Purpose: The role of the Clinical Treatment Score post-5 years (CTS5) in male breast cancer (MBC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of CTS5 between MBC and female breast cancer (FBC). Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative/estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer between 2010 and 2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model were used for statistical analysis. Results: This study included 169,869 patients, comprising 168,422 (99.1%) FBC and 1,447 (0.9%) MBC patients. More MBC patients had intermediate risk (IR)/high risk (HR) disease compared to FBC patients (17.7% vs. 8.7%, p < 0.001). MBC patients had an inferior overall survival (OS) but similar breast cancer-specific survival compared to those with FBC. Sensitivity analyses showed that sex was an independent prognostic factor associated with OS but not breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in both the low-risk (LR) and IR/HR cohorts. Those with MBC exhibited significantly worse OS (p < 0.001) than FBC patients in both cohorts. In MBC patients, those with IR/HR disease had significantly worse OS (p < 0.001) and BCSS (p < 0.001) compared to those with LR disease. For FBC patients, the IR/HR group had also significantly worse OS (p < 0.001) and BCSS (p < 0.001) compared to the LR group. Conclusion Our findings highlight critical differences in clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes between MBC and FBC, suggesting the need for sex-tailored approaches in breast cancer management.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at the front-Mu points and the lower He-sea points combined with Western medication in the treatment of diarrhea induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs,as well as the effects on clinical symptoms and serum albumin.Methods:Seventy patients with diarrhea caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the different treatment methods,with 35 cases in each group.Both groups were treated with the same Western medication,and the observation group was additionally treated with acupuncture at the front-Mu points and the lower He-sea points.After treatment,changes in the Hart score,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptom score,and serum albumin were observed in both groups.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the Hart score,TCM symptom score,and serum albumin level between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).No adverse reactions occurred during treatment in either group.After 3 d of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 68.6%,which was higher than 25.7%of the control group(P<0.01);after 7 d of treatment,the total effective rate of both the observation group and the control group was 100.0%,but the cured rate of the observation group was 80.0%,which was significantly higher than 2.9%of the control group(P<0.01).The Hart score and TCM symptom score of both groups after 3 d and 7 d of treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).After 7 d of treatment,the albumin level of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The addition of acupuncture at the front-Mu points combined with lower He-sea points to routine Western mediation treatment for diarrhea induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs is more effective than Western medication alone and can improve the clinical symptoms and nutritional status of the patients at an early stage.

Objective To compare the impact of NaClO and EDTA pretreatment on the enamel surfaces pore exposure rate,resin in-filtration effectiveness and shear bond strength between the enamel white spot lesions(WSLs)and resin composite.Methods A total of 104 sound premolars were selected for the study.4 mm×4 mm×2 mm enamel blocks from 64 sound premolars were cut in the center of the buccal surfaces of the teeth.All blocks were randomly divided into five groups:group SE(sound enamels as negative control);group DE(enamel blocks demineralised as positive control);group RI(resin infiltration);group N/RI(5.25％NaClO pretreatment and resin infiltration)and group E/RI(17％EDTA pretreatment and resin infiltration).The pore exposure rate of enamel surfaces and resin penetration depths were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and confocallaser scanning microscopy(CLSM)in each group.The remaining 40 premolars were cut from the cervical roots and the residual crowns were embedded in self-condensing resin ma-terial(buccal surfaces of the enamel exposed only).According to the grouping information,the samples were given the corresponding pretreatments and resin infiltration respectively and were bonded with a cylindrical resin cylinder on the buccal enamel surface for shear bond test.The shear bond strength and fracture modes were recorded and analyzed in each group.Results Compared to group RI,the pore exposure rate of the enamel surface,resin penetration depths,and percentage of resin penetration area in the N/RI and E/RI groups were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The shear bond strength of the samples in group SE was the highest,and the lowest in group DE.Compared to group DE,the shear bond strength in groups RI,N/RI,and E/RI was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Con-clusion Enamel surface pretreatment with 5.25％NaClO or 17％EDTA has been demonstrated to effectively enhance the enamel pore exposure rate,resin penetration depth and the shear bond strength between WSLs and resin composite.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at the front-Mu points and the lower He-sea points combined with Western medication in the treatment of diarrhea induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs,as well as the effects on clinical symptoms and serum albumin.Methods:Seventy patients with diarrhea caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the different treatment methods,with 35 cases in each group.Both groups were treated with the same Western medication,and the observation group was additionally treated with acupuncture at the front-Mu points and the lower He-sea points.After treatment,changes in the Hart score,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptom score,and serum albumin were observed in both groups.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the Hart score,TCM symptom score,and serum albumin level between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).No adverse reactions occurred during treatment in either group.After 3 d of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 68.6%,which was higher than 25.7%of the control group(P<0.01);after 7 d of treatment,the total effective rate of both the observation group and the control group was 100.0%,but the cured rate of the observation group was 80.0%,which was significantly higher than 2.9%of the control group(P<0.01).The Hart score and TCM symptom score of both groups after 3 d and 7 d of treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).After 7 d of treatment,the albumin level of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The addition of acupuncture at the front-Mu points combined with lower He-sea points to routine Western mediation treatment for diarrhea induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs is more effective than Western medication alone and can improve the clinical symptoms and nutritional status of the patients at an early stage.

