111 cases,53.6％)was endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR).Conclu-sion TSA exhibits characteristic histological and endoscopic features.Lesions with a maximum diameter＞10 mum are more likely to progress to HGIN or adenocarcinoma.It is crucial to enhance the awareness of pathologists and clini-cians,particularly regarding TSA with atypical hyperplasia or invasive carcinoma,to avoid misdiagnosis and missed di-agnoses.

The working principle of Bausch&Lomb BL11110 phacoemulsification system was described.Three cases of typical faults of the phacoemulsification system were introduced,and the causes were analyzed,then the maintenance measures were given accordingly.References were provided for diagnosing and eliminating the faults of the phacoemulsification system.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):118-120]

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

[Objective]To investigate and explore the characteristics and influencing factors of glucose metabolism in children with β-thalassemia major(β-TM)after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).[Methods]The follow-up data of 41 patients with β-TM who underwent HSCT at Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Department of Children's Medical Center of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed.Their glucose metabolism characteristics were evaluated through laboratory tests and the related influencing factors were analyzed.[Results]In the study,41.46％(17/41)of patients developed abnormal glucose homeostasis after HSCT.Among them,82.35％(14/17)characterized by insulin resistance,but no cases of diabetes mellitus were found.The results of insulin releasing test and oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)showed that 45.00％(9/20)of patients had abnormal insulin releasing curve and 40.0％(8/20)had delayed serum glucose peak.The average age of HSCT in abnormal glucose homeostasis group was significantly older than that in the normal glucose homeostasis group[(8.8±3.9)years old vs(6.0±3.1)years old,P=0.015].[Conclusions]Patients with β-TM after HSCT may develop abnormal glucose homeostasis,consists largely of insulin resistance.The elder age of HSCT(≥7 years old)is a risk factor for abnormal glucose homeostasis in β-TM patients after HSCT.It is recommended to regularly monitor glucose metabolism indicators in β-TM children after HSCT,especially in elderly transplant recipients.

Objective:To evaluate the early outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and discuss the revisions post THA in the treatment for Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) with severe hip problems.Methods:This retrospective cohort study enrolled 50 patients (64 hips) with a mean age of 52.4±8.7 years, including 25 male patients and 25 female patients (36 left hips and 28 right hips), who were diagnosed as KBD with hip problems and received THA at Arthritis Clinical and Research Centre, Peking University People's Hospital from October 2019 to January 2024. The leg length discrepancy (LLD), femoral offset (FO), abduction angle and anteversion angle were calculated preoperatively and one week post-operation. The postoperative radiological indexes and the functional outcomes in the last follow-up were compared with the preoperative assessment.Results:The surgical duration was 105(80, 120) min and the bleeding amount was 300(200, 400) ml. All the cases were followed up for an average of 37 months (ranging from 21 to 44 months). Significant differences were found on postoperative radiological images, with LLD improving to 0.50±0.78 cm from a preoperative value of -1.36±0.79 cm, and FO increasing to 3.28±1.01 cm from 2.72±0.83 cm ( P<0.05). The mean postoperative abduction angle and anteversion angle were 42.5°±7.7° and 15.1°±5.9°, respectively. A total of 71.8% and 95.3% hips fell within the Lewinnek safe zones of abduction angle and anteversion angle, respectively. In terms of functional outcomes, the average range of motion improved significantly to 185°(173°, 210°) from a preoperative value of 99°(76°, 123°), and the Harris Hip Score increased from 35(26, 43) preoperatively to 70(63, 80) postoperatively ( P<0.05). During the follow-up, there were complications for two cases of femoral stem loosening, one case of periprosthetic femoral fracture, one case of hip dislocation, and one case of acetabular component loosening with hip subluxation. Additionally, seven patients exhibited Trendelenburg gait. A total of five hips required revision surgery due to severe complications, including two cases of femoral stem loosening, one case of periprosthetic femoral fracture, one case of hip dislocation, and one case of acetabular component loosening with subluxation. Conclusions:Patients with KBD demonstrated significant early improvements in both radiological and functional outcomes following THA.

Aim To establish an animal model of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)integrating blood stasis syndrome and syndrome evaluation indicators.Methods Twenty-five SD rats were ran-domly divided according to body weight into a control group(8 rats)and a modeling group(17 rats).The modeling group was fed a high-sugar and high-fat diet for four weeks and induced to form diabetic rats by intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg·kg-1 streptozocin.The modeling rats were randomly divided into the DKD group and blood stasis syndrome combination group accord-ing to 24-hour urinary protein(24-hUP).The blood stasis syn-drome combination group was induced to replicate the DKD blood stasis syndrome model by injecting 10％high molecular weight D-glucoside three times at a dose of 0.05 mg·kg-1 via tail vein.The model was evaluated based on random blood glu-cose level,24-hUP level,syndrome assessment,pathological staining etc,and differential metabolites were selected using metabolomics.Results The comprehensive evaluation of syn-drome manifestations and pathological staining in the combined model of blood stasis syndrome in rats demonstrated successful replication.Utilizing the technique of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,22 differential metabolites were identified,with associated pathways showing a certain relevance to blood stasis syndrome in DKD.Conclusions The successful replica-tion of an animal model combining the syndrome of blood stasis in DKD has been achieved in this study.Evaluation of indicators and results from metabolomics studies consistently demonstrate a correlation with the syndrome of blood stasis in DKD.