Objective To compare the impact of NaClO and EDTA pretreatment on the enamel surfaces pore exposure rate,resin in-filtration effectiveness and shear bond strength between the enamel white spot lesions(WSLs)and resin composite.Methods A total of 104 sound premolars were selected for the study.4 mm×4 mm×2 mm enamel blocks from 64 sound premolars were cut in the center of the buccal surfaces of the teeth.All blocks were randomly divided into five groups:group SE(sound enamels as negative control);group DE(enamel blocks demineralised as positive control);group RI(resin infiltration);group N/RI(5.25％NaClO pretreatment and resin infiltration)and group E/RI(17％EDTA pretreatment and resin infiltration).The pore exposure rate of enamel surfaces and resin penetration depths were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and confocallaser scanning microscopy(CLSM)in each group.The remaining 40 premolars were cut from the cervical roots and the residual crowns were embedded in self-condensing resin ma-terial(buccal surfaces of the enamel exposed only).According to the grouping information,the samples were given the corresponding pretreatments and resin infiltration respectively and were bonded with a cylindrical resin cylinder on the buccal enamel surface for shear bond test.The shear bond strength and fracture modes were recorded and analyzed in each group.Results Compared to group RI,the pore exposure rate of the enamel surface,resin penetration depths,and percentage of resin penetration area in the N/RI and E/RI groups were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The shear bond strength of the samples in group SE was the highest,and the lowest in group DE.Compared to group DE,the shear bond strength in groups RI,N/RI,and E/RI was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Con-clusion Enamel surface pretreatment with 5.25％NaClO or 17％EDTA has been demonstrated to effectively enhance the enamel pore exposure rate,resin penetration depth and the shear bond strength between WSLs and resin composite.

Objective:To gain an in-depth understanding of the barriers to active management in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and to provide evidence for targeted interventions.Methods:A descriptive qualitative research method was adopted. Using purposive sampling, a total of 14 elderly CHF patients admitted to the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, from January to February 2025 were selected as study participants. Based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), a semi-structured in-depth interview guide was developed. NVivo 12.0 software was used to organize and code the data, and directed content analysis was applied.Results:Eight TDF-related domains of barriers were identified and summarized into four themes: misconceptions of disease and information processing barriers (knowledge; memory, attention, and decision processes) ; dependence on family members and limited accessibility of medical resources (social influence; environmental context and resources) ; negative goal motivation and low management confidence (goals; beliefs about consequences and capabilities) ; and emotional management obstacles and fatigue from self-regulation (emotion) .Conclusions:On the basis of meeting elderly CHF patients' knowledge needs, healthcare professionals should expand their access to information, improve social support systems, stimulate intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy, and alleviate negative emotions and fatigue related to self-regulation, thereby enhancing the positivity of self-health management and achieving sustainability in health management.

BACKGROUND:Non-traumatic necrosis of the femoral head is a difficult joint disease,and preserving one's own femoral head is of great significance for young patients.Currently,there is a lack of regular and unified functional exercise plans.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of hip abductor muscle exercise on the three-dimensional gait and collapse rate of patients with non-traumatic femoral head necrosis,and to provide theoretical basis for effective rehabilitation of patients with non-traumatic femoral head necrosis.METHODS:Totally 81 non-traumatic and non-surgical patients with femoral head necrosis(81 hips)admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from June 2020 to June 2022 were included.Patients were randomly divided into a control group(n=40)and a hip abductor muscle exercise group(n=41).The control group received routine physical therapy and medication treatment.The hip abductor muscle exercise group underwent hip abductor muscle exercise on the basis of the control group.The gait status(hip joint range of motion,step length difference,and ground contact time difference)of two groups of patients was evaluated using the Tecnobody balance assessment system before and 12 weeks after treatment.The BIODEX-S4 isokinetic muscle strength testing system was used to test the peak force distance of hip abduction isokinetic muscle strength.Gluteus medius width ratio was compared between two groups.The collapse rate was compared between two groups of patients 1 year after treatment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There was no statistically significant difference between the hip abductor muscle exercise group and the control group in terms of age,gender,side profile,body mass index,and etiology(P＞0.05).(2)Before treatment,there was no significant statistical difference in the range of motion of the affected hip joint between the two groups(P＞0.05).After treatment,the range of motion of the affected hip joint in both groups improved compared to before treatment(P＜0.05),and the range of motion of the affected hip joint in the hip abductor muscle exercise group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).(3)Before treatment,there was no significant statistical difference in the step length and touchdown time between the two groups(P＞0.05).12 weeks after treatment,the difference in step length and touchdown time between the two groups decreased compared to before treatment(P＜0.05),and the difference in step length and touchdown time between the hip abductor muscle exercise group after treatment was significantly greater than that of the control group(P＜0.05).(4)Before treatment,there was no significant statistical difference in gluteus medius width ratio between the two groups(P＞0.05).12 weeks after treatment,the gluteus medius width ratio of both groups increased compared to that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the gluteus medius width ratio of the hip abductor muscle exercise group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).(5)At 1 year after treatment,the comparison of femoral head collapse rates between the two groups showed significant statistical significance(P＜0.05),and that in the hip abductor muscle exercise group(22％)was significantly lower than that in the control group(45％).(6)It is concluded that exercise of the hip abductor muscle effectively enhances hip joint function,improves gait,and reduces the rate of femoral head collapse in patients with non-traumatic femoral head necrosis.It is recommended to use hip abductor muscle exercise as one of the basic methods for hip preservation in non-traumatic femoral head necrosis.

Objective:To gain an in-depth understanding of the barriers to active management in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and to provide evidence for targeted interventions.Methods:A descriptive qualitative research method was adopted. Using purposive sampling, a total of 14 elderly CHF patients admitted to the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, from January to February 2025 were selected as study participants. Based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), a semi-structured in-depth interview guide was developed. NVivo 12.0 software was used to organize and code the data, and directed content analysis was applied.Results:Eight TDF-related domains of barriers were identified and summarized into four themes: misconceptions of disease and information processing barriers (knowledge; memory, attention, and decision processes) ; dependence on family members and limited accessibility of medical resources (social influence; environmental context and resources) ; negative goal motivation and low management confidence (goals; beliefs about consequences and capabilities) ; and emotional management obstacles and fatigue from self-regulation (emotion) .Conclusions:On the basis of meeting elderly CHF patients' knowledge needs, healthcare professionals should expand their access to information, improve social support systems, stimulate intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy, and alleviate negative emotions and fatigue related to self-regulation, thereby enhancing the positivity of self-health management and achieving sustainability in health management.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

Malnutrition significantly impacts patient outcomes and prognosis.Enteral nutrition(EN)serves as a critical nutritional support strategy for hospitalized patients,particularly those who are critically ill,by effectively addressing malnutrition.However,nutritional requirements vary substantially based on disease state and individual characteristics.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables precision EN management through its advanced data processing and predictive analytics capabilities.This review examines current applications of AI in precision EN delivery,identifies existing challenges,and proposes solutions.We aim to inform future research directions and facilitate AI integration into clinical EN practice,ultimately optimizing patient-centered nutritional care.